紫萁贯众

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为紫萁科植物紫萁Osmunda japonica Thunb.的干燥根茎和叶柄残基。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，晒干。
Osmunda Rhizome is the dried rhizome and leaf stalk residue of Osmunda japonica Thunb. (Fam. Osmundaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, the rootlets removed, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品略呈圆锥形或圆柱形，稍弯曲，长10～20cm，直径3～6cm。根茎横生或斜生，下侧着生黑色而硬的细根；上侧密生叶柄残基，叶柄基部呈扁圆形，斜向上，长4～6cm，直径0.2~0.5cm，表面棕色或棕黑色，切断面有“U”形筋脉纹（维管束），常与皮部分开。质硬，不易折断。气微，味甘、微涩。
Rhizomes slightly conical or cylindrical, slightly curved, 10-20cm long, 3-6cm in diameter. Rhizomes horizontally or obliquely growing, lower side bearing black and hard fine roots; upper side densely covered with leaf stalk residue, leaf stalk base flattened and round, obliquely upward, 4-6cm long, 0.2-0.5cm in diameter, surface brown or brown-black, cut surface with "U"-shaped vascular bundles, often separated from the cortex. Texture hard, not easily broken. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）叶柄基部横切面∶表皮黄色，多脱落。下皮为10余列棕色厚壁细胞组成的环带。内皮层明显。周韧维管束“U”形，韧皮部有红棕色的分泌细胞散在；木质部管胞聚集8～11群，呈半圆形排列；维管束凹入侧有厚壁组织。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（1）Transverse section of leaf stalk base: epidermis yellow, often exfoliating. Subepidermis forming a ring composed of more than 10 rows of brown thick-walled cells. Endodermis distinct. Vascular bundles "U"-shaped, phloem containing scattered reddish-brown secretory cells; xylem cells forming 8-11 groups, arranged in a semi-circular pattern; vascular bundles with thick-walled tissue on the concave side. Thin-walled cells containing starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末3g，加含1%盐酸的稀乙醇50ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水30ml使溶解，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，用水洗涤至中性，蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯5ml使溶解，加于硅胶柱（160～200目，2g，内径为1.8cm，干法装柱）上，用乙酸乙酯10ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫萁酮对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（6∶4∶0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 3g of the powder add 50ml of ethanol containing 1% hydrochloric acid, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 30ml of water. Extract with two 20ml portions of ethyl acetate, combine the ethyl acetate extracts, wash with water until neutral, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 5ml of ethyl acetate, apply to a silica gel column (160-200 mesh, 2g, 1.8cm in internal diameter, dry-packed column), elute with 10ml of ethyl acetate, collect the eluate, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve osmundone CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.2mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90°C), ethyl acetate and formic acid (6:4:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254nm. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略泡，洗净，润透，切片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃、肝经。
Lung, stomach, and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，止血，杀虫。
To clear heat and detoxify, stop bleeding, and kill parasites.

主治 Indications

用于疫毒感冒，热毒泻痢，痈疮肿毒，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，虫积腹痛。
Used for epidemic toxic cold, heat-toxic diarrhea, carbuncle and swelling, vomiting blood, nosebleed, blood in stool, irregular menstruation, and abdominal pain due to worm accumulation.

用量 Dosage

5～9g。
5-9g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。
Slightly toxic.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

紫萁贯众

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为紫萁科植物紫萁Osmunda japonica Thunb.的干燥根茎和叶柄残基。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，晒干。
Osmunda Rhizome is the dried rhizome and leaf stalk residue of Osmunda japonica Thunb. (Fam. Osmundaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, the rootlets removed, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品略呈圆锥形或圆柱形，稍弯曲，长10～20cm，直径3～6cm。根茎横生或斜生，下侧着生黑色而硬的细根；上侧密生叶柄残基，叶柄基部呈扁圆形，斜向上，长4～6cm，直径0.2~0.5cm，表面棕色或棕黑色，切断面有“U”形筋脉纹（维管束），常与皮部分开。质硬，不易折断。气微，味甘、微涩。
Rhizomes slightly conical or cylindrical, slightly curved, 10-20cm long, 3-6cm in diameter. Rhizomes horizontally or obliquely growing, lower side bearing black and hard fine roots; upper side densely covered with leaf stalk residue, leaf stalk base flattened and round, obliquely upward, 4-6cm long, 0.2-0.5cm in diameter, surface brown or brown-black, cut surface with "U"-shaped vascular bundles, often separated from the cortex. Texture hard, not easily broken. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）叶柄基部横切面∶表皮黄色，多脱落。下皮为10余列棕色厚壁细胞组成的环带。内皮层明显。周韧维管束“U”形，韧皮部有红棕色的分泌细胞散在；木质部管胞聚集8～11群，呈半圆形排列；维管束凹入侧有厚壁组织。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（1）Transverse section of leaf stalk base: epidermis yellow, often exfoliating. Subepidermis forming a ring composed of more than 10 rows of brown thick-walled cells. Endodermis distinct. Vascular bundles "U"-shaped, phloem containing scattered reddish-brown secretory cells; xylem cells forming 8-11 groups, arranged in a semi-circular pattern; vascular bundles with thick-walled tissue on the concave side. Thin-walled cells containing starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末3g，加含1%盐酸的稀乙醇50ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水30ml使溶解，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，用水洗涤至中性，蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯5ml使溶解，加于硅胶柱（160～200目，2g，内径为1.8cm，干法装柱）上，用乙酸乙酯10ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫萁酮对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（6∶4∶0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 3g of the powder add 50ml of ethanol containing 1% hydrochloric acid, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 30ml of water. Extract with two 20ml portions of ethyl acetate, combine the ethyl acetate extracts, wash with water until neutral, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 5ml of ethyl acetate, apply to a silica gel column (160-200 mesh, 2g, 1.8cm in internal diameter, dry-packed column), elute with 10ml of ethyl acetate, collect the eluate, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve osmundone CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.2mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90°C), ethyl acetate and formic acid (6:4:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254nm. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫萁贯众 Osmunda Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略泡，洗净，润透，切片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃、肝经。
Lung, stomach, and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，止血，杀虫。
To clear heat and detoxify, stop bleeding, and kill parasites.

主治 Indications

用于疫毒感冒，热毒泻痢，痈疮肿毒，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，虫积腹痛。
Used for epidemic toxic cold, heat-toxic diarrhea, carbuncle and swelling, vomiting blood, nosebleed, blood in stool, irregular menstruation, and abdominal pain due to worm accumulation.

用量 Dosage

5～9g。
5-9g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。
Slightly toxic.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

紫苏叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物紫苏Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt.的干燥叶（或带嫩枝）。夏季枝叶茂盛时采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Perilla Leaf is the dried leaf (or leaf with tender stem) of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in summer when the branches and leaves are luxuriant, removed from impurities, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品叶片多皱缩卷曲、破碎，完整者展平后呈卵圆形，长4～11cm，宽2.5～9cm。先端长尖或急尖，基部圆形或宽楔形，边缘具圆锯齿。两面紫色或上表面绿色，下表面紫色，疏生灰白色毛，下表面有多数凹点状的腺鳞。叶柄长2～7cm，紫色或紫绿色。质脆。带嫩枝者，枝的直径2～5mm，紫绿色，断面中部有髓。气清香，味微辛。
Leaves irregularly wrinkled, curled, and broken; when whole, ovate or elliptical, 4-11cm long, 2.5-9cm wide; apex long-pointed or acute; base rounded or broadly cuneate; margin with rounded serrations. Both surfaces purple or upper surface green, lower surface purple, sparsely covered with grayish-white hairs, and with numerous glandular scales in concave dots on the lower surface. Petiole 2-7cm long, purple or purple-green. Texture brittle. When the leaf has tender stem, the stem is 2-5mm in diameter, purple-green, and has medullated section in the middle. Odour, fragrant; taste, slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶表面制片∶表皮细胞中某些细胞内含有紫色素，滴加10%盐酸溶液，立即显红色；或滴加5%氢氧化钾溶液，即显鲜绿色，后变为黄绿色。
（1）The surface of the leaf is made into a section: some cells in the epidermis contain purple pigment, and when 10% hydrochloric acid solution is added, it immediately turns red; or when 5% potassium hydroxide solution is added, it immediately turns bright green, and then changes to yellow-green.

本品粉末棕绿色。非腺毛1～7细胞，直径16～346μm，表面具线状纹理，有的细胞充满紫红色或粉红色物。腺毛头部多为2细胞，直径17～36μm，柄单细胞。腺鳞常破碎，头部4～8细胞。上、下表皮细胞不规则形，垂周壁波状弯曲，气孔直轴式，下表皮气孔较多。草酸钙簇晶细小，存在于叶肉细胞中。
The powder is brownish-green. Non-glandular hairs consist of 1-7 cells, with a diameter of 16-346μm, and the surface has linear texture. Some cells are filled with purple-red or pink substances. The head of glandular hair is mostly composed of 2 cells, with a diameter of 17-36μm, and the stalk is a single cell. Glandular scales are often broken, and the head consists of 4-8 cells. Epidermal cells of both upper and lower surfaces are irregular in shape, with wavy curved periclinal walls, and the stomata are of the paracytic type, with more stomata on the lower surface. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are small and exist in mesophyll cells.

（2）取〔含量测定〕项下的挥发油，加正己烷制成每1ml含10μl的溶液，作为供试品溶液。另取紫苏醛对照品，加正己烷制成每1ml含10μl的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-乙酸乙酯（15∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以二硝基苯肼乙醇试液。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）Take the volatile oil under the "Content Determination" section, add n-hexane to make a solution containing 10μl per ml as the test solution. Take perillaldehyde CRS, add n-hexane to make a solution containing 10μl per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (15:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine in ethanol. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

（3）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至干，加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫苏叶对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸-水（9∶0.5∶1∶0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（3）Take 0.5g of the powder, add 25ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, concentrate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.5g of the reference drug of Perilla Leaf, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, formic acid, and water (9:0.5:1:0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 3μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

含量测定 Content Determination

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定，保持微沸2.5小时。
The method for determination of volatile oil<2204> is used, and the reflux is maintained for 2.5 hours.

本品含挥发油不得少于0.40%（ml/g）。
The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 0.40% (ml/g).

饮片 Prepared slices

紫苏叶 Perilla Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质和老梗；或喷淋清水，切碎，干燥。
Eliminate impurities and old stems; or spray with water, cut into pieces, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段或未切叶。叶多皱缩卷曲、破碎，完整者展平后呈卵圆形。边缘具圆锯齿。两面紫色或上表面绿色，下表面紫色，疏生灰白色毛。叶柄紫色或紫绿色。带嫩枝者，枝的直径2～5mm，紫绿色，切面中部有髓。气清香，味微辛。
This product is irregular segments or uncut leaves. The leaves are mostly wrinkled, curled, and broken, and the intact ones are oval after being flattened. The edges are roundly serrate. Purple on both sides or green on the upper surface, purple on the lower surface, sparsely grayish-white hairs. The petioles are purple or purplish-green. With young branches, the diameter of the branches is 2~5mm, purple-green, and there is pith in the middle of the section. The air is fragrant and the taste is slightly pungent.

含量测定 Content Determination

同药材，含挥发油不得少于0.20%（ml/g）。
Same as the crude drug. The volatile oil content of this product shall not be less than 0.20% (ml/g).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

解表散寒，行气和胃。
To release the exterior and dispel cold, promote the circulation of qi, and harmonize the stomach.

主治 Indications

用于风寒感冒，咳嗽呕恶，妊娠呕吐，鱼蟹中毒。
Used for wind-cold common cold, cough and nausea, vomiting during pregnancy, and fish and crab poisoning.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

紫苏梗

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为唇形科植物紫苏Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt.的干燥茎。秋季果实成熟后采割，除去杂质，晒干，或趁鲜切片，晒干。
Perilla Stem is the dried stem of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. (Fam. Labiatae). The drug is collected in autumn after the fruit is ripe, removed from impurities, dried in the sun, or cut into slices and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈方柱形，四棱钝圆，长短不一，直径0.5～1.5cm。表面紫棕色或暗紫色，四面有纵沟和细纵纹，节部稍膨大，有对生的枝痕和叶痕。体轻，质硬，断面裂片状。切片厚2～5mm，常呈斜长方形，木部黄白色，射线细密，呈放射状，髓部白色，疏松或脱落。气微香，味淡。
Stems square-cylindrical, with four obtuse angles, variable in length, 0.5-1.5cm in diameter; externally purple-brown or dark purple, with longitudinal furrows and fine longitudinal wrinkles on all sides; nodes slightly swollen, with opposite branch scars and leaf scars. Light in weight, hard in texture, and fractured into flakes. Transverse section thick, 2-5 mm, often oblong, wood yellowish-white, rays fine and dense, radiate, medulla white, loose or exfoliated. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, mild.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄白色至灰绿色。木纤维众多，多成束，直径8～45μm。中柱鞘纤维淡黄色或黄棕色，长梭形，直径10～46μm，有的孔沟明显。表皮细胞棕黄色，表面观呈多角形或类方形，垂周壁连珠状增厚。草酸钙针晶细小，充塞于薄壁细胞中。
（1）The powder is yellowish-white to grayish-green. Numerous wood fibers, mostly in bundles, with a diameter of 8-45μm. The parenchyma fibers of the pith sheath are pale yellow or yellow-brown, elongated, with a diameter of 10-46μm, and some have obvious pits. The epidermal cells are brownish-yellow, and the surface appears polygonal or square-like, with thickened walls in a bead-like pattern. The calcium oxalate needles are small and fill the thin-walled cells.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取迷迭香酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（3∶3∶0.2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）To 1g of the powder add 25ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Take another appropriate amount of rosmarinic acid CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.2mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (3:3:0.2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过9.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Content determination

避光操作。照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%甲酸溶液（38∶62）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按迷迭香酸峰计算应不低于3000。
Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filling material; use methanol-0.1% formic acid solution (38:62) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength 330nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated from the peak of rosmarinic acid should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取迷迭香酸对照品适量，精密称定，加60%丙酮制成每1ml含40μg的溶液，即得。
Preparation of reference solution Take an appropriate amount of rosmarinic acid CRS, accurately weigh, add 60% acetone to make a solution containing 40 μg per ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入60%丙酮25ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）30分钟，再称定重量，用60%丙酮补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Preparation of test solution Take about 0.5g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the test item, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of 60% acetone, seal tightly, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 minutes, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 60% acetone, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液5～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Method of determination Accurately draw 10 μl of the reference solution and 5-20 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含迷迭香酸（C18H16O8）不得少于0.10%。
The content of rosmarinic acid (C18H16O8) in the drug, calculated with reference to the dried drug, should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫苏梗 Perilla Stem

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，稍浸，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak briefly, soften until thoroughly wet, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈类方形的厚片。表面紫棕色或暗紫色，有的可见对生的枝痕和叶痕。切面木部黄白色，有细密的放射状纹理，髓部白色，疏松或脱落。气微香，味淡。
This product is a thick sheet similar to a square shape. The surface is purplish-brown or dark purple, and some can see opposite branch marks and leaf marks. The cut surface of the wood is yellowish-white, with fine radial grain, and the pith is white, loose or detached. The smell is slightly fragrant and the taste is light.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾经。
Lung and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

理气宽中，止痛，安胎。
To regulate qi, relieve pain, and secure the fetus.

主治 Indications

用于胸膈痞闷，胃脘疼痛，暧气呕吐，胎动不安。
For chest and hypochondriac distension, epigastric pain, nausea and vomiting, and restless fetus.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

紫花前胡

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物紫花前胡Peucedanum decursivum （Miq.）Maxim.的干燥根。秋、冬二季地上部分枯萎时采挖，除去须根，晒干。
Peucedani Decursivi Radix is the dried root of Peucedanum decursivum (Miq.) Maxim. (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter when the aerial part withers, removed from rootlets, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多呈不规则圆柱形、圆锥形或纺锤形，主根较细，有少数支根，长3～15cm，直径0.8～1.7cm。表面棕色至黑棕色，根头部偶有残留茎基和膜状叶鞘残基，有浅直细纵皱纹，可见灰白色横向皮孔样突起和点状须根痕。质硬，断面类白色，皮部较窄，散有少数黄色油点。气芳香，味微苦、辛。
Roots irregularly cylindrical, conical or fusiform, main root slender, with a few lateral roots, 3-15cm long, 0.8-1.7cm in diameter; surface brown to dark brown, with occasional remains of stem base and membranous leaf sheath, shallowly longitudinally wrinkled, with grayish-white transverse lenticels-like projections and dotted rootlet scars. Texture hard, fracture white, cortex narrow, with a few yellow oil dots. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根横切面：木栓层为数列至10余列扁平细胞，外有落皮层。栓内层极窄，有油管散在。韧皮部宽广；油管多数，类圆形，略呈多轮环状排列，分泌细胞5～10个；韧皮射线近皮层处多弯曲且形成大小不等的裂隙。形成层环状。木质部较小，导管径向排列呈放射状；木射线较宽；木纤维少见。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（1）Cross-section of the root of this product: the cork layer is several columns to more than 10 rows of flat cells, with an epicortical layer outside. The inner layer of the plug is extremely narrow, and there are tubing scattered in it. Phloem broad; Most of the tubing are round, slightly arranged in a multi-wheel ring shape, and there are 5~10 secretory cells; Phloem rays are often curved and form fissures of varying sizes near the cortex. The cambium is ring-shaped. The xylem is small, and the ducts are arranged radially in a radial pattern; Wood rays are wider; Wood fibers are rare. Parenchyma cells contain starch granules.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇25ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取紫花前胡苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水（8︰1︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）To 0.5g of the powder add 25ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution containing 50μg per ml of peucedanin CRS in methanol as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-water (8:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 30.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（40︰60）为流动相；检测波长为334nm。理论板数按紫花前胡苷峰计算应不低于1500。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (40:60) as the mobile phase; detect at the wavelength of 334nm. The theoretical plate number calculated from the peak of peucedanin should not be less than 1500.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取紫花前胡苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of peucedanin CRS, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 50μg per ml, and mix well.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，称定重量，浸泡1小时后超声处理（功率100W，频率40kHz）20分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1ml，置10ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve) of the test drug, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of methanol, weigh again, soak for 1 hour, treat with ultrasound (power 100W, frequency 40kHz) for 20 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the loss in weight with methanol, shake well, filter, accurately measure 1 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, and obtain the test solution.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 5μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含紫花前胡苷（C20H24O9）不得少于0.90%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of peucedanin (C20H24O9) should not be less than 0.90%.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫花前胡 Peucedani Decursivi Radix

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

降气化痰，散风清热。
To descend qi and transform phlegm, dispel wind and clear heat.

主治 Indications

用于痰热喘满，咯痰黄稠，风热咳嗽痰多。
Used for phlegm-heat cough with fullness in the chest, thick and yellow sputum, and cough with phlegm due to wind-heat.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

或入丸、散。
Or made into pills or powder.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, protect from mold and moth.

蜘蛛香

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为败酱科植物蜘蛛香Valeriana jatamansi Jones的干燥根茎和根。秋季采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Valerian Rhizome and Root is the dried rhizome and root of Valeriana jatamansi Jones (Fam. Valerianaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from soil and sand, and dried.

性状 Description

本品根茎呈圆柱形，略扁，稍弯曲，少分枝，长1.5～8cm，直径0.5～2cm；表面暗棕色或灰褐色，有紧密隆起的环节和突起的点状根痕，有的顶端略膨大，具茎、叶残基；质坚实，不易折断，折断面略平坦，黄棕色或灰棕色，可见筋脉点（维管束）断续排列成环。根细长，稍弯曲，长3～15cm，直径约0.2cm，有浅纵皱纹，质脆。气特异，味微苦、辛。
Rhizome cylindrical, slightly flattened, slightly curved, few branches, 1.5-8cm long, 0.5-2cm in diameter; surface dark brown or grayish-brown, with closely spaced nodes and pointed root scars, some slightly swollen at the top, with stem and leaf remnants; texture firm, not easily broken, fracture slightly flat, yellowish-brown or grayish-brown, visible vascular bundle points (vascular bundles) arranged in a ring. Roots slender, slightly curved, 3-15cm long, diameter about 0.2cm, with shallow longitudinal wrinkles, brittle texture. Odour, characteristically aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品根茎横切面：表皮细胞1列，方形或类长方形，淡棕色，外壁增厚，木栓化，有时可见非腺毛或腺毛，有的木栓层外无表皮细胞存在。皮层宽广，常见根迹或叶迹维管束；内皮层明显。外韧型维管束多个，断续排列成环。髓部宽广。薄壁细胞内有众多淡黄棕色针簇状或扇形橙皮苷结晶。本品粉末灰棕色。淀粉粒甚多，单粒类圆形、长圆形或卵形，有的一端尖突，直径5～39μm，脐点裂缝状、三叉状或点状，有的可见层纹；复粒由2～4粒组成。导管主为网纹导管和单纹孔导管。薄壁细胞内含有淡棕褐色物和橙皮苷结晶。
（1）Cross-section of the rhizome: 1 column of epidermal cells, square or oblong-shaped, light brown, thickened outer wall, wood embolization, sometimes non-glandular hairs or glandular hairs, some wood plug layer outside no epidermal cells. The cortex is broad, and root or leaf traces are commonly vascular; The endothelial layer is pronounced. The externally tough vascular bundle is multiple, arranged intermittently in a ring. The medulla is broad. Parenchymal cells contain numerous yellowish-brown needle-like or fan-shaped hesperidin crystals. This product powder gray brown. There are many starch grains, single grains round, oblong or ovate, some pointed at one end, diameter 5~39μm, umbilical point crack, tridental or pointed, some visible layer lines; The compound granules are composed of 2~4 grains. The catheters are mainly reticulated catheters and monostriated catheters. Parenchymal cells contain light tan and hesperidin crystals.

（2）取本品粉末0.2g，加乙醚5ml，振摇，放置5分钟，滤过，滤液挥去乙醚，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取缬草三酯对照品、乙酰缬草三酯对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含1mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃）-丙酮（5∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 0.2g of the powder add 5ml of ether, shake for 5 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 0.5ml of methanol as the test solution. Take valtrate CRS and acevaltrate CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a mixed solution containing 1mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (30-60°C) and acetone (5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5μl of the test solution and 2μl of the Reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254nm. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于8.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 8.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

蜘蛛香 Valerian Rhizome and Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切片，晒干。
Eliminate Foreign matter,wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

微苦、辛。
Slightly bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、脾、胃经。
Heart, spleen, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

理气止痛，消食止泻，祛风除湿，镇惊安神。
To regulate qi and relieve pain, promote digestion and stop diarrhea, dispel wind and eliminate dampness, and calm the mind and tranquilize the spirit.

主治 Indications

用于脘腹胀痛，食积不化，腹泻痢疾，风湿痹痛，腰膝酸软，失眠。
Abdominal distension and pain, indigestion, diarrhea and dysentery, rheumatic arthralgia, lumbago and weakness of the knees, insomnia.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防尘、防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protected from dust and moth.

紫花地丁

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为堇菜科植物紫花地丁Viola yedoensis Makino的干燥全草。春、秋二季采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Violet Herb is the dried aerial part of Viola yedoensis Makino (Fam. Violaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩成团。主根长圆锥形，直径1～3mm；淡黄棕色，有细纵皱纹。叶基生，灰绿色，展平后叶片呈披针形或卵状披针形，长1.5～6cm，宽1～2cm；先端钝，基部截形或稍心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面有毛；叶柄细，长2～6cm，上部具明显狭翅。花茎纤细；花瓣5，紫堇色或淡棕色；花距细管状。蒴果椭圆形或3裂，种子多数，淡棕色。气微，味微苦而稍黏。
The drug is in irregular masses, often wrinkled. The main root is long-conical, measuring 1-3mm in diameter, pale yellowish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles. Leaves are basal, grayish-green, and become lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate after being flattened, measuring 1.5-6cm long and 1-2cm wide. The apex is obtuse, the base is truncate or slightly cordate, the margin is bluntly serrate, and both surfaces are hairy. The petiole is slender, measuring 2-6cm long, and the upper part has obvious narrow wings. The flower stem is slender. The petals are 5, purple or pale brown. The corolla tube is slender. The capsule is ellipsoid or 3-lobed, containing numerous seeds that are pale brown. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter and sticky.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶横切面：上表皮细胞较大，切向延长，外壁较厚，内壁黏液化，常膨胀呈半圆形；下表皮细胞较小，偶有黏液细胞；上、下表皮有单细胞非腺毛，长32～240μm，直径24～32μm，具角质短线纹。栅栏细胞2～3列；海绵细胞类圆形，含草酸钙簇晶，直径11～40μm。主脉维管束外韧型，上、下表皮内方有厚角细胞1～2列。
（1）Transverse section of the leaf: The upper epidermal cells are larger, elongated in the longitudinal direction, with thicker outer walls and mucification of the inner walls, often expanding into a semicircular shape. The lower epidermal cells are smaller, occasionally with mucilage cells. The upper and lower epidermis have single non-glandular hairs, measuring 32-240μm in length and 24-32μm in diameter, with short lines of cuticle. The palisade cells are arranged in 2-3 rows, and the spongy cells are round, containing clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, with a diameter of 11-40 μm. The vascular bundles of the main veins are collateral, and there are 1-2 rows of thick-walled cells in the inner side of the upper and lower epidermis.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加热水10ml，搅拌使溶解，滤过，滤液回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫花地丁对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取秦皮乙素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10μl、对照药材溶液5μl、对照品溶液5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5︰3︰1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）Take 2g of the powder, add 20ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10ml of hot water with stirring, filter, recover the solvent from the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take another 2g of the reference drug of Violet Herb, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take quercetin CRS as the reference substance, dissolve it in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-acetic acid- formic acid (5:3:1) as the upper layer solution. Apply separately to the plate 5-10μl of each of the test solution, the reference drug solution, and the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过18.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用95%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using 95% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 5.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（10︰90）为流动相；检测波长为344nm，理论板数按秦皮乙素峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (10:90) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 344 nm, and the theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of quercetin should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取秦皮乙素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of quercetin CRS, accurately weigh, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.1mg per ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，70 ℃加热回流30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, add 50ml of methanol with precision, weigh again, heat under reflux at 70°C for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight lost with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 5μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and measure to obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含秦皮乙素（C9H6O4）不得少于0.20%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of quercetin (C9H6O4) should not be less than 0.20%.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫花地丁 Violet Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切碎，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, cut into pieces, and dry.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝经。
Heart and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，凉血消肿。
To clear heat and detoxify, cool blood, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于疔疮肿毒，痈疽发背，丹毒，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for carbuncles and sores, furuncles and abscesses, erysipelas, and snake bites.

用量 Dosage

15～30g。
15-30 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

竹节参

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物竹节参Panax japonicus C.A.Mey.的干燥根茎。秋季采挖，除去主根和外皮，干燥。
Rhizoma Panacis Japonici is the dried rhizome and root of Panax japonicus C.A.Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from the main root and bark, and dried.

性状 Description

本品略呈圆柱形，稍弯曲，有的具肉质侧根。长5～22cm，直径0.8～2.5cm。表面黄色或黄褐色，粗糙，有致密的纵皱纹及根痕。节明显，节间长0.8～2cm，每节有1凹陷的茎痕。质硬，断面黄白色至淡黄棕色，黄色点状维管束排列成环。气微，味苦、后微甜。
Rhizome cylindrical, slightly curved, some with fleshy lateral roots, 5-22cm long, 0.8-2.5cm in diameter; surface yellow or yellowish-brown, rough, with dense longitudinal wrinkles and root scars; nodes distinct, internodes 0.8-2cm long, each node with 1 depressed stem scar; texture hard, fracture yellowish-white to pale yellow-brown, yellow dot-like vascular bundles arranged in a ring; odour, slight; taste, bitter followed by slight sweetness.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为2～10列细胞。皮层稍宽，有少数分泌道。维管束外韧型，环状排列，形成层成环。韧皮部偶见分泌道。木质部束略作2～4列放射状排列，也有呈单行排列；木纤维常1～4束，有的纤维束旁有较大的木化厚壁细胞。中央有髓。薄壁细胞中含众多草酸钙簇晶，直径17～70μm，并含淀粉粒。
（1）Cross-section of this product: The cork layer is 2~10 rows of cells. The cortex is slightly wider, with a few secretory tracts. The vascular bundles are externally tough, arranged in a ring-like pattern, and the cambium layer forms a loop. Occasionally, the secretory tract is seen in the phloem. The xylem bundles are slightly arranged in 2~4 rows radially, and some are arranged in a single row; Wood fibers are often 1~4 bundles, and some fiber bundles have larger lignified thick-walled cells next to them. There is a medulla in the center. The parenchyma cells contain many calcium oxalate clusters, with a diameter of 17~70μm, and contain starch granules.

粉末黄白色至黄棕色。木纤维成束，直径约25μm，壁稍厚，纹孔斜裂缝状，有的交叉呈人字形。草酸钙簇晶多见，直径15～70μm。梯纹导管、网纹导管或具缘纹孔导管直径20～70μm。树脂道碎片偶见，内含黄色块状物。木栓组织碎片细胞呈多角形、长方形或不规则形，壁厚。淀粉粒众多，多单粒，呈类圆形，直径约10μm，或已糊化。
Powder yellowish-white to yellowish-brown. Wood fibres in bundles, about 25 μm in diameter, walls slightly thickened, with oblique fissures, some crossing to form a herringbone pattern. Calcium oxalate clusters numerous, about 15-70μm in diameter. Laticiferous vessels, reticulate vessels or vessels with bordered pits, about 20-70 μm in diameter. Fragments of resin canals occasionally seen, containing yellowish masses. Fragments of cork tissue cells polygonal, rectangular or irregular, walls thickened. Numerous starch grains, mostly single, nearly spherical, about 10μm in diameter, some already gelatinized.

（2）取本品粉末约0.2g，加60%甲醇25ml，超声处理40分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取人参皂苷Ro对照品和竹节参皂苷IVa对照品，分别加60%甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照品溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-甲酸-水（4.5∶1.5∶0.1∶0.3）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To about 0.2g of the powder add 25ml of 60% methanol, treat under ultrasound for 40 min, filter, and use the filtrate as the test solution. Prepare a solution containing 1mg per ml of ginsenoside Ro CRS and a solution containing 1mg per ml of ginsenoside IVa CRS in 60% methanol as the Reference solutions. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, methanol, formic acid and water (4.5:1.5:0.1:0.3) as the lower layer solution. Apply separately to the plate 10μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solutions.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以0.15%磷酸溶液为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；柱温40°C，检测波长为203nm。理论板数按人参皂苷Ro峰计算应不低于10000。
Octadecylsilane bonded silica gel was used as filler, acetonitrile as mobile phase A, 0.15% phosphoric acid solution as mobile phase B, gradient elution was carried out as specified in the table below, the column temperature was 40°C, and the detection wavelength was 203nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 10,000 according to the ginsenoside Ro peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取人参皂苷Ro对照品和竹节参皂苷IVa对照品适量，精密称定，分别加60%甲醇制成每1ml含1.0mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of ginsenoside Ro reference substance and bamboo ginsenoside IVa reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add 60% methanol respectively to make a solution containing 1.0mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约0.2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加60%甲醇25ml，称定重量，25°C超声处理（功率500W，频率28kHz）40分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用60%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.2g of the powder of this product (through the No. 2 sieve), weigh it accurately, place it in a plugged Erlenmeyer flask, add 25ml of 60% methanol accurately, weigh it, sonicate it at 25 °C (power 500W, frequency 28kHz) for 40 minutes, let it cool, weigh it again, make up for the weight loss with 60% methanol, shake it well, filter it, and take the filtrate to obtain it.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
20μl of the reference solution and the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the liquid chromatograph, and measured.

本品按干燥品计算，含人参皂苷Ro（Ｃ48H76O19）和竹节参皂苷Ⅳa（Ｃ42H66O14）分别不得少于1.5%。
This product is calculated as a dry product, and the content of ginsenoside Ro (C48H76O19) and bamboo saponin IV.a (C42H66O14) shall not be less than 1.5% respectively.

饮片 Prepared slices

竹节参 Rhizoma Panacis Japonici

炮制 Processing

用时捣碎。
Crush before use.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、微苦。
Sweet and slightly bitter.

归经 | Meridian tropism

归肝、脾、肺经。
Liver, spleen, and lung meridians.

功能 Actions

散瘀止血，消肿止痛，祛痰止咳，补虚强壮。
To promote blood circulation and stop bleeding, reduce swelling and relieve pain, resolve phlegm and stop coughing, and tonify deficiency and strengthen the body.

主治 Indications

用于痨嗽咯血，跌扑损伤，咳嗽痰多，病后虚弱。
Used for cough with blood-streaked sputum, injuries from falls or blows, cough with excessive phlegm, and post-illness weakness.

用量 Dosage

6～9g。
6-9g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

猪牙皂

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的干燥不育果实。秋季采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal) is the dried abnormal fruit of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in autumn, freed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，略扁而弯曲，长5～11cm，宽0.7～1.5cm。表面紫棕色或紫褐色，被灰白色蜡质粉霜，擦去后有光泽，并有细小的疣状突起和线状或网状的裂纹。顶端有鸟喙状花柱残基，基部具果梗残痕。质硬而脆，易折断，断面棕黄色，中间疏松，有淡绿色或淡棕黄色的丝状物，偶有发育不全的种子。气微，有刺激性，味先甜而后辣。
Fruits cylindrical, slightly flattened and curved, 5-11cm long, 0.7-1.5cm wide; surface purple-brown or purple-brown, covered with grayish-white waxy powder, lustrous after wiping, with small wart-like projections and linear or reticulate cracks. Apex with the remains of a beak-shaped style, base with the remains of a fruit stalk. Texture hard and brittle, easily broken; fracture yellowish-brown, spongy in the middle, with pale green or pale brownish-yellow filaments, occasionally with undeveloped seeds. Odour, slight; taste, sweet at first, then pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。石细胞众多，类圆形、长圆形或形状不规则，直径15～53μm。纤维大多成束，直径10～25μm，壁微木化，周围细胞含草酸钙方晶和少数簇晶，形成晶纤维；纤维束旁常伴有类方形厚壁细胞。草酸钙方晶长6～15μm；簇晶直径6～14μm。木化薄壁细胞甚多，纹孔和孔沟明显。果皮表皮细胞红棕色，表面观类多角形，壁较厚，表面可见颗粒状角质纹理。
（1）The powder is brownish-yellow. Numerous stone cells are mostly circular, elongated, or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 15-53μm. Fibers mostly occur in bundles, with a diameter of 10-25μm, slightly lignified walls, and peripheral cells containing calcium oxalate prisms and a few cluster crystals, forming crystal fibers; beside the fiber bundles, there are often thick-walled cells of square or rectangular shape. Calcium oxalate prisms are 6-15μm long; cluster crystals have a diameter of 6-14μm. There are many lignified thin-walled cells, and the pits and pits are obvious. The epidermal cells of the fruit peel are reddish-brown, and the surface appears polygonal, with a thicker wall and granular horny texture visible on the surface.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇8ml，加热回流5分钟，放冷，滤过。取滤液0.5ml，置小瓷皿中，蒸干，放冷，加醋酐3滴，搅匀，沿皿壁加硫酸2滴，渐显红紫色。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 8ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 5 minutes, cool, and filter. Take 0.5ml of the filtrate, place it in a small porcelain dish, evaporate to dryness, cool, add 3 drops of acetic anhydride, stir well, add 2 drops of sulfuric acid along the wall of the dish, and gradually show a reddish-purple color.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加水10ml，煮沸10分钟，滤过，滤液强烈振摇，即产生持久的泡沫（持续15分钟以上）。
（3）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of water, boil for 10 minutes, filter, and vigorously shake the filtrate to produce persistent foam (lasting for more than 15 minutes).

（4）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，加乙酸乙酯10ml振摇提取，取乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取猪牙皂对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水-冰醋酸（18︰1︰0.6︰0.2）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（4）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10ml of water, extract with 10ml of ethyl acetate, take the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal), prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> using silica gel G as the coating substance and a lower layer solution of chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (18:1:0.6:0.2) as the mobile phase. Apply 10μl of each of the above two solutions separately to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

猪牙皂 Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal)

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，晒干。用时捣碎。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, dry in the sun. Crush before use.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、咸。
Pungent and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、大肠经。
Lung and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

祛痰开窍，散结消肿。
To resolve phlegm, open the orifices, disperse nodules, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于中风口噤，昏迷不醒，癫痫痰盛，关窍不通，喉痹痰阻，顽痰喘咳，咯痰不爽，大便燥结；外治痈肿。
Used for stroke with locked jaw, coma with unresponsiveness, epilepsy with excessive phlegm, obstruction of the orifices, throat impediment with phlegm obstruction, stubborn phlegm with wheezing and coughing, uncomfortable expectoration, and dry stool; externally for treating carbuncles and swelling.

用量 Dosage

1～1.5g。外用适量。
1-1.5g. For external use, apply an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

多入丸散用。研末吹鼻取嚏或研末调敷患处。
Often used in pill or powder form. Powder to induce sneezing or apply the powder to the affected area.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。孕妇及咯血、吐血患者禁用。
Slightly toxic. Not to be used by pregnant women, patients with hemoptysis or hematemesis.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protected from moth.

猪牙皂

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的干燥不育果实。秋季采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal) is the dried abnormal fruit of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in autumn, freed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，略扁而弯曲，长5～11cm，宽0.7～1.5cm。表面紫棕色或紫褐色，被灰白色蜡质粉霜，擦去后有光泽，并有细小的疣状突起和线状或网状的裂纹。顶端有鸟喙状花柱残基，基部具果梗残痕。质硬而脆，易折断，断面棕黄色，中间疏松，有淡绿色或淡棕黄色的丝状物，偶有发育不全的种子。气微，有刺激性，味先甜而后辣。
Fruits cylindrical, slightly flattened and curved, 5-11cm long, 0.7-1.5cm wide; surface purple-brown or purple-brown, covered with grayish-white waxy powder, lustrous after wiping, with small wart-like projections and linear or reticulate cracks. Apex with the remains of a beak-shaped style, base with the remains of a fruit stalk. Texture hard and brittle, easily broken; fracture yellowish-brown, spongy in the middle, with pale green or pale brownish-yellow filaments, occasionally with undeveloped seeds. Odour, slight; taste, sweet at first, then pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。石细胞众多，类圆形、长圆形或形状不规则，直径15～53μm。纤维大多成束，直径10～25μm，壁微木化，周围细胞含草酸钙方晶和少数簇晶，形成晶纤维；纤维束旁常伴有类方形厚壁细胞。草酸钙方晶长6～15μm；簇晶直径6～14μm。木化薄壁细胞甚多，纹孔和孔沟明显。果皮表皮细胞红棕色，表面观类多角形，壁较厚，表面可见颗粒状角质纹理。
（1）The powder is brownish-yellow. Numerous stone cells are mostly circular, elongated, or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 15-53μm. Fibers mostly occur in bundles, with a diameter of 10-25μm, slightly lignified walls, and peripheral cells containing calcium oxalate prisms and a few cluster crystals, forming crystal fibers; beside the fiber bundles, there are often thick-walled cells of square or rectangular shape. Calcium oxalate prisms are 6-15μm long; cluster crystals have a diameter of 6-14μm. There are many lignified thin-walled cells, and the pits and pits are obvious. The epidermal cells of the fruit peel are reddish-brown, and the surface appears polygonal, with a thicker wall and granular horny texture visible on the surface.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇8ml，加热回流5分钟，放冷，滤过。取滤液0.5ml，置小瓷皿中，蒸干，放冷，加醋酐3滴，搅匀，沿皿壁加硫酸2滴，渐显红紫色。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 8ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 5 minutes, cool, and filter. Take 0.5ml of the filtrate, place it in a small porcelain dish, evaporate to dryness, cool, add 3 drops of acetic anhydride, stir well, add 2 drops of sulfuric acid along the wall of the dish, and gradually show a reddish-purple color.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加水10ml，煮沸10分钟，滤过，滤液强烈振摇，即产生持久的泡沫（持续15分钟以上）。
（3）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of water, boil for 10 minutes, filter, and vigorously shake the filtrate to produce persistent foam (lasting for more than 15 minutes).

（4）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，加乙酸乙酯10ml振摇提取，取乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取猪牙皂对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水-冰醋酸（18︰1︰0.6︰0.2）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（4）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10ml of water, extract with 10ml of ethyl acetate, take the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal), prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> using silica gel G as the coating substance and a lower layer solution of chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (18:1:0.6:0.2) as the mobile phase. Apply 10μl of each of the above two solutions separately to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

猪牙皂 Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal)

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，晒干。用时捣碎。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, dry in the sun. Crush before use.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、咸。
Pungent and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、大肠经。
Lung and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

祛痰开窍，散结消肿。
To resolve phlegm, open the orifices, disperse nodules, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于中风口噤，昏迷不醒，癫痫痰盛，关窍不通，喉痹痰阻，顽痰喘咳，咯痰不爽，大便燥结；外治痈肿。
Used for stroke with locked jaw, coma with unresponsiveness, epilepsy with excessive phlegm, obstruction of the orifices, throat impediment with phlegm obstruction, stubborn phlegm with wheezing and coughing, uncomfortable expectoration, and dry stool; externally for treating carbuncles and swelling.

用量 Dosage

1～1.5g。外用适量。
1-1.5g. For external use, apply an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

多入丸散用。研末吹鼻取嚏或研末调敷患处。
Often used in pill or powder form. Powder to induce sneezing or apply the powder to the affected area.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。孕妇及咯血、吐血患者禁用。
Slightly toxic. Not to be used by pregnant women, patients with hemoptysis or hematemesis.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protected from moth.