紫花地丁

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为堇菜科植物紫花地丁Viola yedoensis Makino的干燥全草。春、秋二季采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Violet Herb is the dried aerial part of Viola yedoensis Makino (Fam. Violaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩成团。主根长圆锥形，直径1～3mm；淡黄棕色，有细纵皱纹。叶基生，灰绿色，展平后叶片呈披针形或卵状披针形，长1.5～6cm，宽1～2cm；先端钝，基部截形或稍心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面有毛；叶柄细，长2～6cm，上部具明显狭翅。花茎纤细；花瓣5，紫堇色或淡棕色；花距细管状。蒴果椭圆形或3裂，种子多数，淡棕色。气微，味微苦而稍黏。
The drug is in irregular masses, often wrinkled. The main root is long-conical, measuring 1-3mm in diameter, pale yellowish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles. Leaves are basal, grayish-green, and become lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate after being flattened, measuring 1.5-6cm long and 1-2cm wide. The apex is obtuse, the base is truncate or slightly cordate, the margin is bluntly serrate, and both surfaces are hairy. The petiole is slender, measuring 2-6cm long, and the upper part has obvious narrow wings. The flower stem is slender. The petals are 5, purple or pale brown. The corolla tube is slender. The capsule is ellipsoid or 3-lobed, containing numerous seeds that are pale brown. The odor is slight, and the taste is slightly bitter and sticky.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶横切面：上表皮细胞较大，切向延长，外壁较厚，内壁黏液化，常膨胀呈半圆形；下表皮细胞较小，偶有黏液细胞；上、下表皮有单细胞非腺毛，长32～240μm，直径24～32μm，具角质短线纹。栅栏细胞2～3列；海绵细胞类圆形，含草酸钙簇晶，直径11～40μm。主脉维管束外韧型，上、下表皮内方有厚角细胞1～2列。
（1）Transverse section of the leaf: The upper epidermal cells are larger, elongated in the longitudinal direction, with thicker outer walls and mucification of the inner walls, often expanding into a semicircular shape. The lower epidermal cells are smaller, occasionally with mucilage cells. The upper and lower epidermis have single non-glandular hairs, measuring 32-240μm in length and 24-32μm in diameter, with short lines of cuticle. The palisade cells are arranged in 2-3 rows, and the spongy cells are round, containing clusters of calcium oxalate crystals, with a diameter of 11-40 μm. The vascular bundles of the main veins are collateral, and there are 1-2 rows of thick-walled cells in the inner side of the upper and lower epidermis.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加热水10ml，搅拌使溶解，滤过，滤液回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫花地丁对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取秦皮乙素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10μl、对照药材溶液5μl、对照品溶液5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5︰3︰1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）Take 2g of the powder, add 20ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10ml of hot water with stirring, filter, recover the solvent from the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take another 2g of the reference drug of Violet Herb, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Take quercetin CRS as the reference substance, dissolve it in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.1mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-acetic acid- formic acid (5:3:1) as the upper layer solution. Apply separately to the plate 5-10μl of each of the test solution, the reference drug solution, and the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过18.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用95%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于5.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using 95% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 5.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（10︰90）为流动相；检测波长为344nm，理论板数按秦皮乙素峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (10:90) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 344 nm, and the theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of quercetin should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取秦皮乙素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of quercetin CRS, accurately weigh, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.1mg per ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，70 ℃加热回流30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, add 50ml of methanol with precision, weigh again, heat under reflux at 70°C for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight lost with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 5μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and measure to obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含秦皮乙素（C9H6O4）不得少于0.20%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of quercetin (C9H6O4) should not be less than 0.20%.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫花地丁 Violet Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切碎，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, cut into pieces, and dry.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝经。
Heart and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，凉血消肿。
To clear heat and detoxify, cool blood, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于疔疮肿毒，痈疽发背，丹毒，毒蛇咬伤。
Used for carbuncles and sores, furuncles and abscesses, erysipelas, and snake bites.

用量 Dosage

15～30g。
15-30 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

紫花地丁

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为堇菜科植物紫花地丁Viola yedoensis Makino的干燥全草。春、秋二季采收，除去杂质，晒干。
Tokyo Violet Herb is the dried herb of Viola yedoensis Makino (Fam. Violaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩成团。主根长圆锥形，直径1～3mm；淡黄棕色，有细纵皱纹。叶基生，灰绿色，展平后叶片呈披针形或卵状披针形，长1.5～6cm，宽1～2cm；先端钝，基部截形或稍心形，边缘具钝锯齿，两面有毛；叶柄细，长2～6cm，上部具明显狭翅。花茎纤细；花瓣5，紫堇色或淡棕色；花距细管状。蒴果椭圆形或3裂，种子多数，淡棕色。气微，味微苦而稍黏。
Frequently crumpled into masses. The main roots long-conical, 1-3 mm in diameter, pale yellowish-brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles. Leaves basal, greyish-green, when whole, lanceolate or ovate lanceolate, 1.5-6 cm long, 1-2 cm wide; apex obtuse, base truncate or somewhat cordate, margin obtusely serrate, both surfaces pubescent; petioles slender, 2-6 cm long, the upper part with distinct narrow wings. Pedicels slender; petals 5, purple or pale brown; hypanthium slender tubular. Capsules elliptical or 3-splitted; seeds numerous, pale brown. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and sticky.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品叶横切面：上表皮细胞较大，切向延长，外壁较厚，内壁黏液化，常膨胀呈半圆形；下表皮细胞较小，偶有黏液细胞；上、下表皮有单细胞非腺毛，长32～240μm，直径24～32μm，具角质短线纹。栅栏细胞2～3列；海绵细胞类圆形，含草酸钙簇晶，直径11～40μm。主脉维管束外韧型，上、下表皮内方有厚角细胞1～2列。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加热水10ml，搅拌使溶解，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫花地丁对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10μl、对照药材溶液5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（5：3：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显3个相同颜色的荧光主斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用无水乙醇作溶剂，不得少于1.9%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent,not less than 1.9 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫花地丁 Tokyo Violet Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切碎，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, cut into pieces, and dry.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肝经。
Heart and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，凉血消肿。
To clear heat, remove toxin, cool the blood, and disperse swelling.

主治 Indications

用于疔疮肿毒，痈疽发背，丹毒，毒蛇咬伤。
Deep-rooted boil and sore, swelling and toxin, abscesses and cellulitis, carbuncle of the back, erysipelas, and bites of viper.

用量 Dosage

15～30g。
15-30 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.