紫萁贯众

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为紫萁科植物紫萁Osmunda japonica Thunb.的干燥根茎和叶柄残基。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，晒干。
Osmunda Rhizome is the dried rhizome and leaf stalk residue of Osmunda japonica Thunb. (Fam. Osmundaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, the rootlets removed, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品略呈圆锥形或圆柱形，稍弯曲，长10～20cm，直径3～6cm。根茎横生或斜生，下侧着生黑色而硬的细根；上侧密生叶柄残基，叶柄基部呈扁圆形，斜向上，长4～6cm，直径0.2~0.5cm，表面棕色或棕黑色，切断面有“U”形筋脉纹（维管束），常与皮部分开。质硬，不易折断。气微，味甘、微涩。
Rhizomes slightly conical or cylindrical, slightly curved, 10-20cm long, 3-6cm in diameter. Rhizomes horizontally or obliquely growing, lower side bearing black and hard fine roots; upper side densely covered with leaf stalk residue, leaf stalk base flattened and round, obliquely upward, 4-6cm long, 0.2-0.5cm in diameter, surface brown or brown-black, cut surface with "U"-shaped vascular bundles, often separated from the cortex. Texture hard, not easily broken. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）叶柄基部横切面∶表皮黄色，多脱落。下皮为10余列棕色厚壁细胞组成的环带。内皮层明显。周韧维管束“U”形，韧皮部有红棕色的分泌细胞散在；木质部管胞聚集8～11群，呈半圆形排列；维管束凹入侧有厚壁组织。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（1）Transverse section of leaf stalk base: epidermis yellow, often exfoliating. Subepidermis forming a ring composed of more than 10 rows of brown thick-walled cells. Endodermis distinct. Vascular bundles "U"-shaped, phloem containing scattered reddish-brown secretory cells; xylem cells forming 8-11 groups, arranged in a semi-circular pattern; vascular bundles with thick-walled tissue on the concave side. Thin-walled cells containing starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末3g，加含1%盐酸的稀乙醇50ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水30ml使溶解，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，用水洗涤至中性，蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯5ml使溶解，加于硅胶柱（160～200目，2g，内径为1.8cm，干法装柱）上，用乙酸乙酯10ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫萁酮对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（6∶4∶0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 3g of the powder add 50ml of ethanol containing 1% hydrochloric acid, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 30ml of water. Extract with two 20ml portions of ethyl acetate, combine the ethyl acetate extracts, wash with water until neutral, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 5ml of ethyl acetate, apply to a silica gel column (160-200 mesh, 2g, 1.8cm in internal diameter, dry-packed column), elute with 10ml of ethyl acetate, collect the eluate, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve osmundone CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.2mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90°C), ethyl acetate and formic acid (6:4:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254nm. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略泡，洗净，润透，切片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃、肝经。
Lung, stomach, and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，止血，杀虫。
To clear heat and detoxify, stop bleeding, and kill parasites.

主治 Indications

用于疫毒感冒，热毒泻痢，痈疮肿毒，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，虫积腹痛。
Used for epidemic toxic cold, heat-toxic diarrhea, carbuncle and swelling, vomiting blood, nosebleed, blood in stool, irregular menstruation, and abdominal pain due to worm accumulation.

用量 Dosage

5～9g。
5-9g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。
Slightly toxic.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

紫萁贯众

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为紫萁科植物紫萁Osmunda japonica Thunb.的干燥根茎和叶柄残基。春、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，晒干。
Japanese Osmunda Rhizome is the dried rhizome and frond bases of Osmunda japonica Thunb. and (Fam. Osmundaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, washed clean, removed from fibrous root, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品略呈圆锥形或圆柱形，稍弯曲，长10～20cm，直径3～6cm。根茎横生或斜生，下侧着生黑色而硬的细根；上侧密生叶柄残基，叶柄基部呈扁圆形，斜向上，长4～6cm，直径0.2～0.5cm，表面棕色或棕黑色，切断面有“U”形筋脉纹（维管束），常与皮部分开。质硬，不易折断。气微，味甘、微涩。
Conical or cylindrical, slightly curved, 10-20 cm long, 3-6 cm in diameter. Rhizome diageotropic or obliquely grown, bearing black and hard fine roots at the lower side, densely covered remains of frond bases at the upper side. Frond bases oblate, obliquely upward, 4-6 cm long, 0.2-0.5 cm in diameter, externally brown or brownish-black, cut surface showing U-shaped meristeles which often detached from the outside tissues. Texture hard, uneasily broken. Odour, slight; taste sweet and slightly astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）叶柄基部横切面：表皮黄色，多脱落。下皮为10余列棕色厚壁细胞组成的环带。内皮层明显。周韧维管束“U”形，韧皮部有红棕色的分泌细胞散在；木质部管胞聚集8～11群，呈半圆形排列；维管束凹入侧有厚壁组织。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末3g，加含1%盐酸的稀乙醇50ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水30ml使溶解，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，用水洗涤至中性，蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯5ml使溶解，加于硅胶柱（160～200目，2g，内径为1.8cm，干法装柱）上，用乙酸乙酯10ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取紫萁酮对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（6：4：0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

紫萁 Japanese Osmunda

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略泡，洗净，润透，切片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matters, soak briefly, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into slices, and dry.

性 Property

微寒。
Mild cold.

味 Flavor

苦、微涩。
Bitter and slightly astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃、肝经。
Lung, stomach, and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，止血，杀虫。
To clear heat, remove toxin, stanch bleeding, and kill worms.

主治 Indications

用于疫毒感冒，热毒泻痢，痈疮肿毒，吐血，衄血，便血，崩漏，虫积腹痛。
Indicated for flu, heat-toxin diarrhea and dysentery, abscess, sore, swelling and toxin, hematemesis, epistaxis, bloody stool, menstrual flooding and spotting, and abdominal pain caused by worm accumulation.

用量 Dosage

5～9g。
5-9 g.

用法 Administration

无特殊要求。
No special requirements.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.