猪牙皂

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的干燥不育果实。秋季采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal) is the dried abnormal fruit of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in autumn, freed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，略扁而弯曲，长5～11cm，宽0.7～1.5cm。表面紫棕色或紫褐色，被灰白色蜡质粉霜，擦去后有光泽，并有细小的疣状突起和线状或网状的裂纹。顶端有鸟喙状花柱残基，基部具果梗残痕。质硬而脆，易折断，断面棕黄色，中间疏松，有淡绿色或淡棕黄色的丝状物，偶有发育不全的种子。气微，有刺激性，味先甜而后辣。
Fruits cylindrical, slightly flattened and curved, 5-11cm long, 0.7-1.5cm wide; surface purple-brown or purple-brown, covered with grayish-white waxy powder, lustrous after wiping, with small wart-like projections and linear or reticulate cracks. Apex with the remains of a beak-shaped style, base with the remains of a fruit stalk. Texture hard and brittle, easily broken; fracture yellowish-brown, spongy in the middle, with pale green or pale brownish-yellow filaments, occasionally with undeveloped seeds. Odour, slight; taste, sweet at first, then pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。石细胞众多，类圆形、长圆形或形状不规则，直径15～53μm。纤维大多成束，直径10～25μm，壁微木化，周围细胞含草酸钙方晶和少数簇晶，形成晶纤维；纤维束旁常伴有类方形厚壁细胞。草酸钙方晶长6～15μm；簇晶直径6～14μm。木化薄壁细胞甚多，纹孔和孔沟明显。果皮表皮细胞红棕色，表面观类多角形，壁较厚，表面可见颗粒状角质纹理。
（1）The powder is brownish-yellow. Numerous stone cells are mostly circular, elongated, or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 15-53μm. Fibers mostly occur in bundles, with a diameter of 10-25μm, slightly lignified walls, and peripheral cells containing calcium oxalate prisms and a few cluster crystals, forming crystal fibers; beside the fiber bundles, there are often thick-walled cells of square or rectangular shape. Calcium oxalate prisms are 6-15μm long; cluster crystals have a diameter of 6-14μm. There are many lignified thin-walled cells, and the pits and pits are obvious. The epidermal cells of the fruit peel are reddish-brown, and the surface appears polygonal, with a thicker wall and granular horny texture visible on the surface.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇8ml，加热回流5分钟，放冷，滤过。取滤液0.5ml，置小瓷皿中，蒸干，放冷，加醋酐3滴，搅匀，沿皿壁加硫酸2滴，渐显红紫色。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 8ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 5 minutes, cool, and filter. Take 0.5ml of the filtrate, place it in a small porcelain dish, evaporate to dryness, cool, add 3 drops of acetic anhydride, stir well, add 2 drops of sulfuric acid along the wall of the dish, and gradually show a reddish-purple color.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加水10ml，煮沸10分钟，滤过，滤液强烈振摇，即产生持久的泡沫（持续15分钟以上）。
（3）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of water, boil for 10 minutes, filter, and vigorously shake the filtrate to produce persistent foam (lasting for more than 15 minutes).

（4）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，加乙酸乙酯10ml振摇提取，取乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取猪牙皂对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl,分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水-冰醋酸（18︰1︰0.6︰0.2）的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（4）Take 1g of the powder, add 10ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10ml of water, extract with 10ml of ethyl acetate, take the ethyl acetate solution, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal), prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> using silica gel G as the coating substance and a lower layer solution of chloroform-methanol-water-acetic acid (18:1:0.6:0.2) as the mobile phase. Apply 10μl of each of the above two solutions separately to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

猪牙皂 Gleditsia Fruit (Abnormal)

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，晒干。用时捣碎。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, dry in the sun. Crush before use.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、咸。
Pungent and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、大肠经。
Lung and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

祛痰开窍，散结消肿。
To resolve phlegm, open the orifices, disperse nodules, and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于中风口噤，昏迷不醒，癫痫痰盛，关窍不通，喉痹痰阻，顽痰喘咳，咯痰不爽，大便燥结；外治痈肿。
Used for stroke with locked jaw, coma with unresponsiveness, epilepsy with excessive phlegm, obstruction of the orifices, throat impediment with phlegm obstruction, stubborn phlegm with wheezing and coughing, uncomfortable expectoration, and dry stool; externally for treating carbuncles and swelling.

用量 Dosage

1～1.5g。外用适量。
1-1.5g. For external use, apply an appropriate amount.

用法 Administration

多入丸散用。研末吹鼻取嚏或研末调敷患处。
Often used in pill or powder form. Powder to induce sneezing or apply the powder to the affected area.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。孕妇及咯血、吐血患者禁用。
Slightly toxic. Not to be used by pregnant women, patients with hemoptysis or hematemesis.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protected from moth.

猪牙皂

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物皂荚Gleditsia sinensis Lam.的干燥不育果实。秋季采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Chinese Honeylocust Abnormal Fruit is the dried sterile fruit of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. (Fam. Leguminosae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from foreign matter, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，略扁而弯曲，长5～11cm，宽0.7～1.5cm。表面紫棕色或紫褐色，被灰白色蜡质粉霜，擦去后有光泽，并有细小的疣状突起和线状或网状的裂纹。顶端有鸟喙状花柱残基，基部具果梗残痕。质硬而脆，易折断，断面棕黄色，中间疏松，有淡绿色或淡棕黄色的丝状物，偶有发育不全的种子。气微，有刺激性，味先甜而后辣。
Cylindrical, somewhat flattened and curved, 5-11 cm long, 0.7-1.5 cm wide. Externally purplish-brown, covered with greyish-white, waxy, frost-like powders, lustrous after rubbed away, and with fine warts and linear or reticulated fissures. Apex with a beak-shaped remain of stylopod, base with a scar of fruit stalk. Texture hard and fragile, easily broken; fracture brownish-yellow, lax in the centre, with pale green or brownish-yellow filiform substances, occasionally bearing incomplete grown seeds. Odour, slight and irritating; taste, sweet then pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。石细胞众多，类圆形、长圆形或形状不规则，直径15～53μm。纤维大多成束，直径10～25μm，壁微木化，周围细胞含草酸钙方晶和少数簇晶，形成晶纤维；纤维束旁常伴有类方形厚壁细胞。草酸钙方晶长6～15μm；簇晶直径6～14μm。木化薄壁细胞甚多，纹孔和孔沟明显。果皮表皮细胞红棕色，表面观类多角形，壁较厚，表面可见颗粒状角质纹理。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醇8ml，加热回流5分钟，放冷，滤过。取滤液0.5ml，置小瓷皿中，蒸干，放冷，加醋酐3滴，搅匀，沿皿壁加硫酸2滴，渐显红紫色。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

饮片 Prepared slices

猪牙皂 Chinese Honeylocust

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，晒干。用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash and dry in the sun. Break to pieces before use.

性 Property

辛、咸，温；有小毒。
Warm; pungent, salty; slightly toxic.

味 Flavor

先甜而后辣。
Sweet then pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、大肠经。
Lung and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

祛痰开窍，散结消肿。
To dispel phlegm, open the orifices, dissipate binds, and relieve swelling.

主治 Indications

用于中风口噤，昏迷不醒，癫痫痰盛，关窍不通，喉痹痰阻，顽痰喘咳，咯痰不爽，大便燥结；外治痈肿。
Wind-stroke with closed mouth, coma, epilepsy with exuberant phlegm, closed orifices, throat bi disorder caused by phlegm obstruction, dyspnea and cough caused by stubborn phlegm, ungratifying expectoration of phlegm, and dry stool binds. Topical application: swelling abscess.

用量 Dosage

1～1.5g，多入丸散用。外用适量，研末吹鼻取嚏或研末调敷患处。
1-1.5 g, usually used in pills or powder. Appropriate amount for topical application. Ground it into powder for blowing into nose to sneeze, or ground it into powder for applying to the affected area.

注意 Precautions

孕妇及咯血、吐血患者禁用。
Contraindicated during pregnancy, or in patients with hemoptysis or hematemesis.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.