根据《中国药典·2020年版·一部》记载：本品为牛科动物牛Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin的干燥胆结石。宰牛时，如发现有牛黄，即滤去胆汁，将牛黄取出，除去外部薄膜，阴干。
This product is the dried gallstones of the bovine animal Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin. During the slaughter of the cow, if gallstones are found, the bile is filtered out, the gallstones are removed, the outer membrane is removed, and then they are dried in the shade.

牛背鹭，中药名。为鹭科动物牛背鹭Bubulcusibis(Linnaeus)的肉。牛背鹭分布于长江流域以南各地。偶见于山东、北京及东北。具有益气补虚，托毒消肿之功效。常用于体虚羸瘦，痈肿疮毒。
Niu-bei-lu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Bubulcus ibis) refers to the meat of the cattle egret, a bird species belonging to the family Ardeidae. The cattle egret is distributed in various regions south of the Yangtze River, and is occasionally seen in Shandong, Beijing, and the northeast. It is believed to have the effects of invigorating qi, nourishing deficiency, and dispelling toxins and reducing swelling. It is commonly used for physical weakness and emaciation, as well as for carbuncles, swellings, and toxic sores.

牛至，中药名。为唇形科植物牛至OriganumvulgareL.的全草。具有解表，理气，清暑，利湿的功效。主治感冒发热，中暑，胸膈胀满，腹痛吐泻，痢疾，黄疸，水肿，带下，小儿疳积，麻疹，皮肤瘙痒，疮疡肿痛，跌打损伤。
Niu-zhi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Origanum vulgare L.) is the whole plant of the Labiatae plant Origanum vulgare L. It has the functions of releasing the exterior, regulating qi, clearing heat, and promoting diuresis. It is mainly used for treating fever due to cold, heatstroke, chest and diaphragm distention, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea, dysentery, jaundice, edema, leukorrhea, infantile malnutrition, measles, skin itching, and painful swelling of sores and injuries.

黄明胶，中药材名。为牛科动物黄牛BostaurusdomesticusGmelin的皮制成的胶。具有滋阴润燥，养血止血，活血消肿，解毒的功效。主治虚劳肺痿，咳嗽咯血，吐衄，崩漏，下痢便血，跌打损伤，痈疽疮毒，烧烫伤。
Gelatinum Bovis, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is a gelatin made from the skin of the domestic cattle (Bos taurus domesticus Gmelin). It has the effects of nourishing yin and moisturizing dryness, nourishing blood and stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation and reducing swelling, and detoxification. It is mainly used for treating deficiency and fatigue, pulmonary tuberculosis, coughing and hemoptysis, vomiting blood, menorrhagia, dysentery with bloody stool, bruises and injuries, carbuncles and sores, and burns and scalds.

牛大力，中药名。为豆科崖豆藤属植物美丽崖豆藤MillettiaspecisoaChamp.，以根入药。全年可采，以秋季挖根为佳。洗净，切片晒干或先蒸熟再晒。
Niu-da-li, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. s the root of Millettia speciosa Champ., a plant of the Fabaceae family. It can be harvested all year round, with the best time for digging the roots being in autumn. After washing, the roots should be sliced and dried in the sun, or steamed and then dried.

夜香牛，中药名。为菊科斑鸠属植物夜香牛Vernonia cinerea（L.）Less.的全草。具有疏风散热，凉血解毒，安神的功效。主治感冒发热，咳嗽，痢疾，黄疸型肝炎，神经衰弱；外用治痈疖肿毒，蛇咬伤。
Ye-xiang-niu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the whole plant of Vernonia cinerea (L.) Less., a plant of the Asteraceae family. It has the effects of dispersing wind and heat, cooling blood and detoxification, and calming the mind. It is used to treat fever, cough, dysentery, jaundice hepatitis, and neurasthenia. Externally, it is used to treat carbuncles, abscesses, swelling, and snake bites.

岩丸子，中药名。为秋海棠科植物柔毛秋海棠BegoniahenryiHemsl.的块茎。分布于湖北、四川、云南。具有活血消肿，止血，解毒利湿之功效。常用于跌打损伤，骨折，关节肿痛，咯血，尿血，红崩白带，淋证，狂犬咬伤。
Yan-wan-zi, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the tuber of Begonia henryi Hemsl., a plant of the family Begoniaceae, is distributed in Hubei, Sichuan, and Yunnan. It is known for its functions of promoting blood circulation, reducing swelling, stopping bleeding, detoxification, and promoting diuresis. It is commonly used for injuries from falls or blows, fractures, joint swelling and pain, hemoptysis, hematuria, metrorrhagia and leukorrhea, gonorrhea, and rabies bites.

牛白藤，中药名。为茜草科植物牛白藤HedyotishedyotideaDC.[Oldentandiahedyotidea(DC.)Hand.-Mazz.]的茎叶。牛白藤分布于广东、广西、云南。具有清热解毒之功效。常用于风热感冒，肺热咳嗽，中暑高热，肠炎，皮肤湿疹，带状疱疹，痈疮肿毒。
Niu-bai-teng, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the stems and leaves of the plant Hedyotis hedyotidea DC. [Oldenlandia hedyotidea (DC.) Hand.-Mazz.], a member of the Rubiaceae family. Niu-bai-teng is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces. It is known for its efficacy in clearing heat and detoxification. It is commonly used for wind-heat type of cold, lung-heat cough, heatstroke with high fever, enteritis, eczema, herpes zoster, and carbuncle.

牛白藤根，中药名。为茜草科植物牛白藤HedyotishedyotideaDC.的根。牛白藤分布于广东、广西、云南。具有凉血解毒，祛瘀消肿之功效。常用于风湿性腰腿痛，痈疮肿毒，跌打损伤，痔疮出血。
Niu-bai-teng-gen, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Root of Hedyotis hedotidea DC.), a traditional Chinese medicine, is the root of the plant Hedyotis hedotidea DC. of the Rubiaceae family. Niu-bai-teng is distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces. It is known for its functions of cooling blood, detoxification, promoting blood circulation, and reducing swelling. It is commonly used for rheumatic pain in the lower back and legs, abscesses, bruises, injuries from falls, and bleeding hemorrhoids.

牛泷草，中药名。为柳叶菜科植物露珠草CircaeacordataRoyle[C.cordiophyllaMakino]的全草。分布于东北、华北、华东、西南及陕西等地。具有清热解毒，止血生肌之功效。常用于疮痈肿毒，疥疮，外伤出血。
Niu-long-cao, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. 牛泷草). It is the whole plant of Circaea cordata Royle [C. cordiophylla Makino], a plant of the family Onagraceae. It is distributed in Northeast China, North China, East China, Southwest China, and Shaanxi. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, stopping bleeding, and promoting tissue regeneration. It is often used for carbuncles, swelling and toxicity, scabies, and external bleeding.