射干

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鸢尾科植物射干Belamcanda chinensis（L.）DC.的干燥根茎。春初刚发芽或秋末茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根和泥沙，干燥。
Belamcanda Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (Fam. Iridaceae). The drug is collected in spring when the shoots have just sprouted or in autumn when the stems and leaves have withered, removed from fibrous roots and sand, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则结节状，长3～10cm，直径1～2cm。表面黄褐色、棕褐色或黑褐色，皱缩，有较密的环纹。上面有数个圆盘状凹陷的茎痕，偶有茎基残存；下面有残留细根及根痕。质硬，断面黄色，颗粒性。气微，味苦、微辛。
Rhizomes irregularly nodular, 3-10 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter; externally yellowish-brown, brownish-brown, or blackish-brown, wrinkled, with relatively dense annulations. Upper surface with several circular depressed stem scars, occasionally with remnants of stem base; lower surface with remnants of fine roots and root scars. Texture hard, fracture yellow, granular. Odour, slight; taste, bitter and slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮有时残存。木栓细胞多列。皮层稀有叶迹维管束；内皮层不明显。中柱维管束为周木型和外韧型，靠外侧排列较紧密。薄壁组织中含有草酸钙柱晶、淀粉粒及油滴。
(1)Transverse section of the product:Epidermis sometimes remaining. Cork cells in multiple rows. Cortex rarely with leaf trace vascular bundles; endodermis indistinct. Central cylinder with both exarch and mesarch xylem, the latter more closely arranged toward the outer side. Thin-walled cells containing calcium oxalate prisms, starch grains, and oil droplets.

粉末橙黄色。草酸钙柱晶较多，棱柱形，多已破碎，完整者长49～240（315）μm，直径约至49μm。淀粉粒单粒圆形或椭圆形，直径2～17μm，脐点点状；复粒极少，由2～5分粒组成。薄壁细胞类圆形或椭圆形，壁稍厚或连珠状增厚，有单纹孔。木栓细胞棕色，垂周壁微波状弯曲，有的含棕色物。
Powder orange-yellow. Numerous calcium oxalate prisms, prismatic, mostly broken, complete ones measuring 49-240 (315) μm long and about 49 μm in diameter. Starch grains mostly single, round or elliptical, measuring 2-17 μm in diameter, with a point-like hilum; compound grains few, consisting of 2-5 components. Thin-walled cells mostly round or elliptical, walls slightly thickened or thickened in a bead-like manner, with simple pits. Cork cells brown, with slightly wavy tangential walls, some containing brown substances.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至1.5ml，作为供试品溶液。另取射干对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以三氯甲烷-丁酮-甲醇（3∶1∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2)To 1 g of the powder add 10 ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to 1.5 ml as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug, Belamcanda Rhizome, in the same manner as the test solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using polyamide film as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, butanone, and methanol (3:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of aluminium chloride in chloroform, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 18.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液（53∶47）为流动相；检测波长为266nm。理论板数按次野鸢尾黄素峰计算应不低于8000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (53:47) as the mobile phase; detect at the wavelength of 266 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated for the peak of irisolidone should not be less than 8000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取次野鸢尾黄素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含10μg的溶液，即得。
Accurately weigh an appropriate amount of irisolidone reference substance, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 10 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Accurately weigh about 0.1 g of the powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve), place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25 ml of methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, reweigh, make up the loss in weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液10～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately aspirate 10 μl of the reference solution and 10-20 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含次野鸢尾黄素（C20H18O8）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of irisolidone (C20H18O8) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

射干 Belamcanda Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则形或长条形的薄片。外表皮黄褐色、棕褐色或黑褐色，皱缩，可见残留的须根和须根痕，有的可见环纹。切面淡黄色或鲜黄色，具散在筋脉小点或筋脉纹，有的可见环纹。气微，味苦、微辛。
This product is in irregularly shaped or long thin slices. The outer skin is yellowish brown, brownish brown or blackish brown, wrinkled, with visible residual fibrous roots and fibrous root scars, some with visible annular lines. The cut surface is light yellow or bright yellow, with scattered sinewy dots or sinewy vein lines, some can be seen ring pattern. Gas faint, taste bitter, slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
(except cross sections)Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，消痰，利咽。
To clear heat, detoxify, resolve phlegm, and benefit the throat.

主治 Indications

用于热毒痰火郁结，咽喉肿痛，痰涎壅盛，咳嗽气喘。
For accumulation of heat-toxin and phlegm-fire in the throat, swelling and pain of the throat, excessive phlegm and saliva, cough and asthma.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.

射干

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鸢尾科植物射干Belamcanda chinensis （L.）DC.的干燥根茎。春初刚发芽或秋末茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根和泥沙，干燥。
Blackberrylily Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Belamcanda chinensis (L.) DC. (Fam. Iridaceae). The drug is collected in early spring while the plant budding or in late autumn while the aerial part withering, removed from the fibrous roots and soil, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则结节状，长3～10cm，直径1～2cm。表面黄褐色、棕褐色或黑褐色，皱缩，有较密的环纹。上面有数个圆盘状凹陷的茎痕，偶有茎基残存；下面有残留细根及根痕。质硬，断面黄色，颗粒性。气微，味苦、微辛。
Irregularly nodular, 3-10 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-brown, dark brown or blackish-brown, shrunken, with abundantly annular stria-tions. Several dish-shaped and sunken stem scars occurring at the upper part, stem bases remained occasionally; remains of thin roots and root scars occurring at the lower part. Texture hard, fracture yellow, granular. Odour, slight; taste, bitter and slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮有时残存。木栓细胞多列。皮层稀有叶迹维管束；内皮层不明显。中柱维管束为周木型和外韧型，靠外侧排列较紧密。薄壁组织中含有草酸钙柱晶、淀粉粒及油滴。粉末橙黄色。草酸钙柱晶较多，棱柱形，多已破碎，完整者长49～240（315）μm，直径约至49μm。淀粉粒单粒圆形或椭圆形，直径2～17μm，脐点点状；复粒极少，由2～5分粒组成。薄壁细胞类圆形或椭圆形，壁稍厚或连珠状增厚，有单纹孔。木栓细胞棕色，垂周壁微波状弯曲，有的含棕色物。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液浓缩至1.5ml，作为供试品溶液。另取射干对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1μl，分别点于同一聚酰胺薄膜上，以三氯甲烷-丁酮-甲醇（3：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于18.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as solvant, not less than 18.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.2%磷酸溶液（53：47）为流动相；检测波长为266nm。理论板数按次野鸢尾黄素峰计算应不低于8000。
Use octa-decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 0.2% solution of phosphoric acid (53 : 47) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 266 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 8000, calculated with reference to the peak of irisflorentin.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取次野鸢尾黄素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含10μg的溶液，即得。
Weigh accurately a quantity of irisflo-rentin CRS, dissolve in methanol to produce a solution containing 10 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Weigh accurately 0.1 g of the powder (through No. 4 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25 ml of methanol and weigh. Heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with methanol, mix well, filter and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液10～20μl注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately inject 10 μl of the reference solution and 10-20 μl of the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含次野鸢尾黄素（C20H18O8）不得少于0.10%。
It contains not less than 0.10 per cent of the irisflorentin (C20H18O8), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

射干 Blackberrylily

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦、微辛。
Bitter and slightly pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，消痰，利咽。
To clear heat, remove toxin, resolve phlegm, and soothe the throat.

主治 Indications

用于热毒痰火郁结，咽喉肿痛，痰涎壅盛，咳嗽气喘。
Constraint heat-toxin and phlegm-fire, swollen sore throat, excessive phlegm and saliva, cough and wheezing.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.