南沙参

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桔梗科植物轮叶沙参Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.)Fisch.或沙参Adenophora stricta Miq.的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，除去须根，洗后趁鲜刮去粗皮，洗净，干燥。
Adenophorae Radix is the dried root of Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch. or Adenophora stricta Miq. (Fam. Campanulaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from rootlets, washed clean, scraped off the rough bark while fresh, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆锥形或圆柱形，略弯曲，长7～27cm，直径0.8～3cm。表面黄白色或淡棕黄色，凹陷处常有残留粗皮，上部多有深陷横纹，呈断续的环状，下部有纵纹和纵沟。顶端具1或2个根茎。体轻，质松泡，易折断，断面不平坦，黄白色，多裂隙。气微，味微甘。
Roots conical or cylindrical, slightly curved, 7-27 cm long, 0.8-3 cm in diameter; surface yellowish-white or pale brownish-yellow, with concave remnants of coarse bark, upper part with deep transverse furrows, appearing as interrupted annular ridges, lower part with longitudinal ridges and furrows. Apex with 1 or 2 rootstocks. Light in weight, spongy in texture, easily broken, fracture uneven, yellowish-white, with numerous fissures. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰黄色。木栓石细胞类长方形、长条形、类椭圆形、类多边形，长18～155μm，宽18～61μm，有的垂周壁连珠状增厚。有节乳管常连接成网状。菊糖结晶扇形、类圆形或不规则形。
(1)The powder is greyish-yellow. Stone cells of cork type are rectangular, elongated, elliptical or polygonal, measuring 18-155 μm in length and 18-61 μm in width, some with thickened walls in rows along the tangential wall. Laticiferous vessels often connected into a reticulate pattern. Inulin crystals fan-shaped, circular or irregular.

（2）取本品粗粉2g，加水20ml，置水浴中加热10分钟，滤过。取滤液2ml，加5%α-荼酚乙醇溶液2～3滴，摇匀，沿管壁缓缓加入硫酸0.5ml，两液接界处即显紫红色环。另取滤液2ml，加碱性酒石酸铜试液4～5滴，置水浴中加热5分钟，生成红棕色沉淀。
(2)To 2 g of the coarse powder add 20 ml of water, heat under reflux for 10 minutes, and filter. Take 2 ml of the filtrate, add 2-3 drops of 5% solution of α-naphthol in ethanol, shake well, and add slowly 0.5 ml of sulfuric acid along the tube wall, a purple-red ring appears at the junction of the two liquids. Take another 2 ml of the filtrate, add 4-5 drops of copper tartrate TS, heat under reflux for 5 minutes, and a reddish-brown precipitate is produced.

（3）取本品粉末2g，加入二氯甲烷60ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加二氯甲烷1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取南沙参对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取蒲公英萜酮对照品，加二氯甲烷制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各5μ1，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-丙酮-甲酸（25∶1∶0.05）为展开剂，置用展开剂预饱和20分钟的展开缸内，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(3)To 2 g of the powder add 60 ml of methylene chloride, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methylene chloride as the test solution. Take 2 g of the reference drug Adenophora tetraphylla and prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Take the reference substance of Taraxasterol, add methylene chloride to produce a solution containing 0.2 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane-acetone-formic acid (25:1:0.05) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 2% solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 30.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

南沙参 Adenophorae Radix

炮制 Processing

除去根茎，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Remove rootstocks, wash clean, soak until thoroughly wet, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈圆形、类圆形或不规则形厚片。外表皮黄白色或淡棕黄色，切面黄白色，有不规则裂隙。气微，味微甘。
This product is in the form of round, round-like or irregularly shaped thick slices. The outer skin is yellowish-white or light brownish-yellow, and the cut surface is yellowish-white with irregular fissures. It has a slight odour and a slightly sweet taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃经。
Lung and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

养阴清肺，益胃生津，化痰，益气。
To nourish yin and clear the lung, invigorate the stomach and generate fluids, transform phlegm, and invigorate qi.

主治 Indications

用于肺热燥咳，阴虚劳嗽，干咳痰黏，胃阴不足，食少呕吐，气阴不足，烦热口干。
For cough due to lung heat and dryness, cough due to yin deficiency and fatigue, dry cough with sticky phlegm, insufficient stomach yin, poor appetite and vomiting, insufficient qi and yin, and restlessness and dry mouth.

用量 Dosage

9～15 g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

不宜与藜芦同用。
Not to be used with Herba Chenopodii.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place, protected from moth.

南沙参

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桔梗科植物轮叶沙参Adenophora tetraphylla（Thunb.）Fisch 或沙参Adenophora stricta Miq. 的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，除去须根，洗后趁鲜刮去粗皮，洗净，干燥。
Fourleaf Ladybell Root is the dried root of Adenophora tetraphylla (Thunb.) Fisch, or Adenophora stricta Miq. (Fam. Campanulaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from rootlet, washed, deprived of the coarse bark while still fresh, washed again, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆锥形或圆柱形，略弯曲，长7～27cm，直径0.8～3cm。表面黄白色或淡棕黄色，凹陷处常有残留粗皮，上部多有深陷横纹，呈断续的环状，下部有纵纹和纵沟。顶端具1或2个根茎。体轻，质松泡，易折断，断面不平坦，黄白色，多裂隙。气微，味微甘。
Conical or cylindrical, slightly curved, 7-27 cm long, 0. 8-3 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-white or pale brownish-yellow, usually exhibiting patches of bark in depressions, mostly with deeply depressed transverse striations appearing interrupted-annulated at the upper part and with longitudinal striations and furrows at the lower part Apex bearing one or two rhizomes. Texture light and spongy, easily broken, fracture uneven, yellowish-white, much cleft Odour, slight； taste, sweetish.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰黄色。木栓石细胞类长方形、长条形、类椭圆形、类多边形，长18～155μm，宽18～61μm，有的垂周壁连珠状增厚。有节乳管常连接成网状。菊糖结晶扇形、类圆形或不规则形。
（2）取本品粗粉2g，加水20ml，置水浴中加热10分钟，滤过。取滤液2ml，加5%α-萘酚乙醇溶液2～3滴，摇匀，沿管壁缓缓加入硫酸0.5ml，两液接界处即显紫红色环。另取滤液2ml，加碱性酒石酸铜试液4～5滴，置水浴中加热5分钟，生成红棕色沉淀。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201 , the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 30.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

南沙参 Fourleaf Ladybell Root

炮制 Processing

除去根茎，洗净，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Remove from rhizomes, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

本品呈圆形、类圆形或不规则形厚片。外表皮黄白色或淡棕黄色，切面黄白色，有不规则裂隙。气微，味微甘。
In rounded, subrounded, or irregular thick slices. Externally yellowish-white or light brownish-yellow, cut surface yellowish-white, with irregular fissures. Odour, slight； taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

【检查】 【浸出物】 同药材。
Identification, Water, Total ash, Acid-insoluble ash and Extractives As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

甘，微寒。
Mild cold； sweet.

味 Flavor

微甘。
Slightly sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、胃经。
Lung and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

养阴清肺，益胃生津，化痰，益气。
To nourish yin, clear heat, boost the stomach, engender fluid, resolve phlegm, and tonify qi.

主治 Indications

用于肺热燥咳，阴虚劳嗽，干咳痰黏，胃阴不足，食少呕吐，气阴不足，烦热口干。
Lung-heat dry cougher cough caused by yin consumptive disease, manifested as dry cough with greasy phlegm； stomach yin deficiency, reduced food intake； vomiting； deficiency of qi and yin, heat vexation and dry mouth.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与藜芦同用。
Incompatible with Veratri Nigri Radix et Rhizoma.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.