山慈菇

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为兰科植物杜鹃兰Cremastra appendiculata（D.Don）Makino、独蒜兰Pleione bulbocodioides（Franch.）Rolfe或云南独蒜兰Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe的干燥假鳞茎。前者习称“毛慈菇”，后二者习称“冰球子”。夏、秋二季采挖，除去地上部分及泥沙，分开大小置沸水锅中蒸煮至透心，干燥。
Cremastreae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus is the dried pseudobulb of Cremastra appendiculata (D.Don) Makino, Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe or Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe (Fam. Orchidaceae). The former is commonly known as "Mao Cigu", and the latter two are commonly known as "Bing Qiuzi". It is collected in summer and autumn, removed from the above-ground part and mud, and steamed in boiling water until thoroughly cooked, then dried.

性状 Description

毛慈菇 呈不规则扁球形或圆锥形，顶端渐突起，基部有须根痕。长1.8～3cm，膨大部直径1～2cm。表面黄棕色或棕褐色，有纵皱纹或纵沟，中部有2～3条微突起的环节，节上有鳞片叶干枯腐烂后留下的丝状纤维。质坚硬，难折断，断面灰白色或黄白色，略呈角质。气微，味淡，带黏性。
Mao Cigu is irregularly flattened or conical, with a gradually protruding top and a base with root scars. It is 1.8-3cm long and 1-2cm in diameter at the swollen part. The surface is yellow-brown or brownish-brown, with longitudinal wrinkles or grooves, and 2-3 slightly protruding nodes in the middle. There are filamentous fibers left by the scales after they dry and rot on the nodes. It is hard and difficult to break, with a gray-white or yellow-white section, slightly horny. It has a slight odor, a mild taste, and a sticky texture.

冰球子 呈圆锥形，瓶颈状或不规则团块，直径1～2cm，高1.5～2.5cm。顶端渐尖，尖端断头处呈盘状，基部膨大且圆平，中央凹入，有1～2条环节，多偏向一侧。撞去外皮者表面黄白色，带表皮者浅棕色，光滑，有不规则皱纹。断面浅黄色，角质半透明。
Bing Qiuzi is conical, bottle-necked or irregularly shaped, with a diameter of 1-2cm and a height of 1.5-2.5cm. The top is gradually pointed, and the broken head at the top is disc-shaped. The base is swollen and round, with a central depression and 1-2 nodes, mostly inclined to one side. The surface is yellowish-white when the outer skin is removed, and light brown when the skin is present, smooth, with irregular wrinkles. The section is light yellow and the horny is translucent.

鉴别 Identification

本品横切面：毛慈菇 最外层为一层扁平的表皮细胞，其内有2～3列细胞，壁稍厚，浅黄色，再向内为大的类圆形薄壁细胞，含黏液质，并含有淀粉粒。近表皮处的薄壁细胞中含有草酸钙针晶束，长70～150μm。维管束散在，外韧型。
冰球子 表皮细胞切向延长，淀粉粒存在于较小的薄壁细胞中，维管束鞘纤维半月形，偶有两半月形。

饮片 Prepared Slices

山慈菇 Cremastreae Pseudobulbus Pleiones Pseudobulbus

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，水浸约1小时，润透，切薄片，干燥或洗净干燥，用时捣碎。
Remove impurities, soak in water for about 1 hour, moisten until soft, cut into thin slices, dry or wash and dry, crush before use.

性 Properties

凉。
Cool.

味 Flavour

甘、微辛。
Sweet and slightly pungent in taste.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
It enters the Liver and Spleen meridians.

功能 Functions

清热解毒，化痰散结。
Clears heat and detoxifies, transforms phlegm and disperses nodules.

主治 Indications

用于痈肿疔毒，瘰疬痰核，蛇虫咬伤，癥瘕痞块。
Used for carbuncles, swelling and sores, scrofula and phlegm nodules, snake and insect bites, and abdominal masses.

用量 Dosage

3-9g.

用法 Usage

External use appropriate amount.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

山慈菇

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为兰科植物杜鹃兰Gremastra appendiculata（D.Don）Makino、独蒜兰Pleione bulbocodioides（Franch.）Rolfe或云南独蒜兰Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe的干燥假鳞茎。前者习称“毛慈菇”，后二者习称“冰球子”。夏、秋二季采挖，除去地上部分及泥沙，分开大小置沸水锅中蒸煮至透心，干燥。
Appendiculate Cremastra Pseudobulb or Common Pleione Pseudobulb is the dried pseudobulb of Cremastra appendiculata (D. Don) Makino, Pleione bulbocodioides (Franch.) Rolfe or Pleione yunnanensis Rolfe (Fam. Orchidaceae). The former is known as "Maocigu", and the latter two are known as "Bingqiuzi". The drug is collected in summer and autumn, removed from the aerial part and soil, sorted according to size, steamed thoroughly with boiling water, and dried.

性状 Description

本品茎呈圆柱形，上部多分枝，长30～80cm，直径0.2～0.6cm表面黄绿色或棕黄色，具纵棱线；质略硬，易折断，断面中部有髓。叶互生，暗绿色或棕绿色，卷缩易碎，完整者展平后为三回羽状深裂，裂片和小裂片矩圆形或长椭圆形，两面被短毛。气香特异，味微苦。
Maocigu: Irregularly oblate or conical, top gradually protruding, base with rootlet scars, 1.8-3 cm long, the swollen part 1-2 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-brown or brown, with longitudinal wrinkles and furrows, and exhibiting 2-3 slightly prominent and ringed nodes with remainings of some filiform fibres, derived from the withering and decaying scaly leaves. Texture hard, not easily broken, fracture greyish-white or yellowish-white, slightly horny. Odour, slight; taste, weak and sticky.

鉴别 Identification

本品横切面：毛慈菇 最外层为一层扁平的表皮细胞，其内有2～3列细胞，壁稍厚，浅黄色，再向内为大的类圆形薄壁细胞，含黏液质，并含有淀粉粒。近表皮处的薄壁细胞中含有草酸钙针晶束，长70～150μm。维管束散在，外韧型。
冰球子 表皮细胞切向延长，淀粉粒存在于较小的薄壁细胞中，维管束鞘纤维半月形，偶有两半月形。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用无水乙醇作溶剂，不得少于1.9%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using anhydrous ethanol as the solvent,not less than 1.9 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

山慈菇 Maocigu

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，稍润，切段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, spray with water, soften briefly, cut into sections, and dry.

性 Property

甘、微辛。
Sweet, mild pungent.

味 Flavor

凉。
Cool.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，化痰散结。
To clear heat, remove toxin, resolve phlegm, and dissipate binds.

主治 Indications

用于痈肿疔毒，瘰疬痰核，蛇虫咬伤，㿂瘕痞块。
Swelling abscess, deep-rooted boils, scrofula and phlegm nodule, bites of insect, worm or snake, abdominal masses, and glomus.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。外用适量。
3-9 g. Appropriate amount for topical application.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.