炮姜

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为干姜的炮制加工品。
Prepared Ginger Rhizome is the processed product of dried ginger.

炮制 Processing

取干姜，照炒法（通则0213）用砂烫至鼓起，表面棕褐色。
Take dried ginger, stir-fry it according to the method of stir-frying (General Rule 0213) until it swells and the surface turns brown.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则膨胀的块状，具指状分枝。表面棕黑色或棕褐色。质轻泡，断面边缘处显棕黑色，中心棕黄色，细颗粒性，维管束散在。气香、特异，味微辛、辣。
Prepared Ginger Rhizome is irregularly expanded and block-shaped, with finger-like branches. The surface is dark brown or brownish-brown. The texture is light and spongy, with the edge of the section appearing dark brown and the center appearing brownish-yellow. It has a granular texture and scattered vascular bundles. It has a characteristic aromatic odor and a slightly spicy taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕褐色。淀粉粒众多，长卵圆形、三角状卵形、椭圆形、类圆形或不规则形，直径5～40μm，脐点点状，位于较小端，也有呈裂缝状者，层纹有的明显。偶见糊化淀粉粒团块。油细胞和树脂细胞散于薄壁组织中，内含淡黄色油滴或暗红棕色物质。纤维成束或散离，先端钝尖，少数分叉，有的一边呈波状或锯齿状，直径15～40μm，壁稍厚，非木化，具斜细纹孔，常可见菲薄的横隔。梯纹导管、螺纹导管及网纹导管多见，少数为环纹导管，直径15～70μm。导管或纤维旁有时可见内含暗红棕色物的管状细胞，直径12～20μm。
(1) The powder of Prepared Ginger Rhizome is brownish-brown. There are many starch grains, which are long-ovate, triangular-ovate, elliptical, round or irregular in shape, with a diameter of 5-40μm. The hilum is dot-shaped and located at the smaller end. Some starch grains have cracks, and some have obvious layering. Occasionally, there are agglomerates of gelatinized starch grains. Oil cells and resin cells are scattered in the thin-walled tissue, containing pale yellow oil droplets or dark reddish-brown substances. Fibers are bundled or separated, with blunt tips at the ends, a few branches, and some have a wavy or serrated edge. The diameter is 15-40μm, the wall is slightly thick, non-lignified, with oblique pits, and thin transverse septa are often visible. Ladder-shaped vessels, spiral vessels, and reticulate vessels are common, and a few are annular vessels with a diameter of 15-70μm. Sometimes, tube-like cells containing dark reddish-brown substances can be seen beside vessels or fibers, with a diameter of 12-20μm.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙酸乙酯20ml，超声处理10分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取6-姜辣素对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯（2∶1∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以香草醛硫酸试液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 2g of the powder, add 20ml of ethyl acetate, and sonicate for 10 minutes. Filter and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take 6-gingerol CRS, add ethyl acetate to make a solution containing 0.5mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C), chloroform, and ethyl acetate(2:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 6 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于26.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, not less than 26.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-甲醇-水（40∶5∶55）为流动相；检测波长为280nm。理论板数按6-姜辣素峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-methanol-water (40:5:55) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 280nm. The theoretical number of plates calculated based on the peak of 6-gingerol should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取6-姜辣素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of 6-gingerol reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.25g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇20ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率100W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.25g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20ml of 50% methanol, weigh, subject to ultrasonic treatment (power 100W, frequency 40kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液8μl与供试品溶液20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 8μl of the reference solution and 20μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含6-姜辣素（C17H26O4）不得少于0.30%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of 6-gingerol (C17H26O4) should not be less than 0.30%.

性 Property

热。
Hot.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃、肾经。
Belongs to the spleen, stomach, and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

温经止血，温中止痛。
Warm the meridians and stop bleeding, warm the middle and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于阳虚失血，吐衄崩漏，脾胃虚寒，腹痛吐泻。
Used for deficiency of yang with bleeding, vomiting, flooding, spleen and stomach deficiency cold, abdominal pain, and diarrhea.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

同干姜。
Same as dried ginger.

炮姜

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为干姜的炮制加工品。
Prepared Dried Ginger is prepared from the Zingiberis Rhizoma.

制法 Procedure

取干姜，照烫法（通则0213）用砂烫至鼓起，表面棕褐色。
Scald the dried Ginger with sand<0213>until it becomes inflated and brown externally.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则膨胀的块状，具指状分枝。表面棕黑色或棕褐色。质轻泡，断面边缘处显棕黑色，中心棕黄色，细颗粒性，维管束散在。气香、特异，味微辛、辣。
Irregular inflated pieces with fingered branches. Externally brownish black or brown. Texture light and loose, fracture brownish-black at the margin, brownish-yellow in the inner part, fine granular, vascular bundles scattered. Odour, aromatic and characteristic; taste, slight pungent.

鉴别 Identification

(1) 本品粉末 Powder

本品粉末棕褐色。淀粉粒众多，长卵圆形、三角状卵形、椭圆形、类圆形或不规则形，直径5～40μm，脐点点状，位于较小端，也有呈裂缝状者，层纹有的明显。偶见糊化淀粉粒团块。油细胞和树脂细胞散于薄壁组织中，内含淡黄色油滴或暗红棕色物质。纤维成束或散离，先端钝尖，少数分叉，有的一边呈波状或锯齿状，直径15～40μm，壁稍厚，非木化，具斜细纹孔，常可见菲薄的横隔。梯纹导管、螺纹导管及网纹导管多见，少数为环纹导管，直径15～70μm。导管或纤维旁有时可见内含暗红棕色物的管状细胞，直径12～20μm。
Powder: Brown. Starch granules abundant, long-ovoid, deltoid-ovoid, ellipsoid, subrounded or irregular, 5-40 μm in diameter, pointed hilum at the smaller end and some cleft-like hilum, sometimes striations visible, gelatinized starch masses visible occasionally. Oil cells and resin cells scattered in parenchyma, containing pale yellow oil drops or dark reddish-brown contents. Fibres in bundles or scattered, blunt-acute at the end, few branched, sometimes sinuated on one side, 15-40 μm in diameter, walls thickened slightly, unlignifized with fine oblique pits, and thin transverse septa usually visible. Vessels mostly scalariform, reticulate or spiral, occasionally annular, 15-70 μm in diameter; beside the vessels or fibres, tubular cells containing dark reddish-brown contents visible, 12-20 μm in diameter.

(2) 取本品粉末2g，加乙酸乙酯20ml，超声处理10分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取6-姜辣素对照品，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯（2：1：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以香草醛硫酸试液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

To 2 g of the powder, add 20 ml of ethyl acetate, ultrasonicate for 10 minutes, filter and use the filtrate as the test solution. Dissolve a quantity of 6-gingerol CRS in ethyl acetate to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90℃), chloroform and ethyl acetate (2:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 6 ul of each of the above two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid, heat at 105℃ to the spot clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent (0832, method 4).

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%〈2302〉。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于26.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives<2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 26.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

贮藏 Storage

同干姜。
As described under Zingiberis Rhizoma.

性 Property

辛，热。
Hot; pungent.

味 Flavor

微辛、辣。
Slight pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

脾、胃、肾经。
Spleen, stomach and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

温经止血，温中止痛。
Warm the meridians, stop bleeding, warm the middle energizer and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于阳虚失血，吐衄崩漏，脾胃虚寒，腹痛吐泻。
Loss of blood caused by yang deficiency, hematemesis, menstrual flooding and spotting, spleen-stomach deficiency cold, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

贮藏 Storage

同干姜。
As described under Zingiberis Rhizoma.