红参

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C.A.Mey.的栽培品经蒸制后的干燥根和根茎。秋季采挖，洗净，蒸制后，干燥。
Red Ginseng Root and Rhizome is the dried root and rhizome of cultivated Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae), which is steamed before drying. The drug is collected in autumn, washed clean, steamed, and dried.

性状 Description

主根呈纺锤形、圆柱形或扁方柱形，长3～10cm，直径1～2cm。表面半透明，红棕色，偶有不透明的暗黄褐色斑块，具纵沟、皱纹及细根痕；上部有时具断续的不明显环纹；下部有2～3条扭曲交叉的支根，并带弯曲的须根或仅具须根残迹。根茎（芦头）长1～2cm，上有数个凹窝状茎痕（芦碗），有的带有1～2条完整或折断的不定根（艼）。质硬而脆，断面平坦，角质样。气微香而特异，味甘、微苦。
Main root spindle-shaped, cylindrical, or flattened cylindrical, 3-10 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter; surface semitransparent, reddish-brown, occasionally with opaque dark yellow-brown patches, with longitudinal furrows, wrinkles, and fine root scars; upper part sometimes with indistinct interrupted annulations; lower part with 2-3 twisted and crossed lateral roots, and curved adventitious roots or only with remnants of adventitious roots. Rhizome (butt) 1-2 cm long, with several concave stem scars (butt bowls), some with 1-2 intact or broken adventitious roots (stolons). Texture hard and brittle; fracture even, horny. Odour, slightly fragrant and characteristic; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）照人参项下的〔鉴别〕（1）项试验，除淀粉粒糊化轮廓模糊外，其他特征应相同。
(1) According to the test of [ identification ] ( 1 ) under ginseng, except for the blurred outline of starch granules, other characteristics should be the same.

（2）照人参项下的〔鉴别〕（2）项试验，应显相同的结果。
(2) According to the [ identification ] ( 2 ) test under ginseng, the same results should be shown.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

其他有机氯类农药残留量 Residue of other organic chlorine pesticides

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
Determine by gas chromatography <0521>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

分析柱：以键合交联14%氰丙基苯基二甲基硅氧烷为固定液（DM1701或同类型）的毛细管柱（30m×0.32mm×0.25μm），验证柱：以键合交联5%苯基甲基硅氧烷为固定液（DB5或同类型）的毛细管柱（30m×0.32mm×0.25μm）；63Ni-ECD电子捕获检测器；进样口温度230℃，检测器温度300℃，不分流进样。恒压控制模式，初始流速为每分钟1.5ml。程序升温：初始温度60℃，保持0.5分钟，以每分钟60℃升至170℃，再以每分钟15℃升至220℃，保持5分钟，再以每分钟1℃升至240℃，以每分钟15℃升至280℃，保持5分钟。理论板数按五氯硝基苯峰计算应不低于1×105，两个相邻色谱峰的分离度应大于1.5。
Analytical column : capillary column ( 30m × 0.32mm × 0.25μm ) with bonded crosslinked 14 % cyanopropylphenyldimethylsiloxane as stationary liquid ( DM1701 or the same type ). Verification column : capillary column ( 30m × 0.32mm × 0.25μm ) with bonded crosslinked 5 % phenylmethylsiloxane as stationary liquid ( DB5 or the same type ). 63Ni-ECD electron capture detector ; the inlet temperature was 230 °C, and the detector temperature was 300 °C. Constant pressure control mode, the initial flow rate of 1.5ml per minute. Temperature programming : the initial temperature was 60 °C, maintained for 0.5 minutes, rose to 170 °C at 60 °C per minute, rose to 220 °C at 15 °C per minute, maintained for 5 minutes, rose to 240 °C at 1 °C per minute, rose to 280 °C at 15 °C per minute, maintained for 5 minutes. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 1 × 105 according to the peak of pentachloronitrobenzene, and the resolution of two adjacent chromatographic peaks should be greater than 1.5.

混合对照品储备液的制备 Preparation of mixed reference solution

分别精密称取五氯硝基苯、六氯苯、七氯（七氯、环氧七氯）、氯丹（顺式氯丹、反式氯丹、氧化氯丹）农药对照品适量，精密称定，用正己烷溶解分别制成每1ml约含100μg的溶液。精密量取上述对照品溶液各1ml，置同一100ml量瓶中，加正己烷至刻度，摇匀；或精密量取有机氯农药混合对照品溶液1ml，置10ml量瓶中，加正己烷至刻度，摇匀，即得（每1ml含各农药对照品1μg）。
Pentachloronitrobenzene, hexachlorobenzene, heptachlor ( heptachlor, epoxy heptachlor ), chlordane ( cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane, oxychlordane ) pesticide reference substances were accurately weighed and accurately weighed. The solution containing about 100 μg per 1 ml was dissolved in n-hexane. Precisely measure 1ml of the above reference solution, place it in the same 100ml volumetric flask, add n-hexane to the scale, and shake well ; or precisely measure 1ml of the mixed reference solution of organochlorine pesticides, place it in a 10ml volumetric flask, add n-hexane to the scale, shake well, and obtain ( 1μg of each pesticide reference per 1ml ).

混合对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of mixed reference solution

精密量取上述混合对照品储备液，用正己烷制成每1ml分别含1ng、2ng、5ng、10ng、20ng、50ng、100ng的溶液，即得。
The above mixed reference stock solution was accurately measured, and each 1ml solution containing 1ng, 2ng, 5ng, 10ng, 20ng, 50ng, and 100ng was prepared with n-hexane.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品，粉碎成细粉（过二号筛），取约5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加水30ml，振摇10分钟，精密加丙酮50ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用丙酮补足减失的重量，再加氯化钠约8g，精密加二氯甲烷25ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率40kHz）15分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用二氯甲烷补足减失的重量，振摇使氯化钠充分溶解，静置，转移至离心管中，离心（每分钟3000转）3分钟，使完全分层，将上层有机相转移至装有适量无水硫酸钠的具塞锥形瓶中，放置30分钟。精密量取15ml，置40℃水浴中减压浓缩至约1ml，加正己烷约5ml，减压浓缩至近干，用正己烷溶解并转移至5ml量瓶中，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，转移至离心管中，缓缓加入硫酸溶液（9→10）1ml，振摇1分钟，离心（每分钟3000转）10分钟，分取上清液，加水1ml，振摇，取上清液，即得。
Take this product, crushed into fine powder ( through No.2 sieve ), take about 5g, accurately weighed, placed in a conical flask with a stopper, add 30ml of water, shake for 10 minutes, accurately add 50ml of acetone, weigh the weight, ultrasonic treatment ( power 300W, frequency 40kHz ) for 30 minutes, cool down, weigh again, use acetone to make up for the lost weight, add about 8g of sodium chloride, accurately add 25ml of dichloromethane, weigh the weight, ultrasonic treatment ( power 300W, frequency 40kHz ) for 15 minutes, cool down, weigh again, use dichloromethane to make up for the lost weight, shake to fully dissolve the sodium chloride, and stand still. Transfer to a centrifuge tube, centrifuge ( 3000 revolutions per minute ) for 3 minutes to completely stratify, transfer the upper organic phase to a plugged conical flask containing an appropriate amount of anhydrous sodium sulfate, and place for 30 minutes. Precisely measure 15ml, place in a 40 °C water bath, decompress and concentrate to about 1ml, add about 5ml of n-hexane, decompress and concentrate to nearly dry, dissolve in n-hexane and transfer to a 5ml volumetric flask, dilute to the scale, shake well, transfer to a centrifuge tube, slowly add 1ml of sulfuric acid solution ( 9 → 10 ), shake for 1 minute, centrifuge ( 3000 r / min ) for 10 minutes, take the supernatant, add 1ml of water, shake, take the supernatant, and obtain.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取供试品溶液和与之相应浓度的混合对照品溶液各1μl，注入气相色谱仪，分别连续进样3次，取平均值，按外标法计算，即得。
Each 1 μl of the test solution and the mixed reference solution with the corresponding concentration were accurately absorbed and injected into the gas chromatograph. The samples were continuously injected for 3 times, and the average value was calculated according to the external standard method.

本品含五氯硝基苯不得过0.1mg/kg；七氯(七氯、环氧七氯之和)不得过0.05mg/kg；氯丹(顺式氯丹、反式氯丹和氧化氯丹之和)不得过0.1mg/kg。
This product contains pentachloronitrobenzene shall not exceed 0.1 mg / kg ; heptachlor ( the sum of heptachlor and epoxy heptachlor ) should not exceed 0.05 mg / kg ; chlordane ( the sum of cis-chlordane, trans-chlordane and oxychlordane ) should not exceed 0.1 mg / kg.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法(通则0512)测定。
Determination by high performance liquid chromatography ( general rule 0512 ).

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为203nm。理论板数按人参皂苷Rg1峰计算应不低于6000。
Octadecyl silane bonded silica gel was used as filler ; acetonitrile was used as mobile phase A, water was used as mobile phase B, gradient elution was carried out according to the following table ; the detection wavelength was 203 nm. The number of theoretical plates calculated by ginsenoside Rg1 peak should not be less than 6000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

分别取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml中含人参皂苷Rg1 0.5mg、人参皂苷Re 0.3mg、人参皂苷Rb1 0.5mg的混合溶液，即得。
Ginsenoside Rg1 reference substance, ginsenoside Re reference substance and ginsenoside Rb1 reference substance were taken respectively, and methanol was added to make a mixed solution containing 0.5 mg of ginsenoside Rg1, 0.3 mg of ginsenoside Re and 0.5 mg of ginsenoside Rb1 per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末(过四号筛)约1g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加三氯甲烷适量，加热回流3小时，弃去三氯甲烷液，药渣挥干溶剂；连同滤纸筒移入具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入水饱和正丁醇50ml，密塞，放置过夜，超声处理(功率250W，频率50kHz)30分钟，滤过。精密量取续滤液25ml，置蒸发皿中蒸干，残渣加甲醇溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1g of this product powder ( through No.4 sieve ), accurately weigh it, place it in a Soxhlet extractor, add an appropriate amount of chloroform, heat and reflux for 3 hours, discard the chloroform solution, and evaporate the residue to dry the solvent ; the filter paper tube was moved into a conical flask with a stopper, and 50ml of water-saturated n-butanol was accurately added, sealed, placed overnight, ultrasonically treated ( power 250W, frequency 50kHz ) for 30 minutes, and filtered. Precisely measure 25ml of the filtrate, place it in an evaporation dish, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue with methanol, transfer it to a 5ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the scale, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液10～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
本品按干燥品计算，含人参皂苷Rg1 (C42H72O14)和人参皂苷Re (C48H82O18)的总量不得少于0.25%，人参皂苷Rb1 (C54H92O23)不得少于0.20%。

饮片 Prepared slices

红参 Red Ginseng

炮制 Processing

润透，切薄片，干燥，用时粉碎或捣碎。
Soak until thoroughly moistened, cut into thin slices, dry, and pulverize before use.

红参片 Red Ginseng Slices

炮制 Processing

本品呈类圆形或椭圆形薄片。外表皮红棕色，半透明。切面平坦，角质样。质硬而脆。气微香而特异，味甘、微苦。
Slices are circular or elliptical in shape. The outer surface is reddish-brown and semi-transparent. The cut surface is flat and horny. The texture is hard and brittle. The odour is slightly fragrant and characteristic, and the taste is sweet and slightly bitter.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含人参皂昔Rg1（C42H72O14）和人参皂甘Re(C48H82O18) 的总蜇不得少于0.22%, 人参皂背Rb1(C54H92O23) 不得少于0.18% 。
The total stings containing ginsenoside Rg1 ( C42H72O14 ) and ginsenoside Re ( C48H82O18 ) should not be less than 0.22 %, and the total stings containing ginsenoside Rb1 ( C54H92O23 ) should not be less than 0.18 %.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、微苦。
Sweet and slightly bitter in flavor

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、肺、心、肾经。
It enters the Spleen, Lung, Heart, and Kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

大补元气，复脉固脱，益气摄血。
It tonifies the primordial Qi, restores the pulse, secures the essence, and stops bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于体虚欲脱，肢冷脉微，气不摄血，崩漏下血。
It is used for deficiency of the body with a tendency to collapse, cold limbs, weak pulse, Qi failing to secure the blood, and excessive uterine bleeding.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

用法 Administration

另煎兑服。
Decocted separately and taken orally.

注意 Precautions

不宜与藜芦、五灵脂同用。
It should not be used together with Chenopodium ambrosioides or Croton tiglium.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，密闭，防蛀。
Store in a cool, dry place, in a sealed container, and protect from moth damage.

红参

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为五加科植物人参Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.的栽培品经蒸制后的干燥根和根茎。秋季采挖，洗净，蒸制后，干燥。
Red Ginseng Red is the steamed and dried root and rhizome of the cultivar of Panaz ginseng C.A.Mey. (Fam. Araliaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, washed clean, steamed, and dried.

性状 Description

主根呈纺锤形、圆柱形或扁方柱形，长3～10cm，直径1～2cm。表面半透明，红棕色，偶有不透明的暗黄褐色斑块，具纵沟、皱纹及细根痕；上部有时具断续的不明显环纹；下部有2～3条扭曲交叉的支根，并带弯曲的须根或仅具须根残迹。根茎（芦头）长1～2cm，上有数个凹窝状茎痕 （芦碗），有的带有1～2条完整或折断的不定根（艼）。质硬而脆，断面平坦，角质样。气微香而特异，味甘、微苦。
Main roots fusiform, cylindrical or flat squared columnar, 3-10 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter. Externally translucent, reddish-brown, occasionally exhibiting a few dark yellowish-brown patches, furrowed longitudinally, wrinkled and with rootlet scars; the upper part sometimes exhibiting interrupted indistinct annulations, the lower part bearing 2-3 twisted and intersected branch roots and curved rootlets or just showing remains of rootlets. Rhizomes 1-2 cm long, showing several depressed-circular stem scars (Luwan), some bearing 1-2 entire or broken adventitious roots (Ding). Texture hard and fragile, fracture even, horny. Odour delicate fragrant and characteristic; taste, sweet and slight bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）照人参项下的〔鉴别〕（1）项试验，除淀粉粒糊化轮廓模糊外，其他特征应相同。
（2）照人参项下的〔鉴别〕（2）项试验，应显相同的结果。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0% （通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为203nm。理论板数按人参皂苷Rg1峰计算应不低于6000。

时间（分钟）
流动相A（%）
流动相B（%）

0～35
19
81
35～55
19→29
81→71
55～70
29
71
70～100
29→40
71→60

对照品溶液的制备
分别取人参皂苷Rg1对照品、人参皂苷Re对照品、人参皂苷Rb1对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml中含人参皂苷Rg1 0.5mg、人参皂苷Re 0.3mg、人参皂苷Rb1 0.5mg的混合溶液，即得。

饮片 Prepared slice

红参 Red Ginseng

炮制 Processing

润透，切薄片，干燥，用时粉碎或捣碎。
Soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry. Break to pieces before use.

红参片 本品呈类圆形或橢圆形薄片。外表皮红棕色，半透明。切面平坦，角质样。质硬而脆。气微香而特异，味甘、微苦。
In subrounded or elliptical thin slices. Externally reddish-brown, translucent. Cut surface even, horny. Texture hard and fragile. Odour, delicate fragrant and characteristic; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含人参皂苷Rg1（C42H72O14）和人参皂苷Re（C48H82O18）的总量不得少于0.22%，人参皂苷 Rb1（C54H92O23）不得少于0.18%。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、微苦，温。归脾、肺、心、肾经。
Warm; sweet and mild bitter. Spleen, lung, heart, and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

大补元气，复脉固脱，益气摄血。用于体虚欲脱，肢冷脉微，气不摄血，崩漏下血。
To greatly tonify the original qi, regain pulse and secure collapse, tonify qi, and control the blood. Trend to collapse caused by body deficiency, coldness of limbs, faint pulse, qi failing to control the blood, and menstrual flooding and spotting.

用法与用置 Administration and dosage

3～9g，另煎兑服。
3-9 g, decocted alone and mixed with other decoction before taking.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与藜芦、五灵脂同用。
Incompatible with Veratri Nigri Radiz et Rhizoma, Trogopterori Faeces.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，密闭，防蛀。
Preserve in well-closed containers, stored in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.