铁皮石斛

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为兰科植物铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo的干燥茎。11月至翌年3月采收，除去杂质，剪去部分须根，边加热边扭成螺旋形或弹簧状，烘干；或切成段，干燥或低温烘干，前者习称“铁皮枫斗”（耳环石斛）；后者习称“铁皮石斛”。
Dendrobium Stem with Bark is the dried stem of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Fam. Orchidaceae). It is collected from November to March of the following year, cleaned of impurities, and partially trimmed of adventitious roots. It is then twisted into a spiral or spring shape while being heated and dried. Alternatively, it is cut into sections and dried or low-temperature dried. The former is commonly known as "Tiepi Fengdou" (Earring Dendrobium), and the latter is commonly known as "Tiepi Shihu" (Dendrobium Stem with Bark).

性状 Description

铁皮枫斗 Tiepi Fengdou

本品呈螺旋形或弹簧状，通常为2～6个旋纹，茎拉直后长3.5～8cm，直径0.2～0.4cm。表面黄绿色或略带金黄色，有细纵皱纹，节明显，节上有时可见残留的灰白色叶鞘；一端可见茎基部留下的短须根。质坚实，易折断，断面平坦，灰白色至灰绿色，略角质状。气微，味淡，嚼之有黏性。
The drug is spiral or spring-shaped, usually with 2-6 spirals. When the stem is straightened, it is 3.5-8 cm long and 0.2-0.4 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-green or slightly golden with fine longitudinal wrinkles. The nodes are obvious, and sometimes residual grayish-white leaf sheaths can be seen on the nodes. One end may have short adventitious roots left from the stem base. The texture is firm, easily broken, and the fracture surface is flat, grayish-white to grayish-green, and slightly horny. It has a slight odor, a mild taste, and a sticky texture when chewed.

铁皮石斛 Tiepi Shihu

本品呈圆柱形的段，长短不等。
The drug is in the form of cylindrical sections of varying lengths.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，扁平，外壁及侧壁稍增厚、微木化，外被黄色角质层，有的外层可见无色的薄壁细胞组成的叶鞘层。基本薄壁组织细胞多角形，大小相似，其间散在多数维管束，略排成4～5圈，维管束外韧型，外围排列有厚壁的纤维束，有的外侧小型薄壁细胞中含有硅质块。含草酸钙针晶束的黏液细胞多见于近表皮处。
(1)Transverse section: Epidermal cells in a single layer, flat, with slightly thickened and slightly lignified outer walls and side walls. The outer layer is covered with a yellowish horny layer, and some outer layers are composed of colorless thin-walled cells forming a leaf sheath layer. The basic parenchyma cells are polygonal and similar in size. Among them, there are scattered vascular bundles, which are slightly arranged in 4-5 circles. The vascular bundles are exarch, and there are thick-walled fiber bundles arranged on the periphery. Some small thin-walled cells on the outer side contain siliceous masses. Mucilage cells containing calcium oxalate crystal bundles are mostly found near the epidermis.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（9∶1）混合溶液15ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取铁皮石斛对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液，照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（6∶3∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，烘干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在95℃加热约3分钟，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2)Take 1g of the powder, add 15ml of a mixture of chloroform and methanol (9:1), and sonicate for 20 minutes. Filter, and the filtrate is used as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug Dendrobium Stem with Bark, prepare a solution using the same method as the test solution. Perform the thin-layer chromatography test<0502> using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (6:3:1) as the mobile phase. Apply 2-5μl of each of the above two solutions separately to the same silica gel G thin-layer plate. After development, remove the plate, dry it, and spray with a 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution. Heat at 95°C for about 3 minutes, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. In the chromatogram obtained with the test solution, there should be fluorescent spots of the same color at the corresponding positions as in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.

检查 Examination

甘露糖与葡萄糖峰面积比 Peak area of mannose to glucose

取葡萄糖对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。精密吸取0.4ml，按〔含量测定〕甘露糖项下方法依法测定。供试品色谱中，甘露糖与葡萄糖的峰面积比应为2.4～8.0。
Take the appropriate amount of glucose control product, precision weighing, add water to make a solution containing 50μg per 1ml, as a control solution. Absorb 0.4ml precisely, and determine according to the method under the item of Mannose [Content Determination]. In the chromatogram of the test product, the peak area ratio of mannose to glucose should be 2.4-8.0.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于6.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 6.5 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

多糖 Polysaccharide

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取无水葡萄糖对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含90μg的溶液，即得。
Take appropriate amount of anhydrous glucose control, weigh it precisely, add water to make a solution containing 90μg per 1ml, that is to say.

标准曲线的制备 Preparation of calibration standard

精密量取对照品溶液0.2ml、0.4ml、0.6ml、0.8ml、l.0ml，分别置10ml具塞试管中，各加水补至1.0ml，精密加入5%苯酚溶液1ml（临用配制），摇匀，再精密加硫酸5ml，摇匀，置沸水浴中加热20分钟，取出，置冰浴中冷却5分钟，以相应试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在488nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
Precisely measure 0.2ml, 0.4ml, 0.6ml, 0.8ml, l.0ml of control solution, respectively, placed in 10ml stoppered test tube, add water to make up to 1.0ml, precisely add 5% phenol solution 1ml (prepared for use), shaking well, then precisely add 5ml of sulfuric acid, shaking well, placed in a boiling water bath and heated for 20 minutes, removed, placed in an ice bath and cooled for 5 minutes, the corresponding reagent as a Blank, according to the UV-visible spectrophotometric method (General rule 0401), determine the absorbance at the wavelength of 488nm, take the absorbance as the vertical coordinate and the concentration as the horizontal coordinate to draw the standard curve.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.3g，精密称定，加水200ml，加热回流2小时，放冷，转移至250ml量瓶中，用少量水分次洗涤容器，洗液并入同一量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液2ml，置15ml离心管中，精密加入无水乙醇10ml，摇匀，冷藏1小时，取出，离心（转速为每分钟4000转）20分钟，弃去上清液（必要时滤过），沉淀加80%乙醇洗涤2次，每次8ml，离心，弃去上清液，沉淀加热水溶解，转移至25ml量瓶中，放冷，加水至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 0.3g of the powder (sieve No.3), weigh precisely, add 200ml of water, heat and reflux for 2 hours, cool, transfer to a 250ml measuring flask, use a small amount of water to sub-wash the container, the washings into the same measuring flask, add water to the scale, shake well, filtered, take a precise amount of 2ml of filtrate, put in 15ml centrifugal tube, add 10ml of anhydrous ethanol, shaking, refrigerated for 1 hour, remove (speed of 4000 rpm) 20 minutes, discard the supernatant (if necessary, filtered), sediment plus 80% ethanol washed twice, 8ml each time, discard the supernatant, centrifugation. Remove, centrifuge (speed 4000 rpm) for 20 minutes, discard the supernatant (filtered if necessary), precipitate with 80% ethanol wash 2 times, each time 8ml, centrifugation, discard the supernatant, the precipitate dissolved in heated water, transferred to a 25ml measuring flask, cooled, add water to the scale, shaking, that is, obtained.

测定法 Assay method

精密量取供试品溶液1ml，置10ml具塞试管中，照标准曲线制备项下的方法，自“精密加入5%苯酚溶液1ml”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中无水葡萄糖的量，计算，即得。
Take 1ml of the test solution and put it in a 10ml stoppered test tube, according to the method under the standard curve preparation, from "adding 5% phenol solution 1ml", determine the absorbance according to the law, and read out the amount of anhydrous glucose in the test solution from the standard curve, and then calculate, that is to say, it is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含铁皮石斛多糖以无水葡萄糖（C6H12O6）计，不得少于25.0%。
This product contains not less than 25.0% of Dendrobium officinale polysaccharide as anhydrous glucose (C6H12O6) when calculated as dry product.

甘露糖 Mannose

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determined by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.02mol/L的乙酸铵溶液（20∶80）为流动相：检测波长为250nm。理论板数按甘露糖峰计算应不低于4000。
Octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel was used as filler; acetonitrile-0.02 mol/L ammonium acetate solution (20:80) was used as the mobile phase: the detection wavelength was 250 nm. the theoretical plate count should be not less than 4000 according to the mannose peak.

校正因子测定 Calibration factor determination

　　
取盐酸氨基葡萄糖适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含12mg的溶液，作为内标溶液。另取甘露糖对照品约10mg，精密称定，置100ml量瓶中，精密加入内标溶液1ml，加水适量使溶解并稀释至刻度，摇匀，吸取400μl，加0.5mol/L的PMP（1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮）甲醇溶液与0.3mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液各400μl，混匀，70℃水浴反应100分钟。再加0.3mol/L的盐酸溶液500μl，混匀，用三氯甲烷洗涤3次，每次2ml，弃去三氯甲烷液，水层离心后，取上清液注入液相色谱仪，测定，计算校正因子。

测定法 Assay method

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.12g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加80%乙醇适量，加热回流提取4小时，弃去乙醇液，药渣挥干乙醇，滤纸筒拆开置于烧杯中，加水100ml，再精密加入内标溶液2ml，煎煮1小时并时时搅拌，放冷，加水补至约100ml，混匀，离心，吸取上清液1ml，置安瓿瓶或顶空瓶中，加3.0mol/L的盐酸溶液0.5 ml封口，混匀，110℃水解1小时，放冷，用3.0mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液调节pH值至中性，吸取400μl，照校正因子测定方法，自“加0.5mol/L的PMP甲醇溶液”起，依法操作，取上清液10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Take the product powder (through the third sieve) about 0.12 g, precision weighing, placed in Soxhlet extractor, add 80% ethanol, heating reflux extraction for 4 hours, discard the ethanol solution, dregs of ethanol evaporation, the filter paper cartridge split in a beaker, add 100 ml of water, and then add 2 ml of internal standard solution, decocted 1 hour and stirred at times, cooled, add water to make up to about 100 ml, mix, centrifugation, take up 1 ml of the upper 1ml of supernatant, put in an ampoule or headspace bottle, add 3.0 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution 0.5 ml seal, mix well, hydrolysis at 110 ℃ for 1 hour, cool, with 3.0 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to adjust the pH value to neutral, take up 400 μl, according to the method of determination of the correction factor, since the "addition of 0.5 mol/L methanol solution of PMP According to the method of correction factor determination, from "adding 0.5 mol/L PMP methanol solution", according to the law, take 10 μl of the supernatant, injected into the liquid chromatograph, measurement, that is obtained.

本品按干燥品计算，含甘露糖（C6H12O6）应为13.0%～38.0%。
This product should contain 13.0% to 38.0% mannose (C6H12O6) when calculated as a dry product.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归胃、肾经。
Stomach and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

益胃生津，滋阴清热。
Nourishes the Stomach, generates fluids, nourishes Yin, and clears heat.

主治 Indications

用于热病津伤，口干烦渴，胃阴不足，食少干呕，病后虚热不退，阴虚火旺，骨蒸劳热，目暗不明，筋骨痿软。
Used for heat diseases with fluid injury, dry mouth and thirst, insufficient Stomach Yin, reduced food intake and dry retching, lingering fever after illness, excessive fire due to Yin deficiency, steaming bone and consumptive fever, dim vision, and weakness of tendons and bones.

用量 Dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, protected from moisture.

铁皮石斛

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为兰科植物铁皮石斛Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo的干燥茎。11月至翌年3月采收，除去杂质，剪去部分须根，边加热边扭成螺旋形或弹簧状，烘干；或切成段，干燥或低温烘干，前者习称“铁皮枫斗”（耳环石斛）；后者习称“铁皮石斛”。
Dendrobium Stem is the dried stem of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (Fam. Orchidaceae). The drug is collected from November to the following March, removed from foreign matter, trimmed off some fibrous roots, twisted to a spiral or spring form while heating, and baked to dryness, known as “Tiepifengdou" (Erhuanshihu, earring-like Dendrobium); or cut into sections, then dried or baked to dryness at a low temperature, known as “Tiepishihu".

性状 Description

铁皮枫斗 本品呈螺旋形或弹簧状，通常为2～6个旋纹，茎拉直后长3.5～8cm，直径0.2～0.4cm。表面黄绿色或略带金黄色，有细纵皱纹，节明显，节上有时可见残留的灰白色叶鞘；一端可见茎基部留下的短须根。质坚实，易折断，断面平坦，灰白色至灰绿色，略角质状。气微，味淡，嚼之有黏性。
Tiepifengdou Spiral or spring-like, usually with 2-6 spires, 3.5-8 cm long when stem pulled straight, 0.2-0.4 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-green or slightly golden, finely wrinkled longitudinally, nodes distinct, sometimes bearing greyish-white leaf sheaths; at one end some short fibrous roots remained at the base of stem. Texture compact, easily broken, fracture even, greyish-white to greyish-green, slightly horny. Odour, slight; taste, weak and viscous on chewing.

铁皮石斛 本品呈圆柱形的段，长短不等。
Tiepishihu Cylindrical sections, various in length.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列，扁平，外壁及侧壁稍增厚、微木化，外被黄色角质层，有的外层可见无色的薄壁细胞组成的叶鞘层。基本薄壁组织细胞多角形，大小相似，其间散在多数维管束，略排成4～5圈，维管束外韧型，外围排列有厚壁的纤维束，有的外侧小型薄壁细胞中含有硅度块。含草酸钙针晶束的黏液细胞多见于近表皮处。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（9：1）混合溶液15ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取铁皮石斛对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液，照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～5μl，分别点于同硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-甲酸乙酯-甲酸（6：3：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，烘干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在95℃加热约3分钟，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于6.5%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 6.5 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

多糖 对照品溶液的制备 取无水葡萄糖对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含90μg的溶液，即得。标准曲线的制备精密量取对照品溶液0.2ml、0.4ml、0.6ml、0.8ml、1.0ml，分别置10ml具塞试管中，各加水补至1.0ml，精密加入5%苯酚溶液1ml（临用配制），摇匀，再精密加硫酸5ml，摇匀，置沸水浴中加热20分钟，取出，置冰浴中冷却5分钟，以相应试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在488nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.3g，精密称定，加水200ml，加热回流2小时，放冷，转移至250ml量瓶中，用少量水分次洗涤容器，洗液并人同一量瓶中，加水至刻度，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液2ml，置15ml离心管中，精密加入无水乙醇10ml，摇匀，冷藏1小时，取出，离心（转速为每分钟4000转）20分钟，弃去上清液（必要时滤过），沉淀加80%乙醇洗涤2次，每次8ml，离心，弃去上清液，沉淀加热水溶解，转移至25ml量瓶中，放冷，加水至刻度，摇匀，即得。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，微寒。归胃、肾经。
Mild cold; sweet. Stomach and kidney meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

益胃生津，滋阴清热。用于热病津伤，口干烦渴，胃阴不足，食少干呕，病后虚热不退，阴虚火旺，骨蒸劳热，目暗不明，筋骨痿软。
To boost the stomach, engender fluids, nourish yin, and clear heat. Used for heat disease consuming fluid, dry mouth, vexation and thirst, stomach yin deficiency, reduced food intake, retching, deficiency heat after recovering from an illness, yin deficiency with effulgent fire, steaming bone and consumptive fever, dim and blurred vision, limp wilting sinew and bone.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moisture.