制天南星

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为天南星的炮制加工品。
Processed Arisaema Rhizome is the processed product of Arisaema Rhizome.

炮制 Processing

取净天南星，按大小分别用水浸泡，每日换水2～3次，如起白沫时，换水后加白矾（每100kg天南星，加白矾2kg），泡一日后，再进行换水，至切开口尝微有麻舌感时取出。将生姜片、白矾置锅内加适量水煮沸后，倒入天南星共煮至无干心时取出，除去姜片，晾至四至六成干，切薄片，干燥。
Take clean Arisaema Rhizome, soak it in water according to its size, change the water 2-3 times a day. If there is foam, add alum (2kg of alum for every 100kg of Arisaema Rhizome) after changing the water. After soaking for one day, change the water again until there is a slight tingling sensation when the cut is tasted. Put ginger slices and alum in a pot with an appropriate amount of water, boil, pour into Arisaema Rhizome, cook until there is no moisture left, remove the ginger slices, dry until it is 40-60% dry, cut into thin slices, and dry.

每100kg天南星，用生姜、白矾各12.5kg。
For every 100kg of Arisaema Rhizome, use 12.5kg of ginger and 12.5kg of alum.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形或不规则形的薄片。黄色或淡棕色，质脆易碎，断面角质状。气微，味涩，微麻。
Processed Arisaema Rhizome is disc-shaped or irregularly shaped thin slices. It is yellow or light brown in color, brittle and fragile in texture, and has a horny fracture. It has a slight odor, astringent taste, and a slight tingling sensation.

鉴别 Identification

(1)本品粉末灰黄色或黄棕色。糊化淀粉粒众多，多存在于薄壁细胞中。草酸钙针晶散在或成束，长6～35μm。螺纹导管及环纹导管。
(1) The powder of Processed Arisaema Rhizome is grayish-yellow or yellowish-brown. There are many gelatinized starch grains, most of which are present in the thin-walled cells. Calcium oxalate prisms are scattered or in bundles, with a length of 6-35μm. Spiral vessels and annular vessels are present.

(2)取本品粉末5g，加乙醇50ml，加热回流1.5小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醚10ml超声处理5分钟，滤过，残渣再用乙醚重复处理2次，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取干姜对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙醚-丙酮-冰醋酸（40∶10∶5∶0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的主斑点。
(2) Take 5g of the powder of Processed Arisaema Rhizome, add 50ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1.5 hours, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, add 10ml of ether to the residue, treat with ultrasound for 5 minutes, filter, repeat the treatment with ether twice, combine the ether solution, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 0.5ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 0.5g of dried ginger as the reference material, and prepare the reference material solution in the same way. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane, ether, acetone, and glacial acetic acid (40:10:5:0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 6μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The main spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference material solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

白矾限量 Limit of alum

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约2g，精密称定，置坩埚中，缓缓加热，至完全炭化时，逐渐升高温度至450℃，灰化4小时，放冷，在坩埚中小心加入稀盐酸10ml，用表面皿覆盖坩埚，置水浴上加热20分钟，表面皿用热水5ml冲洗，洗液并入坩埚中，滤过，用水25ml分次洗涤滤渣及坩埚；合并滤液和洗液，加甲基红指示液1滴，摇匀，再滴加氨试液至溶液由红色转为黄色，加醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液（pH6.0）25ml，精密加乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）25ml，煮沸3～5分钟，放冷，加二甲酚橙指示液1ml，用锌滴定液（0.05mol/L）滴定至溶液自黄色转变为橘红色，并将滴定的结果用空白试验校正。每1ml的乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）相当于23.72mg的含水硫酸铝钾[KAl（SO4）2·12H2O]。
The sample powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of about 2g was accurately weighed and placed in a crucible. It was slowly heated until completely carbonized, and the temperature was gradually increased to 450°C. It was ashed for 4 hours, cooled, and 10ml of dilute hydrochloric acid was carefully added to the crucible. The crucible was covered with a watch glass and heated in a water bath for 20 minutes. The watch glass was rinsed with 5ml of hot water, and the rinsing solution was added to the crucible. The residue and crucible were washed with water in portions of 25ml. The filtrate and rinsing solution were combined, 1 drop of methyl red indicator was added, shaken, and then dropwise added with ammonia test solution until the solution turned from red to yellow. Acetic acid-acetate buffer solution (pH 6.0) 25ml and precise ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium titration solution (0.05mol/L) 25ml were added, boiled for 3-5 minutes, cooled, and 1ml of thymol orange indicator was added. Zinc titration solution (0.05mol/L) was titrated until the solution changed from yellow to orange, and the titration result was corrected by blank test. Each 1ml of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium titration solution (0.05mol/L) is equivalent to 23.72mg of hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O].

本品按干燥品计算，含白矾以含水硫酸铝钾[KAl（SO4）2·12H2O]计，不得过12.0%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of alum is calculated as hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O], not more than 12.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入60%乙醇25ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用60%乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1～5ml，置10ml量瓶中，照天南星〔含量测定〕项下标准曲线制备项下的方法，自“加1%三乙胺溶液”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中芹菜素的重量，计算，即得。
The sample powder (passed through a No. 4 sieve) of about 0.5g was accurately weighed and placed in a stoppered conical flask. 25ml of 60% ethanol was accurately added, sealed, and weighed. Ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) was carried out for 45 minutes, cooled, and weighed again. The weight loss was made up with 60% ethanol, shaken, and filtered. Precise amount of the filtrate (1-5ml) was taken and placed in a 10ml volumetric flask. According to the method under "Content determination" of Arisaema erubescens, a standard curve was prepared. Starting from "add 1% triethylamine solution", the absorbance was determined according to the law, and the weight of apigenin in the test solution was read from the standard curve and calculated.

本品按干燥品计算，含总黄酮以芹菜素（C15H10O5）计，不得少于0.050%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total flavonoids are calculated as apigenin (C15H10O5), not less than 0.050 per cent.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、脾经。
Lung, liver, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

燥湿化痰，祛风止痉，散结消肿。
To dry dampness and transform phlegm, dispel wind and stop convulsions, disperse nodules and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于顽痰咳嗽，风痰眩晕，中风痰壅，口眼㖞斜，半身不遂，癫痫，惊风，破伤风；外用治痈肿，蛇虫咬伤。
Used for stubborn phlegm cough, dizziness caused by wind-phlegm, stroke with phlegm stagnation, deviation of mouth and eye, hemiplegia, epilepsy, convulsions, tetanus; externally used for abscess and swelling, snake and insect bites.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。
3-9g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。有毒。
Caution for pregnant women. Toxic.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉、防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against mold and moth.

制天南星

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为天南星的炮制加工品。
The drug is the processed Arisaematis Rhizoma.

制法 Procedure

取净天南星，按大小分别用水浸泡，每日换水2～3次，如起白沫时，换水后加白矾（每100kg天南星，加白矾2kg），泡一日后，再进行换水，至切开口尝微有麻舌感时取出。将生姜片、白矾置锅内加适量水煮沸后，倒入天南星共煮至无干心时取出，除去姜片，晾至四至六成干，切薄片，干燥。每100kg天南星，用生姜、白矾各12.5kg。
Grade Arisaematis Rhizoma according to size, soak in water separately, change water 2 or 3 times a day. Add alumen after changing water if white foam is produced ( to each 100 kg of Arisaematis Rhizoma add 2 kg of alumen). After soaking for one day, change water again until only with a slight tongue-numbing taste on the cut surface, and take out. Boil the slices of Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens and alumen in a pot with a quantity of water,add the above Arisaematis Rhizoma and boil to no dry part at centre. Take out and remove the ginger slices, air to 40%-60% dryness, cut into thin slices, and dry thoroughly.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形或不规则形的薄片。黄色或淡棕色，质脆易碎，断面角质状。气微，味涩，微麻。
Subrounded or irregular thin slices,yellow or pale brown. Texture crisp and easily broken, fracture horny. Odourless; taste,astringent and slightly numbing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰黄色或黄棕色。糊化淀粉粒众多，多存在于薄壁细胞中。草酸钙针晶散在或成束，长6～35μm。螺纹导管及环纹导管。
（2）取本品粉末5g，加乙醇50ml，加热回流1.5小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醚10ml超声处理5分钟，滤过，残渣再用乙醚重复处理2次，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取干姜对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙醚-丙酮-冰醋酸（40：10：5：0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的主斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

白矾限量 Alumen

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约2g，精密称定，置坩埚中，缓缓加热，至完全炭化时，逐渐升高温度至450℃，灰化4小时，放冷，在坩埚中小心加入稀盐酸10ml，用表面皿覆盖坩埚，置水浴上加热20分钟，表面皿用热水5ml冲洗，洗液并入坩埚中，滤过，用水25ml分次洗涤滤渣及坩埚（合并滤液和洗液，加甲基红指示液1滴，摇匀，再滴加氨试液至溶液由红色转为黄色，加醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液（pH6.0）25ml，精密加乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）25ml，煮沸3～5分钟，放冷，加二甲酚橙指示液1ml，用锌滴定液（0.05m0l/L）滴定至溶液自黄色转变为橘红色，并将滴定的结果用空白试验校正。每1ml的乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）相当于23.72mg的含水硫酸铝钾[KAl（SO4）2·12H2O]。
本品按干燥品计算，含白矾以含水硫酸铝钾[KAl（SO4）2·12H2O]计，不得过12.0%。

含量测定 Assay

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入60%乙醇25ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用60%乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1～5ml，置10ml量瓶中，照天南星[含量测定]项下标准曲线制备项下的方法，自“加1%三乙胺溶液”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中芹菜素的重量，计算，即得。
本品按干燥品计算，含总黄酮以芹菜素（C15H10O5）计，不得少于0.050%。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、辛，温；有毒。归肺、肝、脾经。
Warm; bitter and pungent, toxic. Meridian tropism Lung, liver and spleen meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

燥湿化痰，祛风止痉，散结消肿。用于顽痰咳嗽，风痰眩晕，中风痰壅，口眼喎斜，半身不遂，癫痫，惊风，破伤风；外用治痈肿，蛇虫咬伤。
To dry dampness,resolve phlegm,dispel wind, arrest convulsions, dissipate bind and disperse swelling. Indications Cough caused by stubborn phlegm,dizziness caused by wind-phlegm, wind-stroke with phlegm congestion, deviated eye and mouth,hemiplegia,epilepsy, convulsion, tetanus;Topical application: swelling abscess, bites of insect, worm or snake.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～9g。
3-9 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉、防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from mould and moth.