天南星

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为天南星科植物天南星Arisaema erubescens（Wall.）Schott、异叶天南星Arisaema heterophyllum Bl.或东北天南星Arisaema amurense Maxim.的干燥块茎。秋、冬二季茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根及外皮，干燥。
Arisaema Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott, Arisaema heterophyllum Bl., or Arisaema amurense Maxim. (Fam. Araceae). The drug is collected in autumn or winter when the stem and leaves wither, removed from rootlets and outer skin, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈扁球形，高1～2 cm，直径1.5～6.5 cm。表面类白色或淡棕色，较光滑，顶端有凹陷的茎痕，周围有麻点状根痕，有的块茎周边有小扁球状侧芽。质坚硬，不易破碎，断面不平坦，白色，粉性。气微辛，味麻辣。
Rhizomes flattened-spherical, 1-2 cm high, 1.5-6.5 cm in diameter; surface whitish or pale brown, relatively smooth, with a concave stem scar at the top and pitted root scars around; some rhizomes have small flattened spherical lateral buds around the periphery. Texture hard, not easily broken, uneven on the fracture surface, white, powdery. Odour, slightly pungent; taste, tingling and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色。淀粉粒以单粒为主，圆球形或长圆形，直径2～17 μm，脐点点状、裂缝状，大粒层纹隐约可见；复粒少数，由2～12分粒组成。草酸钙针晶散在或成束存在于黏液细胞中，长63～131 μm。草酸钙方晶多见于导管旁的薄壁细胞中，直径3～20μm。
(1) The powder is whitish. Starch granules are mainly single, spherical or elongated, with a diameter of 2-17 μm, with a point-like or fissure-like hilum, and the lamellae of large granules are faintly visible; a few compound granules consist of 2-12 granules. Calcium oxalate prisms are scattered or clustered in mucous cells, measuring 63-131 μm in length. Calcium oxalate raphides are mostly found in thin-walled cells adjacent to the vascular bundles, with a diameter of 3-20 μm.

（2） 取本品粉末5g ，加60%乙醇50 ml，超声处理45分钟，滤过，滤液置水浴上挥尽乙醇，加于AB-8型大孔吸附树脂柱（内径为1 cm，柱高为10 cm）上，以水50 ml洗脱，弃去水液，再用30%乙醇50 ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加乙醇1 ml使溶解，离心，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取天南星对照药材5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙醇-吡啶-浓氨试液-水（8∶3∶3∶2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%氢氧化钾甲醇溶液，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 5 g of the powder, add 50 ml of 60% ethanol, treat with ultrasound for 45 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness on a water bath, add it to a column packed with AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin (1 cm in inner diameter and 10 cm in height), elute with 50 ml of water, discard the eluate, elute with 50 ml of 30% ethanol, collect the eluate, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol, centrifuge, and take the supernatant as the test solution. Take 5 g of the reference drug of Arisaema Rhizome, prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethanol-pyridine-concentrated ammonia solution-water (8:3:3:2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 6 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 5% solution of potassium hydroxide in methanol, and examine under daylight and ultraviole t light at 365 nm. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取芹菜素对照品适量，精密称定，加60%乙醇制成每1 ml含12 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of apigenin reference substance, accurately weigh, add 60% ethanol to make a solution containing 12 μg per 1 ml.

标准曲线的制备 Preparation of standard curve

精密量取对照品溶液1 ml、2 ml、3 ml、4 ml、5 ml，分别置10 ml量瓶中，各加60%乙醇至5 ml，加1%三乙胺溶液至刻度，摇匀，以相应的试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在400 nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
Accurately take 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, 4 ml, and 5 ml of the reference solution, respectively, place them in 10 ml volumetric flasks, add 60% ethanol to 5 ml, add 1% triethylamine solution to the mark, shake well, use the corresponding reagent as a blank, according to the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry (General rule 0401), measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 400 nm, plot the standard curve with absorbance as the ordinate and concentration as the abscissa.

测定法 Assay method

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.6 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入60%乙醇50 ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250 W，频率40 kHz）45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用60%乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液5 ml，置10 ml量瓶中，照标准曲线的制备项下的方法，自“加1%三乙胺溶液”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中含芹菜素的重量，计算，即得。
Take about 0.6 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of 60% ethanol, seal tightly, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 45 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 60% ethanol, shake well, and filter. Accurately take 5 ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10 ml volumetric flask, follow the method under the preparation of the standard curve, starting from "add 1% triethylamine solution", determine the absorbance according to the law, read the weight of apigenin in the test solution from the standard curve, and calculate.

本品按干燥品计算，含总黄酮以芹菜素（C15H10O5）计，不得少于0.050%。
Calculated as dry product, the total flavonoids are calculated as apigenin (C15H10O5), not less than 0.050%.

饮片 Prepared slices

生天南星 Clean Arisaema

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Remove impurities from raw Arisaema, wash it clean, and dry it.

性状 Characteristics

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

毒性 Toxicity

有毒。
Toxic.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter, pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、脾经。
Belongs to the lung, liver, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

散结消肿。
Disperse nodules and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

外用治痈肿，蛇虫咬伤。
Used externally to treat carbuncles and swelling, snake and insect bites.

用量 Dosage

外用生品适量。
Take an appropriate amount of raw product for external use.

用法 Administration

研末以醋或酒调敷患处。
Grind it into powder, mix it with vinegar or wine, and apply it to the affected area.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用；生品内服宜慎。
Caution should be exercised in pregnant women; caution should be exercised when taking raw products internally.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉、防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against mold and moth.

天南星

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为天南星科植物天南星Arisaema erubescens（Wall.）Schott、异叶天南星Arisaema heterophyllum Bl.或东北天南星Arisaema amurense Maxim.的干燥块茎。秋、冬二季茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根及外皮，干燥。
Jackinthepulpit Tuber is the dried tuber of Arisaema erubescens (Wall.) Schott., Arisaema heterophyllum Bl. or Arisaema amurense Maxim. (Fam. Araceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter when the stem and leaf are withered, removed from fibrous roots and outer tissue, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈扁球形，高1～2cm，直径1.5～6.5cm。表面类白色或淡棕色，较光滑，顶端有凹陷的茎痕，周围有麻点状根痕，有的块茎周边有小扁球状侧芽。质坚硬，不易破碎，断面不平坦，白色，粉性。气微辛，味麻辣。
Oblate, 1-2 cm high, 1.5-6.5 cm in diameter. Externally whitish or brownish, relatively smooth, top with dented stem scars, encircled with numerous pitted fibrous root scars, some tubers surrounded by small oblate lateral buds. Texture hard and uneasily broken, fracture uneven, white and starchy. Odour, acrid; taste, numb and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末类白色。淀粉粒以单粒为主，圆球形或长圆形，直径2～17μm，脐点点状、裂缝状，大粒层纹隐约可见；复粒少数，由2～12分粒组成。草酸钙针晶散在或成束存在于黏液细胞中，长63～131μm。草酸钙方晶多见于导管旁的薄壁细胞中，直径3～20μm。
（2）取本品粉末5g，加60%乙醇50ml，超声处理45分钟，滤过，滤液置水浴上挥尽乙醇，加于AB－8型大孔吸附树脂柱（内径为1cm，柱高为10cm）上，以水50ml洗脱，弃去水液，再用30%乙醇50ml洗脱，收集洗脱液，蒸干，残渣加乙醇1ml使溶解，离心，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取天南星对照药材5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙醇-吡啶-浓氨试液-水（8：3：3：2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%氢氧化钾甲醇溶液，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201>, the hot extraction method, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

对照品溶液的制备取芹菜素对照品适量，精密称定，加60%乙醇制成每1ml含12μg的溶液，即得。
标准曲线的制备精密量取对照品溶液1ml、2ml、3ml、4ml、5ml，分别置10ml量瓶中，各加60%乙醇至5ml，加1%三乙胺溶液至刻度，摇匀，以相应的试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在400nm的波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。

饮片 Prepared slices

天南星 Jackinthepulpit

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, and dry.

性 Property

苦、辛，温；有毒。
Warm; bitter and pungent; toxic.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝、脾经。
Lung, liver, and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

散结消肿。
To dissipate bind and disperse swelling.

主治 Indications

外用治痈肿，蛇虫咬伤。
Topical application: Swelling abscess and bites of insects, worms, or snakes.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

外用生品适量，研末以醋或酒调敷患处。
Appropriate amount for topical application after grinding the crude drug into powder and then mixing with vinegar or wine cautiously.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用；生品内服宜慎。
Use with caution during pregnancy. Unprocessed crude drug for oral administration should be cautious.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉、防蛀。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place, prevent mold and moth.