木通

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木通科植物木通Akebia quinata（Thunb.）Decne.、三叶木通Akebia trifoliata（Thunb.）Koidz.或白木通Akebia trifoliata（Thunb.）Koidz. var. australis（Diels）Rehd.的干燥藤茎。秋季采收，截取茎部，除去细枝，阴干。
Akebia Stem is the dried stem of Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne., Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz., or Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd. (Fam. Lardizabalaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, the stem is cut, the branches are removed, and it is dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，常稍扭曲，长30～70cm，直径0.5～2cm。表面灰棕色至灰褐色，外皮粗糙而有许多不规则的裂纹或纵沟纹，具突起的皮孔。节部膨大或不明显，具侧枝断痕。体轻，质坚实，不易折断，断面不整齐，皮部较厚，黄棕色，可见淡黄色颗粒状小点，木部黄白色，射线呈放射状排列，髓小或有时中空，黄白色或黄棕色。气微，味微苦而涩。
Akebia Stem is cylindrical, often slightly twisted, 30-70 cm long, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. The surface is gray-brown to grayish-brown, rough with many irregular cracks or longitudinal grooves, and has protruding lenticels. The nodes are swollen or not obvious, with scars of lateral branches. It is light in weight, solid in texture, not easily broken, with an uneven fracture surface. The bark is thick, yellow-brown, with small yellowish granules visible, the wood is yellowish-white, the rays are arranged radially, the pith is small or sometimes hollow, yellowish-white or yellow-brown. It has a slight odor, and a slightly bitter and astringent taste.

鉴别 Identification

(1) 本品粉末浅棕色或棕色。含晶石细胞方形或长方形，胞腔内含1至数个棱晶。中柱鞘纤维细长梭形，直径10～40μm，胞腔内含密集的小棱晶，周围常可见含晶石细胞。木纤维长梭形，直径8～28μm，壁增厚，具裂隙状单纹孔或小的具缘纹孔。具缘纹孔导管直径20～110（220）μm，纹孔椭圆形、卵圆形或六边形。
(1) The powder of Akebia Stem is light brown or brown. It contains crystal cells that are square or rectangular, with 1 to several prisms in the cell cavity. The parenchyma fibers are slender and fusiform, with a diameter of 10-40 μm, and the cell cavity contains densely packed small prisms, and crystal cells are often seen around. The wood fibers are long and fusiform, with a diameter of 8-28 μm, thickened walls, and have fissure-like simple pits or small bordered pits. The vessels with bordered pits have a diameter of 20-110 (220) μm, and the pits are elliptical, ovoid, or hexagonal.

(2) 取本品粉末1g，加70%甲醇50ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取3次，每次10ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取木通苯乙醇苷B对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（30∶10∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1g of the powder, add 50 ml of 70% methanol, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10 ml of water, extract with three 10-ml portions of ethyl acetate, evaporate the combined ethyl acetate extracts to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of methanol as the test solution. Dissolve Akebia Saponin B CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (30:10:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 2% solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.5 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水-磷酸溶液(35∶65∶0.5）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按木通苯乙醇苷B峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water-phosphoric acid solution (35:65:0.5) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 330nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of Atractylenolide B should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取木通苯乙醇苷B对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含40μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of Atractylenolide B reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 40μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末(过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液4ml，置10ml量瓶中，加70%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of 70% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 45 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up the lost weight with 70% methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 4ml of the filtrate, place it in a 10ml volumetric flask, add 70% methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 5μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含木通苯乙醇苷B（C23H26O11）不得少于0.15%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of Atractylenolide B (C23H26O11) should not be less than 0.15%.

饮片 Prepared slices

木通 Akebia Stem

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，用水浸泡，泡透后捞岀，切片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, soak in Water, remove when thoroughly soaked, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆形、椭圆形或不规则形片。外表皮灰棕色或灰褐色。切面射线呈放射状排列，髓小或有时中空。气微，味微苦而涩。
This product is round, oval or irregular shape. Epidermis grayish brown or grayish brown. The section rays are radially arranged, and the pith is small or sometimes hollow. The taste is slightly bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
The same as medicinal materials.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、小肠、膀胱经。
Enter the Heart, Small Intestine, and Bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

利尿通淋，清心除烦，通经下乳。
Diuretic, clear the Heart and relieve restlessness, promote menstruation and lactation.

主治 Indications

用于淋证，水肿，心烦尿赤，口舌生疮，经闭乳少，湿热痹痛。
Used for urinary disorders, edema, restlessness with red urine, mouth and tongue sores, amenorrhea and insufficient lactation, damp-heat arthralgia.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

木通

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为木通科植物木通Akebia quinata （Thunb.）Decne.三叶木通Akebia trifoliata （Thunb.）Koidz.或白木通Akebia trifoliata （Thunb.）Koidz. var. australis（Diels）Rehd.的干燥藤茎。秋季采收，截取茎部，除去细枝，阴干。
Akebia Stem is the dried lianoid stem of Akebia quinata (Thunb.) Decne., Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. or Akebia trifoliata (Thunb.) Koidz. var. australis (Diels) Rehd (Fam. Lardizabalaceae). The drug is collected in autumn, removed from fine branch, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，常稍扭曲，长30～70cm，直径0.5～2cm。表面灰棕色至灰褐色，外皮粗糙而有许多不规则的裂纹或纵沟纹，具突起的皮孔。节部膨大或不明显，具侧枝断痕。体轻，质坚实，不易折断，断面不整齐，皮部较厚，黄棕色，可见淡黄色颗粒状小点，木部黄白色，射线呈放射状排列，髓小或有时中空，黄白色或黄棕色。气微，味微苦而涩。
Cylindrical, often slightly twisted, 30-70 cm long, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-brown, outerbark rough, with irregular longitudinal cracks and furrows. Lenticels distinct. Nodes sometimes swollen or indistinct, with scars of lateral branches. Texture light, compact, uneasily broken, fracture uneven, bark relatively broad, yellowish brown, granular dots visible, pale yellow, wood yellowish-white, rays arranged radially, pith small, occasionally hollowed, yellowish-white or yellowish-brown. Odour, slight； taste, slightly bitter and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末浅棕色或棕色。含晶石细胞方形或长方形，胞腔内含1至数个棱晶。中柱鞘纤维细长梭形，直径10～40μm，胞腔内含密集的小棱晶，周围常可见含晶石细胞。木纤维长梭形，直径8～28μm，壁增厚，具裂隙状单纹孔或小的具缘纹孔。具缘纹孔导管直径20～110（220）μm，纹孔椭圆形、卵圆形或六边形。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加70%甲醇50ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，用乙酸乙酯振摇提取3次，每次10ml，合并乙酸乙酯液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取木通苯乙醇苷B对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（30：10：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法>。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.5 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水-磷酸溶液（35：65：0.5）为流动相；检测波长为330nm。理论板数按木通苯乙醇苷B峰计算应不低于3000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, water and phosphonic acid (35 : 65 : 0.5) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 330 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 3000, calculated with reference to the peak of calceolarioside B.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取木通苯乙醇苷B对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含40μg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of calceolarioside B CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to produce a solution containing 40 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流45分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液4ml，置10ml量瓶中，加70%甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 0.5 g of the powder (through No. 4 sieve) in a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 25 ml of 70% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 45 minutes, cool, weigh again, replenish the loss of the weight with 70% methanol, mix well and filter. Measure accurately 4 ml of the successive filtrate in a 10 ml volumetric flask, dilute with 70% methanol to volume, mix well and filter, use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 5 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, into the column and calculate the content. It contains not less than 0.15 per cent of calceolarioside B (C23H26O11), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

木通 Akebia Stem

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，用水浸泡，泡透后捞出，切片，干燥。
Processing Eliminate foreign matter, soften thoroughly in water, cut into slices, and dry.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

心、小肠、膀胱经。
Heart, small intestine, and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

利尿通淋，清心除烦，通经下乳。
To disinhibit urine, relieve stranguria, clear the heart, relieve vexation, unblock the meridians, and promote lactation.

主治 Indications

用于淋证，水肿，心烦尿赤，口舌生疮，经闭乳少，湿热痹痛。
Stranguria, edema, vexation, red urine, mouth and tongue sores, amenorrhea, oligogalactia, dampness-heat arthralgia.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.