青蒿

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》

概述

本品为菊科植物黄花蒿Artemisia annua L.的干燥地上部分。秋季花盛开时采割，除去老茎，阴干。

性状

本品茎呈圆柱形，上部多分枝，长30～80cm，直径0.2～0.6cm表面黄绿色或棕黄色，具纵棱线；质略硬，易折断，断面中部有髓。叶互生，暗绿色或棕绿色，卷缩易碎，完整者展平后为三回羽状深裂，裂片和小裂片矩圆形或长椭圆形，两面被短毛。气香特异，味微苦。

鉴别

取本品粉末3g，加石油醚（60～90°C）50ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加正己烷30ml使溶解，用20%乙腈溶液振摇提取3次，每次10ml，合并乙腈液，蒸干，残渣加乙醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取青蒿素对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90°C）-乙醚（4：5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以2%香草醛的10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查

水分

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。

总灰分

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。

浸出物

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用无水乙醇作溶剂，不得少于1.9%。

饮片

青蒿

炮制

除去杂质，喷淋清水，稍润，切段，干燥。

性状

本品呈不规则的段，长0.5～1.5cm。茎呈圆柱形，表面黄绿色或棕黄色，具纵棱线，质略硬，切面黄白色，髓白色。叶片多皱缩或破碎，暗绿色或棕绿色，完整者展平后为三回羽状深裂，裂片及小裂片矩圆形或长椭圆形，两面被短毛。花黄色，气香特异，味微苦。

性

寒。

味

苦、辛。

归经

归肝、胆经。

功能

清虚热，除骨蒸，解暑热，截疟，退黄。

主治

用于温邪伤阴，夜热早凉，阴虚发热，骨蒸劳热，暑邪发热，疟疾寒热，湿热黄疸。

用量

6～12 g。

用法

后下。

贮藏

置阴凉干燥处。

Sweet Wormwood Herb, also known as Qinghao (Artemisiae Annuae Herba), is the dried aerial part of the plant Artemisia annua L. from the Compositae family. It is collected during autumn when the flowers are in full bloom, and the older stems are removed before being dried in the shade.

Description:
The stems of Sweet Wormwood Herb are cylindrical in shape, with multiple branches at the upper part. They can grow up to 30-80cm in length and have a diameter of 0.2-0.6cm. The surface of the stems is yellowish-green or brownish-yellow, with longitudinal ridges. The texture is slightly hard and easily breakable, with a medullated center. The leaves are alternate, dark green or brownish-green in color, and rolled and crumpled. When whole, the leaves are 3-pinnatipartite, with oblong or long-elliptical segments and smaller segments. Both surfaces of the leaves are covered in short hairs. Sweet Wormwood Herb has a characteristic aromatic odor and a slightly bitter taste.

Identification:
To identify Sweet Wormwood Herb, 3g of the powder is mixed with 50ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C) and heated under reflux for 1 hour. The mixture is then filtered, and the filtrate is evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 30ml of n-hexane. The extract is then combined with three 10ml portions of a 20% acetonitrile solution and evaporated to dryness. The residue is dissolved in 0.5ml of ethanol to create the test solution. A reference solution is prepared by dissolving artemisinin CRS in ethanol to produce a solution containing 1mg per ml. Thin layer chromatography is performed using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (60-90°C) and ether (4:5) as the mobile phase. 5μl of each solution is separately applied to the plate. After development and removal of the plate, it is dried and sprayed with a 2% solution of vanillin in 10% sulfuric acid in ethanol. The plate is then heated at 105°C until the spots become clear and examined under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution should correspond in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

Examination:

• Water content should not exceed 14.0%.
• Total ash should not exceed 8.0%.
• The extractives should not be less than 1.9%.

Prepared Slices:
To prepare Sweet Wormwood Herb, foreign matter is removed, and the herb is sprayed with water to moisten it slightly. It is then cut into sections and dried in the sun.

Property and Flavor:
Sweet Wormwood Herb has a cold property and a bitter and pungent flavor.

Meridian Tropism:
It belongs to the liver and gallbladder meridians.

Actions and Indications:
Sweet Wormwood Herb is used to clear deficiency heat, relieve steaming bone, release summer heat, interrupt malaria, and abate jaundice. It is indicated for conditions such as warm pathogen damaging yin, fever at night and cool in the morning, yin deficiency fever, bone-steaming and consumptive fever, fever induced by summer pathogen, malaria, and dampness-heat jaundice.

Administration and Dosage:
The recommended dosage of Sweet Wormwood Herb is 6-12g. It should be added when the decoction is nearly done.

Storage:
Sweet Wormwood Herb should be stored in a cool and dry place.