番泻叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物狭叶番泻Cassia angustifolia Vahl或尖叶番泻Cassia acutifolia Delile的干燥小叶。
Senna Leaf is the dried leaflet of Cassia angustifolia Vahl or Cassia acutifolia Delile (Fam. Leguminosae).

性状 Description

狭叶番泻 Narrow-leaved Senna

呈长卵形或卵状披针形，长1.5～5cm，宽0.4～2cm，叶端急尖，叶基稍不对称，全缘。上表面黄绿色，下表面浅黄绿色，无毛或近无毛，叶脉稍隆起。革质。气微弱而特异，味微苦，稍有黏性。
It is long ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-5cm long, 0.4-2cm wide, with sharply pointed leaf ends, slightly asymmetrical leaf bases, and entire. Upper surface yellow-green, lower surface light yellow-green, glabrous or nearly glabrous, leaf veins slightly elevated. Leathery. Air weak and peculiar, taste slightly bitter, slightly viscous.

尖叶番泻 Senna

呈披针形或长卵形，略卷曲，叶端短尖或微突，叶基不对称，两面均有细短毛茸。
It is lanceolate or long ovate, slightly curled, with mucronate or emarginate leaf ends, asymmetric leaf bases, and fine short hairy velutinous hairs on both surfaces.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末淡绿色或黄绿色。晶纤维多，草酸钙方晶直径12～15μm。非腺毛单细胞，长100～350μm，直径12～25μm，壁厚，有疣状突起。草酸钙簇晶存在于叶肉薄壁细胞中，直径9～20μm。上下表皮细胞表面观呈多角形，垂周壁平直；上下表皮均有气孔，主为平轴式，副卫细胞大多为2个，也有3个。
(1) The powder of this product is light green or yellowish green. There are many crystal fibers, calcium oxalate square crystals with a diameter of 12-15 μm. non-glandular hairs are unicellular, with a length of 100-350 μm, a diameter of 12-25 μm, a thick wall, and warty protrusions. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are present in the thin-walled cells of the leaf flesh, 9-20 μm in diameter.The surface view of the upper and lower epidermal cells is polygonal, with flat peripheral walls; the upper and lower epidermis have stomata, the main one being flat-axial, and the parietal guard cells are mostly two or three in number.

（2）取本品粉末25mg，加水50ml和盐酸2ml，置水浴中加热15分钟，放冷，加乙醚40ml，振摇提取，分取醚层，通过无水硫酸钠层脱水，滤过，取滤液5ml，蒸干，放冷，加氨试液5ml，溶液显黄色或橙色，置水浴中加热2分钟后，变为紫红色。
(2) Take 25mg of powder, add 50ml of water and 2ml of hydrochloric acid, heat in water bath for 15 minutes, cool, add 40ml of ether, extract by shaking, separate the ether layer, dehydrate by anhydrous sodium sulfate layer, filter, take 5ml of filtrate, evaporate to dryness, cool, add 5ml of ammonia test solution, the solution shows yellow or orange, after heating in the water bath for 2 minutes, it turns into purplish red.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加稀乙醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，离心，取上清液，蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，用石油醚（60～90℃）振摇提取3次，每次15ml，弃去石油醚液，取水液蒸干，残渣加稀乙醇5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取番泻叶对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，使成条状，以乙酸乙酯-正丙醇-水（4∶4∶3）为展开剂，展开缸预平衡15分钟，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点；喷以20%硝酸溶液，在120℃加热约10分钟，放冷，再喷以5%氢氧化钾的稀乙醇溶液，供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(3) Take 1g of powder, add 10ml of dilute ethanol, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, centrifugation, take the supernatant, evaporation, residue add 10ml of water to dissolve, extracted with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) vibration for 3 times, each time 15 ml, discard the petroleum ether solution, take the aqueous solution and evaporation, the residue add 5 ml of dilute ethanol to dissolve as a solution for the test product. Take 1g of control herb of Senna, and make the solution of control herb by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions each 3μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, so that the strip, ethyl acetate - n-propanol - water (4:4:3) as the unfolding agent, the expansion cylinder pre-equilibrium 15 minutes, unfolding, take out, air dry, and placed in the ultraviolet lamp (365nm) to check. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb, the fluorescent spots of the same color were shown; sprayed with 20% nitric acid solution, heated at 120℃ for about 10 minutes, cooled, and then sprayed with dilute ethanol solution of 5% potassium hydroxide, the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb, the spots of the same color were shown.

检查 Examination

杂质 Impurities

不得过6%（通则2301）。
Not more than 6 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-醋酸-醋酸钠缓冲液（pH5.0）（1→10）［注］（35∶65）混合溶液1000ml中，加入四庚基溴化铵2.45g为流动相；检测波长为340nm；柱温为40℃。理论板数按番泻苷B峰计算应不低于6500。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer solution (pH 5.0) (1→10)［Note］(35∶65) mixed solution 1000ml, add tetrahexylammonium bromide 2.45g as the mobile phase; detection wavelength is 340nm; column temperature is 40℃. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of aloe-emodin B should not be less than 6500.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取番泻苷A对照品、番泻苷B对照品适量，减压干燥12小时，置棕色量瓶中，加0.1%碳酸氢钠溶液制成每1ml含番泻苷A50μg、番泻苷B0.1mg的混合溶液，摇匀，即得。
Take appropriate amount of aloe-emodin A reference substance and aloe-emodin B reference substance, dry under reduced pressure for 12 hours, place in a brown volumetric flask, add 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution to prepare a mixed solution containing 50μg of aloe-emodin A and 0.1mg of aloe-emodin B per 1ml, shake well, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品细粉约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入0.1%碳酸氢钠溶液50ml，称定重量，超声处理15分钟（30～40℃），放冷，再称定重量，用0.1%碳酸氢钠溶液补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product, accurately weigh, place in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution, weigh, treat with ultrasound for 15 minutes (30-40℃), cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with 0.1% sodium bicarbonate solution, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, determine, and obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含番泻苷A（C42H38O20）和番泻苷B（C42H38O20）的总量，不得少于1.1%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of aloe-emodin A (C42H38O20) and aloe-emodin B (C42H38O20) should not be less than 1.1 per cent.

性 Property

寒。
cold.

味 Flavor

甘、苦。
Sweet and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归大肠经。
Belongs to the large intestine meridian.

功能 Actions

泻热行滞，通便，利水。
Clear heat and relieve stagnation, promote bowel movement, and diuretic.

主治 Indications

用于热结积滞，便秘腹痛，水肿胀满。
Used for heat accumulation and stagnation, constipation with abdominal pain, and edema and distension.

用量 Dosage

2～6g。
2-6 g.

用法 Administration

后下，或开水泡服。
Add when the decoction is nearly done, or soak in boiling water and take orally.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Caution for pregnant women.

贮藏 Storage

避光，置通风干燥处。
Avoid light, store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

注∶1mol/L醋酸-醋酸钠（pH5.0）缓冲液的制备 | Preparation of 1mol/L acetic acid-sodium acetate (pH 5.0) buffer solution

取1mol/L醋酸钠溶液，用稀醋酸试液调制成pH为5.0的溶液，再稀释10倍，即得。
Take 1mol/L sodium acetate solution, adjust the pH to 5.0 with dilute acetic acid test solution, and then dilute 10 times to obtain the buffer solution.

番泻叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为豆科植物狭叶番泻Cassia angustifolia Vahl或尖叶番泻Cassia acutifolia Delile的干燥小叶。
Senna Leaf is the dried leaflet of Cassia angustifolia Vahl or Cassia acutifolia Delile (Fam.Leguminosae).

性状 Description

狭叶番泻 Leaf of Cassia angustifolia

呈长卵形或卵状披针形，长1.5～5cm，宽0.4～2cm，叶端急尖，叶基稍不对称，全缘。上表面黄绿色，下表面浅黄绿色，无毛或近无毛，叶脉稍隆起。革质。气微弱而特异，味微苦，稍有黏性。
Elongated ovate or ovate-lanceolate, 1.5-5 cm long, 0.4-2 cm wide, margin entire, apex acute, base slightly asymmetrical. Upper surface yellowish-green, lower surface pale yellowish-green, glabrous or nearly glabrous, veins slightly prominent. Texture leathery. Odour, slight and characteristic; taste, slightly bitter and mucilaginous.

尖叶番泻 Leaf of Cassia acutifolia

呈披针形或长卵形，略卷曲，叶端短尖或微突，叶基不对称，两面均有细短毛茸。
Lanceolate or elongated ovate, slightly rolled, apex mucronate or slightly convex, base asymmetrical, both surfaces covered with fine and short hairs.

鉴别 Identification

(1) 本品粉末

淡绿色或黄绿色。晶纤维多，草酸钙方晶直径12～15μm。非腺毛单细胞，长100～350μm，直径12～25μm，壁厚，有疣状突起。草酸钙簇晶存在于叶肉薄壁细胞中，直径9～20μm。上下表皮细胞表面观呈多角形，垂周壁平直；上下表皮均有气孔，主为平轴式，副卫细胞大多为2个，也有3个。
Powder: Pale green or yellowish-green. Crystal fibres numerous, prisms of calcium oxalate 12-15 μm in diameter. Non-glandular hairs unicellular, 100-350 μm long, 12-25 μm in diameter, with thickened and warty walls. Clusters of calcium oxalate occurring in parenchymatous cells of mesophyll, 9-20 μm in diameter. Epidermal cells of both surfaces polygonal in surface view, with straight anticlinal walls; stomata occurring on both surfaces, mostly paracytic, subsidiary cells mostly 2, sometimes 3.

(2) 取本品粉末25mg，加水50ml和盐酸2ml，置水浴中加热15分钟，放冷，加乙醚40ml，振摇提取，分取醚层，通过无水硫酸钠层脱水，滤过，取滤液5ml，蒸干，放冷，加氨试液5ml，溶液显黄色或橙色，置水浴中加热2分钟后，变为紫红色。

To 25 mg of the powder add 50 ml of water and 2 ml of hydrochloric acid, heat on a water bath for 15 minutes, allow to cool. Extract with 40 ml of ether, separate the ether layer and dehydrate with anhydrous sodium sulfate and filter. Evaporate 5 ml of the filtrate to dryness, allow to cool, add 5 ml of ammonia TS, a yellow or orange colour is produced, changing to purplish-red when heated on a water bath for 2 minutes.

(3) 取本品粉末1g，加稀乙醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，离心，取上清液，蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，用石油醚（60～90℃）振摇提取3次，每次15ml，弃去石油醚液，取水液蒸干，残渣加稀乙醇5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取番泻叶对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各3μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，使成条状，以乙酸乙酯-正丙醇-水（4：4：3）为展开剂，展开缸预平衡15分钟，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点；喷以20%硝酸溶液，在120℃加热约10分钟，放冷，再喷以5%氢氧化钾的稀乙醇溶液，供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

To 0.5 g of the powder add 3 ml of a mixture solution of equal quantities of ethanol and water, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, centrifuge, use the supernatant as the test solution. Prepare a solution with 0.5 g of Sennae Folium reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate, n-propanol and water (4 : 4 : 3) as the mobile phase. Apply separately 10 μl of each of the above two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution. Spray with 20% nitric acid, heat at 120℃ for 10 minutes, allow to cool, spray again with a 5% solution of potassium hydroxide in dilute ethanol TS, examine in daylight. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过6%（通则2301）。
Not more than 6 per cent<2301>.

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent<0832, method 2>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

贮藏 Storage

避光，置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from light.

性 Property

甘、苦。
Sweet and bitter.

味 Flavor

寒。
Cold.

归经 Meridian tropism

归大肠经。
Large intestine meridian.

功能 Actions

泻热行滞，通便，利水。
To purge heat, move stagnation, open the bowels, and induce diuresis.

主治 Indications

用于热结积滞，便秘腹痛，水肿胀满。
Heat bind, accumulation, stagnation, constipation with abdominal pain, edema distention and fullness.

用量 Dosage

2～6g。
2-6 g.

用法 Administration

后下，或开水泡服。
Add when the decoction is nearly done, or soaked in boiling water.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.