菊苣

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系维吾尔族习用药材。为菊科植物毛菊苣Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet或菊苣Cichorium intybus L.的干燥地上部分或根。夏、秋二季采割地上部分或秋末挖根，除去泥沙和杂质，晒干。
Cichorium Herb and Cichorium Radix are the dried aerial part or root of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet or Cichorium intybus L. (Fam. Compositae), which are commonly used by the Uighur ethnic group. The drug is collected in summer or autumn, and the aerial part is harvested during the flowering period, while the root is dug up at the end of autumn. After removing dirt and impurities, it is dried.

性状 Description

毛菊苣 Herb of Cichorium glandulosum

茎呈圆柱形，稍弯曲；表面灰绿色或带紫色，具纵棱，被柔毛或刚毛，断面黄白色，中空。叶多破碎，灰绿色，两面被柔毛；茎中部的完整叶片呈长圆形，基部无柄，半抱茎；向上叶渐小，圆耳状抱茎，边缘有刺状齿。头状花序5～13个成短总状排列。总苞钟状，直径5～6 mm；苞片2层，外层稍短或近等长，被毛；舌状花蓝色。瘦果倒卵形，表面有棱及波状纹理，顶端截形，被鳞片状冠毛，长0.8～1 mm，棕色或棕褐色，密布黑棕色斑。气微，味咸、微苦。
Stems cylindrical, slightly curved; surface grayish-green or purplish, with longitudinal ridges, covered with soft or stiff hairs; cross-section yellowish-white, hollow. Leaves mostly broken, grayish-green, with soft hairs on both surfaces; intact leaves in the middle of the stem are elongated and oval-shaped, without petioles at the base, semi-amplexicaul; as they go up, the leaves become smaller, with rounded auricles embracing the stem, and the edges have spiny teeth. Capitula 5-13, arranged in a short corymbose manner. Involucre campanulate, with a diameter of 5-6 mm; involucral bracts 2-layered, outer layer slightly shorter or nearly equal in length, covered with hairs; ligulate flowers blue. Achenes inverted-ovate, with ridges and wavy patterns on the surface, truncate at the apex, covered with scale-like coronal hairs, 0.8-1 mm long, brown or brownish-brown, densely covered with blackish-brown spots. Odour, slight; taste, salty and slightly bitter.

毛菊苣根 Root of Cichorium glandulosum

主根呈圆锥形，有侧根和多数须根，长10～20 cm，直径0.5～1.5 cm。表面棕黄色，具细腻不规则纵皱纹。质硬，不易折断，断面外侧黄白色，中部类白色，有时空心。气微，味苦。
Main root conical, with lateral roots and numerous adventitious roots, 10-20 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter. Surface brownish-yellow, with fine and irregular longitudinal wrinkles. Texture hard, not easily broken, outer side of the fracture yellowish-white, middle part whitish, sometimes hollow. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

菊苣 Herb of Cichorium intybus

茎表面近光滑。茎生叶少，长圆状披针形。头状花序少数，簇生；苞片外短内长，无毛或先端被稀毛。瘦果鳞片状，冠毛短，长0.2～0.3 mm。
Stems with a nearly smooth surface. Stem leaves few, elongated and lanceolate. Capitula few, clustered; involucral bracts shorter on the outside and longer on the inside, without hairs or sparsely hairy at the apex. Achenes scale-like, with short coronal hairs, 0.2-0.3 mm long.

菊苣根 Root of Cichorium intybus

顶端有时有2～3叉。表面灰棕色至褐色，粗糙，具深纵纹，外皮常脱落，脱落后显棕色至棕褐色，有少数侧根和须根。嚼之有韧性。
Sometimes bifurcated at the apex. Surface grayish-brown to brown, rough, with deep longitudinal wrinkles, outer bark often peeling off, revealing brown to brownish-brown color after peeling, with a few lateral roots and adventitious roots. Chewy when masticated.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：
(1) Transverse section of stem:

毛菊苣茎 Stem of Cichorium glandulosum

表皮偶有多细胞腺毛。棱角处皮下为厚角细胞，皮层细胞充满黄棕色内含物；内皮层细胞凯氏点较明显，中柱鞘纤维不发达，维管束外韧型，约有20～25束，形成层明显，导管类圆形，单个或数个环列于木质部，直径8～50 μm。
Epidermis occasionally with multicellular glandular hairs. Subcutis at angles is thick horny cells, cortical cells filled with yellowish brown inclusions; endodermal cells with Kjeldahl dots more obvious, mesostylar sheath fibres undeveloped, vascular bundles of exoteric type, ca. 20-25 bundles, formation layer obvious, ducts classified as rounded, single or several circumnavigated in the xylem, 8-50 μm in diam.

毛菊苣根 Root of Cichorium glandulosum

木栓层2～3列细胞，棕黄色；韧皮射线或多列。形成层明显，木质部导管散在或2～6个径向排列，木射线1～6列，细胞宽，细胞壁薄，纹孔明显。
Cork layer 2- to 3-lined cells, brownish yellow; bast rays or multilined. Formation layer obvious, xylem ducts scattered or 2-6 radially arranged, wood rays 1-6 columns, cells wide, cell wall thin, grain holes obvious.

菊苣茎 Stem of Cichorium intybus

中柱鞘纤维较发达，导管数个或十数个相聚，间断环列于木质部。
Mesostylar sheath fibres more developed, conduits several or dozens of them clustered, interruptedly annular in xylem.

菊苣根 Root of Cichorium intybus

木质部约占横切面的1/2。
Xylem occupying ca. 1/2 of cross section.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加石油醚（60～90℃）30 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，药渣备用；滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯-甲醇（1︰1）混合溶液1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取菊苣（或菊苣根）对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-二氯甲烷（1︰4）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1 g of powder, add petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) 30 ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, dregs standby; filtrate evaporation, residue plus ethyl acetate - methanol (1: 1) mixture of 1 ml to dissolve, as a test solution. Also take chicory (or chicory root) control herb 1 g, the same method into the control herb solution. According to the thin-layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 10 μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, with petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) - dichloromethane (1: 4) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, drying, sprayed with 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution, heated to 105 ℃ until the spots show clear colour. In the chromatogram of the test article, the spots of the same colour are shown in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb.

（3）取〔鉴别〕（2）项下的药渣，挥尽石油醚，加乙酸乙酯30 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙酸乙酯-甲醇（1︰2）混合溶液1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取菊苣（或菊苣根）对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶 GF254薄层板上，以二氯甲烷-甲醇（9︰1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；再喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，显相同颜色的斑点。
(3) Take [identification] (2) under the dregs, volatile petroleum ether, add ethyl acetate 30 ml, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue plus ethyl acetate - methanol (1: 2) mixture 1 ml to make soluble, as a test solution. Take 1 g of chicory (or chicory root) control herb, and make control herb solution by the same method. According to the thin layer chromatography <0502>test, absorb the above two solutions of 10 μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, dichloromethane - methanol (9: 1) as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, and placed in the ultraviolet light (254 nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control herb, the spots of the same colour were shown; then sprayed with 10% ethanol sulfate solution, and heated at 105 ℃ until the spots showed clear colour, and the spots of the same colour were shown.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用55%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using 55% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

菊苣 Cichorium Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切段。
Eliminate Foreign matter, cut into sections.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the herb.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the herb.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the herb.

性 Property

凉。
Cold.

毒性 Toxicity

无。
None.

味 Flavor

微苦、咸。
Slightly bitter and salty.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胆、胃经。
Liver, gallbladder, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

清肝利胆，健胃消食，利尿消肿。
To clear the liver and gallbladder, invigorate the stomach and promote digestion, diuretic and reduce swelling.

主治 Indications

用于湿热黄疸，胃痛食少，水肿尿少。
Used for damp-heat jaundice, stomach pain with poor appetite, edema with reduced urine.

用量 Dosage

9～18 g。
9-18 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

菊苣

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系维吾尔族习用药材。为菊科植物毛菊苣Cichorium glandulosum Boiss.et Huet或菊苣Cichorium intybus L.的干燥地上部分或根。夏、秋二季采割地上部分或秋末挖根，除去泥沙和杂质，晒干。
Chicory Herb and Chicory Root is the aerial part or root of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Hoet or Cichorium intybus L. (Fam. Compositae), habitually used by the Uygur nationality. Chicory Herb is collected in summer and autumn; Chicory Root is collected in later autumn, removed from soil and foreign matter, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

毛菊苣
茎呈圆柱形，稍弯曲；表面灰绿色或带紫色，具纵棱，被柔毛或刚毛，断面黄白色，中空。叶多破碎，灰绿色，两面被柔毛；茎中部的完整叶片呈长圆形，基部无柄，半抱茎；向上叶渐小，圆耳状抱茎，边缘有刺状齿。头状花序5～13个成短总状排列。总苞钟状，直径5～6mm； 苞片2层，外层稍短或近等长，被毛；舌状花蓝色。瘦果倒卵形，表面有棱及波状纹理，顶端截形，被鳞片状冠毛，长0.8～1mm，棕色或棕褐色，密布黑棕色斑。气微，味咸、微苦。

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：毛菊苣
表皮偶有多细胞腺毛。棱角处皮下为厚角细胞，皮层细胞充满黄棕色内含物；内皮层细胞凯氏点较明显，中柱鞘纤维不发达，维管束外韧型，约有20～25束，形成层明显，导管类圆形，单个或数个环列于木质部，直径8～50μm。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用55%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于10.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using 55% ethanol as the solvent, not less than 10.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

菊苣 Chicory Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切段。
Eliminate foreign matter, and cut into sections.

菊苣根 Chicory Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切段。
Eliminate foreign matter, and cut into sections.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

微苦、咸，凉。归肝、胆、胃经。
Cool; mild bitter, salty. Meridian tropism: Liver, gallbladder, and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

清肝利胆，健胃消食，利尿消肿。用于湿热黄疸，胃痛食少，水肿尿少。
To clear the liver, disinhibit gallbladder, invigorate the stomach, promote digestion, promote urination, and relieve swelling. Indicated for dampness-heat jaundice, stomachache and reduced food intake, edema, and small quantity of urination.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

9～18g。
9-18 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.