前胡

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物白花前胡Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn的干燥根。冬季至次春茎叶枯萎或未抽花茎时采挖，除去须根，洗净，晒干或低温干燥。
Peucedani Root is the dried root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in winter to early spring when the stem and leaves wither or before the flowering stem emerges, removed from rootlets, washed clean, and dried in the sun or at a low temperature.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的圆柱形、圆锥形或纺锤形，稍扭曲，下部常有分枝，长3～15cm，直径1～2cm。表面黑褐色或灰黄色，根头部多有茎痕和纤维状叶鞘残基，上端有密集的细环纹，下部有纵沟、纵皱纹及横向皮孔样突起。质较柔软，干者质硬，可折断，断面不整齐，淡黄白色，皮部散有多数棕黄色油点，形成层环纹棕色，射线放射状。气芳香，味微苦、辛。
Roots irregularly cylindrical, conical or fusiform, slightly twisted, often branched at the lower part, 3-15 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter; externally blackish-brown or greyish-yellow, with stem scars and fibrous leaf sheath remnants at the crown, densely annulate at the upper part, longitudinally grooved and wrinkled, with transverse lenticels-like protuberances at the lower part; texture relatively soft, hard when dry, easily broken, fracture uneven, pale yellowish-white, bark with numerous brownish-yellow oil dots, forming a ringed pattern, rays radiate. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为10列～20余列扁平细胞。近栓内层处油管稀疏排列成一轮。韧皮部宽广，外侧可见多数大小不等的裂隙；油管较多，类圆形，散在，韧皮射线近皮层处多弯曲。形成层环状。木质部大导管与小导管相间排列；木射线宽2～10列细胞，有油管零星散在；木纤维少见。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（1）Transverse section of this product:Cork consisting of 10 or more rows of flattened cells. Oil ducts in the suberous layer sparse, arranged in a ring. Cortex wide, with numerous unequal-sized clefts on the outer side; oil ducts relatively numerous, circular, scattered, cortical rays near the epidermis often curved. Cambium ring. Xylem with large and small vessels alternating; xylem rays 2-10 cells wide, with scattered oil ducts; wood fibres few. Parenchymatous cells containing starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加三氯甲烷10ml，超声处理10分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取白花前胡甲素对照品、白花前胡乙素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.5mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（3∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）To 0.5g of the powder add 10ml of chloroform, treat with ultrasound for 10 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 5ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a mixture of arnepavine CRS and praeruptorin B CRS by dissolving an appropriate amount in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.5mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C)and ethyl acetate(3:1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate,dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the cold maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（75∶25）为流动相；检测波长为321nm。理论板数按白花前胡甲素峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; methanol-water (75:25) as the mobile phase; detection wavelength at 321 nm. The theoretical plate number for the peak of praeruptorin A should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取白花前胡甲素对照品和白花前胡乙素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml各含50μg的混合溶液，即得。
Accurately weigh and dissolve an appropriate amount of arnepavine CRS and praeruptorin B CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 50μg per ml of each as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入三氯甲烷25ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率33kHz）10分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用三氯甲烷补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过；精密量取续滤液5ml，蒸干，残渣加甲醇溶解并转移至25ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Accurately weigh about 0.5g of the powder (through No.3 sieve), place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of chloroform, seal the flask, weigh accurately, treat with ultrasound (250W, 33kHz) for 10 minutes, cool, weigh accurately again, make up the loss in weight with chloroform, shake well, filter; accurately measure 5ml of the subsequent filtrate, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in methanol and transfer to a 25ml volumetric flask, dilute with methanol to the mark, shake well, and mix.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

含量 Content

本品按干燥品计算，含白花前胡甲素（C21H22O7）不得少于0.90%，含白花前胡乙素（C24H26O7）不得少于0.24%。
Calculated on the dried basis, the content of praeruptorin A (C21H22O7) should not be less than 0.90%, and the content of praeruptorin B (C24H26O7) should not be less than 0.24%.

饮片 Prepared slices

前胡 Peucedani Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形或不规则形的薄片。外表皮黑褐色或灰黄色，有时可见残留的纤维状叶鞘残基。切面黄白色至淡黄色，皮部散有多数棕黄色油点，可见一棕色环纹及放射状纹理。气芳香，味微苦、辛。
The product is in thin, rounded or irregularly shaped sheets. The epidermis is blackish brown or greyish yellow, sometimes with residual fibrous leaf sheath residues. The cut surface is yellowish-white to light yellow, with most brownish-yellow oil dots scattered in the skin, and a brown ring and radial texture can be seen. Gas aromatic, taste slightly bitter, pungent.

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过6.0%。
Same as the crude drug，not more than 6.0 per cent.

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
(except in cross-section)Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

蜜前胡 Honey-fried Peucedani Root

炮制 Processing

取前胡片，照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至不粘手。
Take Peucedani Root slices, process them according to the method of honey-fried (General Rule 0213) until they are not sticky.

性状 Description

本品形如前胡片，表面黄褐色，略具光泽，滋润。味微甜。
Honey-fried Peucedani Root is in the form of slices, with a yellow-brown surface, slight luster, and moist. Taste, slightly sweet.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过13.0%。
Same as the crude drug，not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
(except in cross-section)Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter, pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺经。
Lung meridian.

功能 Actions

降气化痰，散风清热。
To descend qi and transform phlegm, dispel wind and clear heat.

主治 Indications

用于痰热喘满，咯痰黄稠，风热咳嗽痰多。
Used for phlegm-heat cough with fullness in the chest, thick and yellow sputum, and cough with wind-heat and abundant phlegm.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, protected from mold and insects.

前胡

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为伞形科植物白花前胡Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn 的干燥根。冬季至次春茎叶枯萎或未抽花茎时采挖，除去须根，洗净，晒干或低温干燥。
Hogfennel Root is the dried root of Peucedanum praeruptorum Dunn (Fam. Umbelliferae). The drug is collected in winter to next spring when stem and leaves wither or before floral stem grows, removed from rootlet, washed clean and dried in the sun or at a lower temperature.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的圆柱形、圆锥形或纺锤形，稍扭曲，下部常有分枝，长3～15cm，直径1～2cm。表面黑褐色或灰黄色，根头部多有茎痕和纤维状叶鞘残基，上端有密集的细环纹，下部有纵沟、纵皱纹及横向皮孔样突起。质较柔软，干者质硬，可折断，断面不整齐，淡黄白色，皮部散有多数棕黄色油点，形成层环纹棕色，射线放射状。气芳香，味微苦、辛。
Irregular cylindrical, conical or fusiform, slightly twisted, the lower part frequently branched, 3-15 cm long, 1-2 cm in diameter.Externally blackish-brownor greyish-yellow, frequently with stem scars and fibrous remains of pericladia at the root stock, with numerous fine annular striations at the upper end, and longitudinal furrows or wrinkles and transverse lenticel-like cicatrices at the lower part.Texture relatively flexible, hard when dried, easily broken, fracture uneven, pale yellowish-white, numerous brownish-yellow oily spots scattered in bark, cambium ring brown, rays radiated. Odour, aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为10列～20余列扁平细胞。近栓内层处油管稀疏排列成一轮。韧皮部宽广，外侧可见多数大小不等的裂隙； 油管较多，类圆形，散在，韧皮射线近皮层处多弯曲。形成层环状。木质部大导管与小导管相间排列；木射线宽2～10列细胞，有油管零星散在；木纤维少见。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加三氯甲烷10ml，超声处理10分钟，滤过，液蒸干，残渣加甲醇5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取白花前胡甲素对照品、白花前胡乙素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含0.5mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，石油醚（60～90℃）-乙酸乙酯（3：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201） 项下的冷浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the cold maceration method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent; not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

前胡 Hogfennel Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，切薄片，晒干。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry in the sun.

本品呈类圆形或不规则形的薄片。外表皮黑褐色或灰黄色，有时可见残留的纤维状叶鞘残基。切面黄白色至淡黄色，皮部散有多数棕黄色油点，可见一棕色环纹及放射状纹理。气芳香，味微苦、辛。
In subrounded or irregular thin slices. Externally blackish-brown or greyish-yellow, sometimes with fibrous remains of leaf sheath. Cut surface yellowish-white to pale yellow, numerous brownish-yellow oily spots scattered in bark part, a brown annulation and radiated striations visible. Odour aromatic; taste slightly bitter and pungent.

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过6.0%。
Not more than 6.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）【检查】（水分）【浸出物】【含量测定】同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

蜜前胡 Hogfennel Root (processed with honey)

炮制 Processing

取前胡片，照蜜炙法（通则0213）炒至不粘手。
Stir-bake the slices of Hogfennel Root as described under the method for stir-baking with honey <0213> until not sticky to fingers.

本品形如前胡片，表面黄褐色，略具光泽，滋润。味微甜。
The shape similar to the slices, externally yellowish-brown, slightly lustrous and moistened. Taste slightly sweet.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过13.0%。
Not more than 13.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外）【检查】（总灰分酸不溶性灰分）【浸出物】【含量测定】同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、辛，微寒。归肺经。
Mild cold; bitter, pungent. Lung meridian.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

降气化痰，散风清热。用于痰热喘满， 咯痰黄稠，风热咳嗽痰多。
To direct qi downward, resolve phlegm, disperse wind and clear heat. Panting, fullness, yellow thick phlegm, wind-heat cough and profuse sputum due to phlegm heat.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from mould and moth.