使君子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为使君子科植物使君子Quisqualis indica L.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果皮变紫黑色时采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Quisqualis Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Quisqualis indica L. (Fam. Combretaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the pericarp turns purplish-black, removed from impurities, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或卵圆形，具5条纵棱，偶有4～9棱，长2.5～4 cm，直径约2 cm。表面黑褐色至紫黑色，平滑，微具光泽。顶端狭尖，基部钝圆，有明显圆形的果梗痕。质坚硬，横切面多呈五角星形，棱角处壳较厚，中间呈类圆形空腔。种子长椭圆形或纺锤形，长约2 cm，直径约1 cm；表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有多数纵皱纹；种皮薄，易剥离；子叶2，黄白色，有油性，断面有裂隙。气微香，味微甜。
Fruit ovoid or ellipsoid, 2.5-4 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter, with 5 longitudinal ridges, occasionally with 4-9 ridges; surface blackish-brown to purplish-black, smooth, slightly shiny; apex acute, base obtuse-rounded, with a distinct circular scar of the fruit stalk. Texture hard; transverse section pentagonal-star-shaped, shell thicker at the angles, with a circular cavity in the middle. Seeds elongated-ellipsoid or fusiform, about 2 cm long, about 1 cm in diameter; surface brownish-brown or blackish-brown, with numerous longitudinal wrinkles; testa thin, easily peeled off; cotyledons 2, yellowish-white, oily, with cracks on the section. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕色。种皮网纹细胞较多，椭圆形或不规则形，壁稍厚，具密集网状纹孔。果皮木化细胞众多，纺锤状、类椭圆形或不规则形，多破碎，壁稍厚，具密集纹孔。果皮表皮细胞黄棕色，表面观呈多角形。种皮表皮细胞黄色至黄棕色，表面观呈类长方形或多角形，有的内含黄棕色物。纤维直径7～34 μm，多成束。草酸钙簇晶，直径5～49 μm，散在或存在于子叶细胞中。
(1) The powder is brown. The seed coat has many reticulate cells, which are elliptical or irregular in shape, with slightly thick walls and dense reticulate pores. The fruit coat has many lignified cells, which are fusiform, elliptical or irregular in shape, and often broken, with slightly thick walls and dense pores. The epidermal cells of the fruit coat are yellowish-brown and appear polygonal under observation. The epidermal cells of the seed coat are yellow to yellowish-brown and appear rectangular or polygonal under observation, some of which contain yellowish-brown substances. The fibers have a diameter of 7-34 μm and are mostly bundled. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals, with a diameter of 5-49 μm, are scattered or present in the cotyledon cells.

（2）取本品种子的粉末1 g，加乙醚20 ml，超声处理10分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙酸乙酯2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取使君子仁对照药材1 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1～2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60°0-乙酸乙酯（4:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) To 1 g of the powder of the seed add 20 ml of ether, treat with ultrasound for 10 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2 ml of ethyl acetate as the test solution. Take 1 g of the reference drug of Quisqualis Semen, and prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (30-60°C) and ethyl acetate (4:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>.

本品每1000 g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5 μg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1总量不得过10 μg。
The content of aflatoxin B1 in this product shall not exceed 5 μg per 1000 g, and the total content of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin B1 shall not exceed 10 μg.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以氨基键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-水（80:20）为流动相；检测波长为265 nm。理论板数按胡芦巴碱峰计算应不低于4000。
Use amino-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-water (80:20) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 265 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of berberine should not be less than 4000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取胡芦巴碱对照品适量，精密称定，加50%甲醇制成每1 ml含0.1 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of berberine reference substance, accurately weigh, and add 50% methanol to make a solution containing 0.1 mg per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品种子粉末（过二号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入50%甲醇20 ml，称定重量，超声处理（功率250 W，频率33 kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用50%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5 g of this product's seed powder (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 20 ml of 50% methanol, weigh, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 250 W, frequency 33 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 50% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely draw 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品种子含胡芦巴碱（C7H7N1O2）不得少于0.20%。
The content of berberine (C7H7N1O2) in the seeds of this product shall not be less than 0.20%.

饮片 Prepared slices

使君子 Senna Seed

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Remove impurities. Crush when used.

性状 Appearance

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

使君子仁 Senna Seed Kernel

炮制 Processing

取净使君子，除去外壳。
Take clean senna seeds and remove the husks.

性状 Appearance

本品呈长椭圆形或纺锤形，长约2 cm，直径约1 cm。表面棕褐色或黑褐色，种皮脱落处为黄白色，有多数纵皱纹。种皮薄，易剥离，子叶2，黄白色，有油性，断面有裂隙。气微香，味微甜。
This product is elongated or spindle-shaped, about 2 cm long and about 1 cm in diameter. The surface is brown or black-brown, and the peeled area of the seed coat is yellow-white with numerous longitudinal wrinkles. The seed coat is thin and easy to peel off. There are 2 cotyledons, which are yellow-white and oily, with cracks on the section. It has a slight fragrance and a slightly sweet taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

炒使君子仁 Stir-fried Senna Seed Kernel

炮制 Processing

取使君子仁，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至有香气。
Take senna seed kernels and stir-fry them according to the method of stir-frying <0213> until fragrant.

性状 Appearance

本品形如使君子仁，表面黄白色，有多数纵皱纹；有时可见残留有棕褐色种皮。气香，味微甜。
This product is similar to senna seed kernels, with a yellow-white surface and numerous longitudinal wrinkles; sometimes there may be residual brown seed coats. It has a fragrant aroma and a slightly sweet taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

毒性 Toxicity

无。
None.

味 Flavor

甘。
Sweet.

归经 Meridian tropism

归脾、胃经。
Belongs to the spleen and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

杀虫消积。
Kill parasites and eliminate accumulation.

主治 Indications

用于蛔虫病，蛲虫病，虫积腹痛，小儿疳积。
It is used for ascariasis, pinworm disease, abdominal pain of worm accumulation, and paediatric chancre.

用量 Dosage

使君子9～12 g；使君子仁6～9 g。小儿每岁1～1.5粒，1日总量不超过20粒。
Senna seed: 9-12g; senna seed kernel: 6-9g, taken in divided doses 1-2 times. For children, take 1-1.5 pills per year,with a maximum daily dose of 20 pills.

用法 Administration

使君子，捣碎入煎剂；使君子仁，多入丸散或单用，作1～2次分服。小儿每岁1～1.5粒，炒香嚼服，1日总量不超过20粒。
Senna seed: crush and decoct; senna seed kernel: often used in pills or powders, taken in divided doses 1-2 times. For children, take 1-1.5 pills per year, stir-fry and chew, with a maximum daily dose of 20 pills.

注意 Precautions

服药时忌饮浓茶。
Avoid drinking strong tea when taking the medicine.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, avoid mold and moth.

使君子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为使君子科植物使君子Quisqualis indica L.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果皮变紫黑色时采收，除去杂质，干燥。
Rangooncreeper Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Quisqualis indica L. (Fam. Combretaceae). The fruit is collected in autumn when the pericarp turns purplish-black, removed from foreign matter, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈椭圆形或卵圆形，具5条纵棱，偶有4～9棱，长2.5～4cm，直径约2cm。表面黑褐色至紫黑色，平滑，微具光泽。顶端狭尖，基部钝圆，有明显圆形的果梗痕。质坚硬，横切面多呈五角星形，棱角处壳较厚，中间呈类圆形空腔。种子长椭圆形或纺锤形，长约2cm，直径约lcm；表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有多数纵皱纹；种皮薄，易剥离；子叶2，黄白色，有油性，断面有裂隙。气微香，味微甜。
Ellipsoidal or ovoid, 5-ribbed longitudinally, occasionally 4 to 9-ribbed, 2.5-4 cm long, about 2 cm in diameter. Externally blackish-brown to purplish-black. smooth, somewhat lustrous. Apex narrowly acute, base obtuserounded, with a marked rounded scar of fruit stalk. Texture hard. Transverse section frequently five-pointed starshaped, relatively thick at the ribs, with a subrounded hollowed centre. Seeds long-ellipsoidal or fusiform, about 2 cm long, 1 cm in diameter; externally brown or blackish- brown, with many longitudinal wrinkles; testa thin, easily stripped: cotyledons 2, yellowish white, oily, fracture fissured. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly sweet.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕色。种皮网纹细胞较多，椭圆形或不规则形，壁稍厚，具密集网状纹孔。果皮木化细胞众多，纺锤状、类椭圆形或不规则形，多破碎，壁稍厚，具密集纹孔。果皮表皮细胞黄棕色，表面观呈多角形。种皮表皮细胞黄色至黄棕色，表面观呈类长方形或多角形，有的内含黄棕色物。纤维直径7～34µm，多成束。草酸钙簇晶，直径5～49µm，散在或存在于子叶细胞中。
（2）取本品粉末lg，加乙醚20ml，超声处理10分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加乙酸乙酯2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取使君子仁对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各1～2µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃）-乙酸乙酯（4：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

照黄曲霉毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5µg，黄曲霉毒素 G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1总量不得过10µg。

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验

饮片 Prepared slices

使君子 Rangooncreeper

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter. Break to pieces before use.

性状 Description

【炮制】 使君子
除去杂质。用时捣碎。

【性状】【鉴别】【检查】【含量测定】 同药材。
Description and Identification As required for the crude drug.

使君子仁 Quisqualis Semen

炮制 Processing

取净使君子，除去外壳。
Remove the pericarp of the clean Quisqualis Semen.

本品呈长椭圆形或纺锤形，长约2cm，直径约lcm。表面棕褐色或黑褐色，有多数纵皱纹。种皮易剥离，子叶2，黄白色，有油性，断面有裂隙。气微香，味微甜。
Long elliptical or fusiform, about 2 cm long, 1 cm in diameter. Eternally brown or black brown, some with numerous longitudinal wrinkles. Testa easily stripped, cotyledons 2, yellowish-white, oil, fracture with crack. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly sweet.

【鉴别】【含量测定】 同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

炒使君子仁 Quisqualis Semen (stir-baked)

炮制 Processing

取使君子仁，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至有香气。
Stir-bake the clean Quisqualis Semen as described under the method for simple stir-baking<02l3>to scented.

本品形如使君子仁，表面黄白色，有多数纵皱纹；有时可见残留有棕揭色种皮。气香，味微甜。
Similar to Semen Quisqualis in shape. Eternally brown or black brown, some with numerous longitudinal wrinkles, sometimes remains of brown testa visible. Odour, aromatic taste, slightly sweet.

【鉴别】【含量测定】 同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘，温。归脾、胃经。
Warm; sweet.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

杀虫消积。用于蛔虫病，蛲虫病，虫积腹痛，小儿疳积。
To kill worms and eliminate accumulation.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

使君子9～12g，捣碎入煎剂；使君子仁 6～9g，多入丸散或单用，作1～2次分服。小儿每岁1～1.5粒，炒香嚼服，1日总量不超过20粒。
9-12 g, crushed to pieces for making decoction; 6-9 g of its seeds are usually used in pills and powder, or taken alone, one to two times. 1-1.5 pills every one year old for infantile, fried until aroma comes out before chewing, less than 20 pills totally in one day.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

服药时忌饮浓茶。
Incompatible with strong tea.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from mould and moth.