麦冬

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus （L.f）Ker-Gawl.的干燥块根。夏季采挖，洗净，反复暴晒、堆置，至七八成干，除去须根，干燥。
Ophiopogon Tuber is the dried tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f) Ker-Gawl. (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in summer, washed clean, repeatedly exposed to sunlight and piled up until it is 70-80% dry, then the fibrous roots are removed, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈纺锤形，两端略尖，长1.5～3cm，直径0.3～0.6cm。表面淡黄色或灰黄色，有细纵纹。质柔韧，断面黄白色，半透明，中柱细小。气微香，味甘、微苦。
Tuber spindle-shaped, slightly pointed at both ends, 1.5-3 cm long, 0.3-0.6 cm in diameter; externally pale yellow or grayish-yellow, with fine longitudinal wrinkles; texture flexible and tough, fracture yellowish-white, translucent, central column small. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

(1) 本品横切面：表皮细胞1列或脱落，根被为3～5列木化细胞。皮层宽广，散有含草酸钙针晶束的黏液细胞，有的针晶直径至10μm；内皮层细胞壁均匀增厚，木化，有通道细胞，外侧为1列石细胞，其内壁及侧壁增厚，纹孔细密。中柱较小，韧皮部束16～22个，木质部由导管、管胞、木纤维以及内侧的木化细胞连结成环层。髓小，薄壁细胞类圆形。
(1) The cross section of this product : epidermal cells 1 row or fall off, the root is 3 ~ 5 rows of wood cells. The cortex is broad, with scattered mucous cells containing calcium oxalate needle crystal bundles, and some needle crystals have a diameter of up to 10 μm. The cell wall of the endodermis is uniformly thickened, lignified, with channel cells, and the outer side is a row of stone cells. The inner wall and side wall are thickened, and the pits are fine. The stele is small, with 16-22 phloem bundles, and the xylem is connected by vessels, tracheids, wood fibers, and inner wood cells to form a ring layer. The pith is small, and the parenchyma cells are round.

(2) 取本品2g，剪碎，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（7：3）混合溶液20ml，浸泡3小时，超声处理30分钟，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加三氯甲烷0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取麦冬对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以甲苯-甲醇-冰醋酸（80：5：0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 2g of this product, cut it into pieces, add 20ml of chloroform-methanol ( 7 : 3 ) mixed solution, soak for 3 hours, ultrasonic treatment for 30 minutes, cool down, filter, evaporate the filtrate, and add 0.5ml of chloroform to the residue to dissolve it as the test solution. Another 2g of Ophiopogon japonicus reference medicinal material was taken and made into a reference medicinal material solution by the same method. According to the test of thin layer chromatography ( general rule 0502 ), 6 μl of the above two solutions were drawn and placed on the same silica gel GF254 thin layer plate, respectively. Toluene-methanol-glacial acetic acid ( 80 : 5 : 0.1 ) was used as the developing agent, unfolded, removed, dried, and inspected under an ultraviolet lamp ( 254 nm ). In the chromatogram of the test sample, the spots of the same color appeared at the corresponding position of the chromatogram of the control medicinal material.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过18.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于60.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201>, the cold maceration method, not less than 60.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic Conditions and System Suitability Test

以十八烧基硅烧键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇－水(15 : 85) 为流动相；检测波长为275nm 。理论板数按红景天昔峰计算应不低于2000 。
Eighteen burning base silicon burning bonded silica gel as filler ; the mobile phase was methanol-water ( 15 : 85 ). The detection wavelength was 275 nm. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 2000 according to the peak of Rhodiola rosea.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取鲁斯可皂苷元对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
An appropriate amount of Ruscogenin reference substance was accurately weighed and added with methanol to prepare a solution containing 50μg per 1ml.

标准曲线的制备 Preparation of Standard Curve

精密量取对照品溶液0.5ml、1ml、2ml、3ml、4ml、5ml、6ml，分别置具塞试管中，于水浴中挥干溶剂，精密加入高氯酸10ml，摇匀，置热水中保温15分钟，取出，冰水冷却，以相应的试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401），在397nm波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。
Precisely measure 0.5ml, 1ml, 2ml, 3ml, 4ml, 5ml, 6ml of the reference solution, place it in a stopper tube, evaporate the solvent in a water bath, accurately add 10ml of perchloric acid, shake well, place it in hot water for 15 minutes, take it out, cool it with ice water, take the corresponding reagent as a blank, and determine the absorbance at the wavelength of 397nm according to the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry ( general rule 0401 ). The absorbance is the ordinate and the concentration is the abscissa to draw the standard curve.

测定法 Mensuration

取本品细粉约3g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流2小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液 25ml，回收溶剂至干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，用水饱和正丁醇振摇提取5次，每次10ml，合并正丁醇液，用氨试液洗涤2次，每次5ml，弃去氨液，正丁醇液蒸干。残渣用80%甲醇溶解，转移至50ml量瓶中，加80%甲醇至刻度，摇匀。精密量取供试品溶液2～5ml，置10ml具塞试管中，照标准曲线的制备项下的方法，自“于水浴中挥干溶剂”起，依法测定吸光度，从标准曲线上读出供试品溶液中鲁斯可皂苷元的重量，计算，即得。
Take about 3g of the fine powder of this product, accurately weigh it, place it in a conical flask with a stopper, accurately add 50ml of methanol, weigh the weight, heat the reflux for 2 hours, release the cold, weigh the weight again, use methanol to make up for the lost weight, shake well, filter, accurately measure 25ml of the subsequent filtrate, recover the solvent to dry, add 10ml of water to the residue to dissolve, shake with saturated n-butanol for 5 times, 10ml each time, merge the n-butanol solution, wash with ammonia test solution twice, 5ml each time, discard the ammonia solution, and evaporate the n-butanol solution. The residue was dissolved in 80 % methanol, transferred to a 50ml volumetric flask, added with 80 % methanol to the scale, and shaken well. Precisely measure 2 ~ 5ml of the test solution and place it in a 10ml test tube with a stopper. According to the method under the preparation of the standard curve, the absorbance was measured according to the method of ' waving the solvent in the water bath '. The weight of the Ruscogenin in the test solution was read from the standard curve and calculated.

本品按干燥品计算，含麦冬总皂苷以鲁斯可皂苷元（C27H42O4）计，不得少于0.12%。
This product is calculated according to the dried product, and the total saponins of Radix Ophiopogonis are calculated as C27H42O4, which should not be less than 0.12 %.

饮片 Prepared slices

麦冬 Ophiopogon Tuber

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，轧扁，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash clean, soften briefly, flatten, and dry.

性状 Description

本品形如麦冬， 或为轧扁的纺锤形块片。表面淡黄色或灰黄色，有细纵纹。质柔韧，断面黄白色，半透明，中柱细小。气微香，味甘、微苦。
This product is shaped like Ophiopogon japonicus, or a flat spindle-shaped piece. The surface is pale yellow or grayish yellow, with fine longitudinal lines. The texture is flexible, the section is yellow-white, translucent, and the middle column is small. It is slightly fragrant, sweet and bitter.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

甘、微苦。
Sweet and slightly bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肺、胃经。
Heart, lung, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

养阴生津，润肺清心。
To nourish yin and generate fluids, moisten the lungs and clear the heart.

主治 Indications

用于肺燥干咳，阴虚痨嗽，喉痹咽痛，津伤口渴，内热消渴，心烦失眠，肠燥便秘。
Used for dry cough due to lung dryness, cough due to yin deficiency, sore throat due to laryngitis, thirst due to fluid injury, excessive thirst due to internal heat, restlessness and insomnia, and constipation due to intestinal dryness.

用量 Dosage

6～12 g。
6-12 g.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.

麦冬

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物麦冬Ophiopogon japonicus （L.f） Ker-GawL的干燥块根。夏季采挖，洗净，反复暴晒、堆置，至七八成干，除去须根，干燥。
Dwarf Lilyturf Tuber is the dried root tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl. (Fam. Liliaceae ). The drug is collected in summer, washed clean, sun-dried and piled up repeatedly until nearly dry, removed from rootlet, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈纺锤形，两端略尖，长1.5～3cm，直径0.3～0.6cm。 表面淡黄色或灰黄色，有细纵纹。质柔韧，断面黄白色，半透明，中柱细小。气微香，味甘、微苦。
Fusiform, with two ends slightly tapering, 1.5-3 cm long, 3-6 mm in diameter. Externally pale yellow or greyish-yellow, finely wrinkled longitudinally. Texture tough, fracture yellowish-white, translucent, stele small. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, sweetish and bitterish.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞1列或脱落，根被为3～5列木化细胞。皮层宽广，散有含草酸钙针晶束的黏液细胞，有的针晶直径至10μm；内皮层细胞壁均匀增厚，木化，有通道细胞，外侧为1列石细胞，其内壁及侧壁增厚，纹孔细密。中柱较小，韧皮部束16～22个，木质部由导管、管胞、木纤维以及内侧的木化细胞连结成环层。髓小，簿壁细胞类圆形。
（2）取本品2g，剪碎，加三氯甲烷-甲醇（7：3）混合溶液20ml，浸泡3小时，超声处理30分钟，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加三氯甲烷0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取麦冬 对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则 0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各6μl，分别点于同一硅胶 GF254层板上，以甲苯-甲醇-冰醋酸（80：5：0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254mn）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过18.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 18.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于60.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractive <2201, the cold maceration method>, not less than 60.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

对照品溶液的制备 取鲁斯可皂苷元对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
标准曲线的制备 精密量取对照品溶液0.5ml、1ml、 2ml、3ml、4ml、5ml、6ml，分别置具塞试管中，于水浴中挥干溶剂，精密加入高氯酸10ml，摇匀，置热水中保温15分钟，取出，冰水冷却，以相应的试剂为空白，照紫外-可见分光光度法 （通则0401），在397nm波长处测定吸光度，以吸光度为纵坐标，浓度为横坐标，绘制标准曲线。

饮片 Prepared slices

麦冬 Dwarf Lilyturf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，润透，轧扁，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, soften thoroughly, press to be flattened, and dry.

本品形如麦冬，或为轧扁的纺锤形块片。表面淡黄色或灰黄色，有细纵纹。质柔韧，断面黄白色，半透明，中柱细小。气微香，味甘、微苦。
The shape similar to the crude drug or in flattened fusiform pieces. Externally pale yellow or greyish-yellow, finely wrinkled longitudinally. Texture tough, fracture yellowish-white, translucent, stele small. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, sweet and slightly bitter.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、微苦，微寒。归心、肺、胃经。
Mild cold; sweet and mild bitter. Heart, lung and stomach meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

养阴生津，润肺清心。用于肺燥干咳，阴虚痨嗽，喉痹咽痛，津伤口渴，内热消渴，心烦失眠，肠燥便秘。
To nourish yin, engender fluid, moisten the lung, and clear the heart. Used for dry cough caused by lung dryness, cough caused by yin consumptive disease, throat bi disorder, sore throat, thirst caused by fluid consumption, interior heat diarrhea, insomnia caused by vexation, and constipation caused by intestinal dryness.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.