延胡索（元胡）

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为罂粟科植物延胡索Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang的干燥块茎。夏初茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根，洗净，置沸水中煮或蒸至恰无白心时，取出，晒干。
Corydalis Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang (Fam. Papaveraceae). The drug is collected in early summer when the stem and leaves wither, removed from rootlets, washed clean, boiled or steamed until the white heart is completely removed, taken out, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的扁球形，直径0.5～1.5cm。表面黄色或黄褐色，有不规则网状皱纹。顶端有略凹陷的茎痕，底部常有疙瘩状突起。质硬而脆，断面黄色，角质样，有蜡样光泽。气微，味苦。
Rhizomes irregularly flattened-spherical, 0.5-1.5cm in diameter; surface yellow or yellowish-brown, with irregular reticulate wrinkles; apex with slightly concave stem scar; base often with nodular protuberances. Texture hard and brittle; fracture yellow, horny, with waxy luster. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末绿黄色。糊化淀粉粒团块淡黄色或近无色。下皮厚壁细胞绿黄色，细胞多角形、类方形或长条形，壁稍弯曲，木化，有的成连珠状增厚，纹孔细密。螺纹导管直径16～32μm。
（1）The powder is greenish-yellow. Aggregated masses of gelatinized starch granules are pale yellow or nearly colourless. The thick-walled cells of the subepidermis are greenish-yellow, polygonal, rectangular or elongated, with slightly curved walls, lignified, some forming clusters of thickening, and with fine pits. Spiral vessels, 16-32μm in diameter.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇50ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，加浓氨试液调至碱性，用乙醚振摇提取3次，每次10ml，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取延胡索对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取延胡索乙素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2～3μl，分别点于同一用1%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-丙酮（9∶2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置碘缸中约3分钟后取出，挥尽板上吸附的碘后，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）To 1g of the powder add 50ml of methanol, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 10ml of water, adjust to alkaline with concentrated ammonia TS, extract with three 10ml portions of ether, combine the ether extracts, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Prepare a solution of the reference drug of Corydalis Rhizome in the same manner as the test solution. Prepare a solution of corydaline CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.5mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene and acetone (9:2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-3μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Place in an iodine chamber for about 3 minutes, remove, and evaporate the iodine adsorbed on the plate. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug of Corydalis Rhizome and the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）中黄曲霉毒素测定法第一法测定。
Determine aflatoxin according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>, the first method for determination of aflatoxin.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取供试品粉末约5g，精密称定，置于均质瓶中，加入氯化钠1g，精密加入70%甲醇溶液75ml，高速振荡5分钟，离心10分钟（离心速度8000转/分钟），精密量取上清液15ml，置100ml量瓶中，用水稀释至刻度，摇匀，离心10分钟（离心速度8000转/分钟），精密量取上清液20ml，通过免疫亲合柱，流速每分钟3ml，用水10～20ml洗脱，弃去水洗液，使空气进入柱子，将水挤出柱子，再用1.5ml甲醇洗脱，收集洗脱液，置2ml量瓶中，并用水稀释至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take about 5g of the test powder, accurately weigh, place it in a homogenized bottle, add 1g of sodium chloride, accurately add 75ml of 70% methanol solution, shake at high speed for 5 minutes, centrifuge for 10 minutes (centrifugal speed 8000 rpm), accurately take 15ml of the supernatant, place it in a 100ml volumetric flask, dilute with water to the mark, shake well, centrifuge for 10 minutes (centrifugal speed 8000 rpm), accurately take 20ml of the supernatant, pass through an immune affinity column, flow rate 3ml per minute, wash with 10-20ml of water, discard the wash solution, allow air to enter the column, squeeze out the water from the column, then elute with 1.5ml of methanol, collect the eluate, place it in a 2ml volumetric flask, and dilute to the mark with water, shake well, and obtain the test solution.

本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10μg。
The content of aflatoxin B1 in this product shall not exceed 5μg per 1000g, and the total content of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin B1 shall not exceed 10μg.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于13.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 13.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液（三乙胺调节pH值至6.0）（55∶45）为流动相；检测波长为280nm。理论板数按延胡索乙素峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (adjusted to pH 6.0 with triethylamine) (55:45) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 280nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取延胡索乙素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含46μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 46μg per ml, and obtain the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置平底烧瓶中，精密加入浓氨试液-甲醇（1∶20）混合溶液50ml，称定重量，冷浸1小时后加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用浓氨试液-甲醇（1∶20）混合溶液补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液25ml，蒸干，残渣加甲醇溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a flat-bottomed flask, accurately add 50ml of concentrated ammonia solution-methanol (1:20) mixed solution, weigh, cold macerate for 1 hour, reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with concentrated ammonia solution-methanol (1:20) mixed solution, shake well, filter. Accurately take 25ml of the filtrate, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in methanol, transfer to a 5ml volumetric flask, dilute to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含延胡索乙素（C21H25NO4）不得少于0.050%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate (C21H25NO4) shall not be less than 0.050%.

饮片 Prepared slices

延胡索 Corydalis Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥，切厚片或用时捣碎。
Remove impurities, wash, dry, cut into thick slices or crush when used.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的圆形厚片。外表皮黄色或黄褐色，有不规则细皱纹。切面或断面黄色，角质样，具蜡样光泽。气微，味苦。
This product is irregularly round and thick. The outer skin is yellow or yellow-brown with irregular fine wrinkles. The cut surface or fracture is yellow, horny, and has a waxy luster. It has a slight aroma and a bitter taste.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含延胡索乙素（C21H25NO4）不得少于0.040%。
Same as the crude drug, the content of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate (C21H25NO4) shall not be less than 0.040%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

醋延胡索 Vinegar-processed Corydalis Rhizome

炮制 Processing

取净延胡索，照醋炙法（通则0213）炒干，或照醋煮法（通则0213）煮至醋吸尽，切厚片或用时捣碎。
Take clean Corydalis Yanhusuo, fry until dry according to the vinegar-frying method <0213>, or boil until the vinegar is absorbed according to the vinegar-boiling method <0213>, cut into thick slices or crush when used.

性状 Description

本品形如延胡索或片，表面和切面黄褐色，质较硬。微具醋香气。
This product is similar to Corydalis Yanhusuo or slices, with yellow-brown surface and cut surface, and a relatively hard texture. It has a slight vinegar aroma.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含延胡索乙素（C21H25NO4）不得少于0.040%。
Same as the crude drug, the content of ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate (C21H25NO4) shall not be less than 0.040%.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

活血，行气，止痛。
Promote blood circulation, regulate qi, relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于胸胁、脘腹疼痛，胸痹心痛，经闭痛经，产后瘀阻，跌扑肿痛。
Used for chest and hypochondriac pain, epigastric pain, chest pain, dysmenorrhea, postpartum stasis, and traumatic swelling and pain.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10g.

用法 Administration

研末吞服，一次1.5～3g。
Grind into powder and take orally, 1.5-3g each time.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protect against moth.

延胡索

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为罂粟科植物延胡索Corydalis yanhusuo W.T.Wang的干燥块茎。夏初茎叶枯萎时采挖，除去须根，洗净，置沸水中煮至恰无白心时，取出，晒干。
Corydalis Rhizoma is the dried tuber of Corydalis yanhusuo W. T. Wang (Fam. Papaveraceae). The drug is collected in early summer when the plant is withered, removed from fibrous root, washed clean, boiled in water until no dry core visible, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的扁球形，直径0.5～1.5cm。表面黄色或黄褐色，有不规则网状皱纹。顶端有略凹陷的茎痕，底部常有疙瘩状突起。质硬而脆，断面黄色，角质样，有蜡样光泽。气微，味苦。
Irregularly oblate, 0.5-1.5 cm in diameter. Externally yellow or yellowish-brown, irregularly reticulate- wrinkled. Apex with slight dented stem scar, base usually tuberculate. Texture hard and fragile, fracture yellow, horny, waxy-sheeny. Odour, slight； taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末绿黄色。糊化淀粉粒团块淡黄色或近无色。下皮厚壁细胞绿黄色，细胞多角形、类方形或长条形，壁稍弯曲，木化，有的成连珠状增厚，纹孔细密。螺纹导管直径16～32µm。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇50ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水10ml使溶解，加浓氨试液调至碱性，用乙醚振摇提取3次，每次10ml，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取延胡索对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取延胡索乙素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2～3µl，分别点于同一用1%氢氧化钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以甲苯-丙酮（9：2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置碘缸中约3分钟后取出，挥尽板上吸附的碘后，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15. 0 per cent 〈 0832, method 2〉.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4. 0 per cent〈2302〉.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于13.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives 〈 2201 , the hot extraction method〉, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 13. 0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography〈0512〉.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液（三乙胺调pH值至6.0）（55：45）为流动相；检测波长为280nm。理论板数按延胡索乙素峰计算应不低于3000。

对照品溶液的制备
取延胡索乙素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含46µg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置平底烧瓶中，精密加入浓氨试液-甲醇（1：20）混合溶液50ml，称定重量，冷浸1小时后加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用浓氨试液-甲醇（1：20）混合溶液补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过。精密量取续滤液25ml，蒸干，残渣加甲醇溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，并稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10µl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含延胡索乙素（C21H25NO4）不得少于0.050%。
It contains not less than 0. 050 per cent of tetrahydropalmatine (C21H25NO4) , calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

延胡索 Corydalis Rhizoma

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥，切厚片或用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, dry, and cut into thick slices or break to pieces before use.

本品呈不规则的圆形厚片。外表皮黄色或黄褐色，有不规则细皱纹。切面黄色，角质样，具蜡样光泽。气微，味苦。
In irregular rounded thick slices. Externally yellow or yellowish-brown, with irregular fine wrinkles. Cut surface yellow, horny, waxy-sheeny. Odour slight； taste bitter.

醋延胡索 Corydalis Rhizoma (processed with vinegar)

取净延胡索，照醋炙法（通则0213）炒干，或照醋煮法（通则0213）煮至醋吸尽，切厚片或用时捣碎。
Stir-bake Corydalis Rhizoma is as described under the method for stir-frying with vinegar 〈0213〉to dryness, or boil it as described under the method for boiling with vinegar〈0213〉 until the vinegar is exhausted, and cut into thick slices or break to pieces before use.

本品形如延胡索或片，表面和切面黄褐色，质较硬。微具醋香气。
The shape similar to crude drug or the thick slices, external and cut surface yellowish-brown. Texture hard, slightly with vinegar odour.

性 Property

辛、苦，温。
Warm； pungent and bitter.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

活血，行气，止痛。
To activate blood, move qi, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于胸胁、脘腹疼痛，胸痹心痛，经闭痛经，产后瘀阻，跌扑肿痛。
Pain in the chest, hypochondrium, epigastrium and abdomen； chest bi disorder and heart pain, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, postpartum stasis and obstruction, swelling and pain caused by traumatic injuries.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

3～10g；研末吞服，一次1.5～3g。
3-10 g； ground into powder for oral administration： 1. 5-3 g per time.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.