地肤子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为藜科植物地肤Kochia scoparia（L.）Schrad.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收植株，晒干，打下果实，除去杂质。
Kochia Fruit is the dried mature fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (Fam. Chenopodiaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is mature, the plant is dried, the fruit is removed, and impurities are eliminated.

性状 Description

本品呈扁球状五角星形，直径1～3 mm。外被宿存花被，表面灰绿色或浅棕色，周围具膜质小翅5枚，背面中心有微突起的点状果梗痕及放射状脉纹5～10条；剥离花被，可见膜质果皮，半透明。种子扁卵形，长约1 mm，黑色。气微，味微苦。
The drug is flatly spherical with a pentagonal star shape, measuring 1-3 mm in diameter. The persistent perianth is grayish-green or light brown on the surface, with 5 membranous wings around it, and 5-10 radial veins and slightly raised punctate fruit stalk scars on the back; when the perianth is removed, the membranous pericarp is visible, translucent. Seeds are flat-ovate, about 1 mm long, and black. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕褐色。花被表皮细胞多角形，气孔不定式，薄壁细胞中含草酸钙簇晶。果皮细胞呈类长方形或多边形，壁薄，波状弯曲，含众多草酸钙小方晶。种皮细胞棕褐色，呈多角形或类方形，多皱缩。
(1) The powder is brownish-brown. The epidermal cells of the perianth are polygonal, with indefinite stomata, and the thin-walled cells contain clusters of calcium oxalate crystals. The cells of the pericarp are oblong or polygonal, with thin walls and wavy curves, and contain numerous small calcium oxalate crystals. The seed coat cells are brownish-brown, polygonal or square, and often wrinkled and shrunk.

（2）取本品粉末1 g，加甲醇10 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取地肤子皂苷Ic对照品，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（16∶9∶2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，热风吹至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的紫红色斑点。
(2) Take 1 g of the powder, add 10 ml of methanol, and sonicate for 30 minutes. Filter, and the filtrate is used as the test solution. Take Kochia Fruit Saponin Ic reference substance, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform-methanol-water (16:9:2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, and heat with hot air until the spots are clearly visible. The purple-red spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水-冰醋酸（85∶15∶0.2）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按地肤子皂苷Ic峰计算应不低于3000。
Using octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; methanol-water-acetic acid (85:15:0.2) as the mobile phase; detected by evaporative light scattering detector. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of hederacoside Ic should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取地肤子皂苷Ic对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of hederacoside Ic reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50 ml，密塞，称定重量，放置过夜，超声处理30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of methanol, seal tightly, weigh, let it stand overnight, treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10 μl、20 μl，供试品溶液20 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，以外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Accurately draw 10 μl and 20 μl of the reference solution, and 20 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph for determination, calculate by the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method, and obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含地肤子皂苷Ic（C41H64O13）不得少于1.8%。
This product contains not less than 1.8% of Dioscorea saponin Ic (C41H64O13) calculated as dried product.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、膀胱经。
Kidney and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

清热利湿，祛风止痒。
To clear heat and dampness, dispel wind and relieve itching.

主治 Indications

用于小便涩痛，阴痒带下，风疹，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒。
Used for painful and difficult urination, itching and leukorrhea, wind rash, eczema, and pruritus.

用量 Dosage

9～15 g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，煎汤熏洗。
For external use, appropriate amount, decoct and use for fumigation and washing.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, and protect against moth.

地肤子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为藜科植物地肤Kochia scoparia（L.）Schrad.的干燥成熟果实。秋季果实成熟时采收植株，晒干，打下果实，除去杂质。
Belvedere Fruit is the dried ripe fruit of Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad. (Fam. Chenopodiaceae). The drug is collected in autumn when the fruit is ripe, dried in the sun, and the fruit is gathered, and removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈扁球状五角星形，直径1～3mm。外被宿存花被，表面灰绿色或浅棕色，周围具膜质小翅5枚，背面中心有微突起的点状果梗痕及放射状脉纹5～10条；剥离花被，可见膜质果皮，半透明。种子扁卵形，长约1mm，黑色。气微，味微苦。
Oblate-spheroidal, star shape, 1-3 mm in diameter, surrounded by a persistant perianth. Externally greyish-green or pale brown, with 5 membranous winglets, the centre of dorsal surface having a sightly prominent, pointed fruit stalk scar and 5-10 radial veins; membranous pericarp visible when the perianth stripped, translucent. Seeds flattened-ovoid, about 1 mm long, black. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕褐色。花被表皮细胞多角形，气孔不定式，薄壁细胞中含草酸钙簇晶。果皮细胞呈类长方形或多边形，壁薄，波状弯曲，含众多草酸钙小方晶。种皮细胞棕褐色，呈多角形或类方形，多皱缩。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇10ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液作为供试品溶液。另取地肤子皂苷Ⅰc对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-甲醇-水（16：9：2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾千，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，热风吹至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的紫红色斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过10.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high-performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水-冰醋酸（85：15：0.2）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按地肤子皂苷Ic峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol, water, and glacial acetic acid (85:15:0.2) as the mobile phase. Use an evaporative light scattering detector. The number of theoretical plates the column is not less than 3000, calculated with reference to the peak of kochioside Ic.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取地肤子皂苷Ic对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，即得。
Dissolve a quantity of kochioside Ic CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，放置过夜，超声处理30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Weigh accurately 0.5 g of the powder (through No.3 sieve) in a conical flask with a stopper, add 50 ml of methanol, accurately measured, and weigh accurately, allow to stand overnight, ultrasonicate for 30 minutes, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with methanol, and mix well. Filter and take the filtrate, and that is the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10µl、20µl，供试品溶液20µl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，以外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Inject accurately 10 μl, 20 μl of the reference solution and 20 μl of the test solution into the column, respectively. Calculate the content with the corrected logarithmic equation of the external standard method.

本品按干燥品计算，含地肤子皂苷Ic（C41H64O13）不得少于1.8%。
It contains not less than 1.8 per cent of kochioside Ic (C41H64O13), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、苦，寒。归肾、膀胱经。
Cold; pungent and bitter. Kidney and bladder meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

清热利湿，祛风止痒。用于小便涩痛，阴痒带下，风疹，湿疹，皮肤瘙痒。
To clear heat, drain dampness, dispel wind, and relieve itching. Used for difficult and painful urination, pudendal itching, vaginal discharge, rubella, eczema, and itching of the skin.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

9～15g。外用适量，煎汤熏洗。
9-15 g. Appropriate amount for topical application. It can be decocted for fuming washing therapy.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place, and protect from moth.