白矾

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为硫酸盐类矿物明矾石族明矾石经加工提炼制成。主含含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2·12H2O〕。
Alum is the processed and refined product of the mineral alunite in the alunite family of sulfate minerals. It mainly contains hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O].

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的块状或粒状。无色或淡黄白色，透明或半透明。表面略平滑或凹凸不平，具细密纵棱，有玻璃样光泽。质硬而脆。气微，味酸、微甘而极涩。
Alum occurs as irregular lumps or granules. It is colorless or pale yellowish-white, transparent or translucent. The surface is slightly smooth or uneven, with fine longitudinal ridges and a glassy luster. It is hard and brittle. It has a slight odor, sour taste, slightly sweet, and extremely astringent.

鉴别 Identification

本品水溶液显铝盐（通则0301）、钾盐（通则0301）与硫酸盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。
The aqueous solution of alum shows identification reactions for aluminum salts (General Rule 0301), potassium salts (General Rule 0301), and sulfate salts (General Rule 0301).

检查 Examination

铵盐 Ammonium salt

取本品约0.1 g，精密称定，照氮测定法（通则0704第二法或第三法，无需消解）测定，含铵盐以总氮（N）计，不得过0.3%。
Take about 0.1 g of the sample, accurately weigh, and determine according to the method for nitrogen determination <0704, method 2 or method 3, without digestion>. The content of ammonium salt is calculated as total nitrogen (N), and shall not exceed 0.3 per cent.

铜盐与锌盐 Copper salt and zinc salt

取本品1 g，加水100 ml与稍过量的氨试液，煮沸，滤过，滤液不得显蓝色，滤液中加醋酸使成酸性后，再加硫化氢试液，不得发生浑浊。
Take 1 g of the sample, add 100 ml of water and a slight excess of ammonia test solution, boil, filter, and the filtrate shall not show a blue color. After making the filtrate acidic by adding acetic acid, add hydrogen sulfide test solution, and no turbidity shall occur.

铁盐 Iron salt

取本品0.35 g，加水20 ml溶解后，加硝酸2滴，煮沸5分钟，滴加氢氧化钠试液中和至微显浑浊，加稀盐酸1 ml、亚铁氰化钾试液1 ml与水适量使成50 ml，摇匀，1小时内不得显蓝色。
Take 0.35 g of the sample, dissolve in 20 ml of water, add 2 drops of nitric acid, boil for 5 minutes, titrate with sodium hydroxide test solution until a slight turbidity appears, add 1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid, 1 ml of potassium ferrocyanide test solution, and sufficient water to make 50 ml, shake well, and no blue color shall appear within 1 hour.

重金属 Heavy metals

取本品1 g，加稀醋酸2ml与水适量使溶解成25 ml，依法检查(通则0821第一法)，含重金属不得过20 mg/kg。
Take 1 g of the sample, dissolve in 2 ml of dilute acetic acid and sufficient water to make 25 ml, and inspect according to the law <0821, method 1>. The content of heavy metals shall not exceed 20 mg/kg.

含量测定 Assay

取本品约0.3 g，精密称定，加水20ml溶解后，加醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液(pH6.0)20 ml，精密加乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液(0.05 mol/L)25 ml，煮沸3～5分钟，放冷，加二甲酚橙指示液1 ml，用锌滴定液(0.05 mol/L)滴定至溶液自黄色转变为红色，并将滴定的结果用空白试验校正。每1 ml的乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液(0.05 mol/L)相当于23.72 mg的含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2·12H2O〕。
Take about 0.3 g of the sample, accurately weigh, dissolve in 20 ml of water, add 20ml of acetic acid-acetate buffer solution (pH 6.0), accurately add 25 ml of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate titration solution (0.05 mol/L), boil for 3-5 minutes, cool, add 1 ml of xylenol orange indicator, titrate with zinc titration solution (0.05 mol/L) until the solution changes from yellow to red, and correct the titration result with a blank test. Each 1 ml of disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate titration solution (0.05 mol/L) is equivalent to 23.72 mg of hydrated aluminum potassium sulfate <KAl(SO4)2·12H2O>.

本品含含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl(SO4)2·12H2O〕不得少于99.0%。
The product must contain Potassium Aluminum Sulfate Dodecahydrate [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O] at no less than 99.0%.

饮片 Prepared slices

白矾 Alum

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Remove impurities. Crush when used.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

枯矾 Burnt alum

炮制 Processing

取净白矾，照明煅法(通则0213)煅至松脆。
Take purified alum, calcine by the method of ignition <0213> until it becomes brittle.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的块状、颗粒或粉末。白色或淡黄白色，无玻璃样光泽。不规则的块状表面粗糙，凹凸不平或呈蜂窝状。体轻，质疏松而脆，手捻易碎，有颗粒感。气微，味微甘而极涩。
This product is in the form of irregular lumps, granules or powder. White or yellowish white, no glassy lustre. The surface of irregular lumps is rough, uneven or honeycomb. Light, loose and brittle, easily crushed by hand twisting, with granularity. Slight gas, taste slightly sweet and very astringent.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

酸、涩。
Sour, astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾、肝、大肠经。
Lung, spleen, liver, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

外用解毒杀虫，燥湿止痒；内服止血止泻，祛除风痰。
For external use, it detoxifies and kills parasites, dries dampness and relieves itching; for internal use, it stops bleeding and diarrhea, and eliminates wind and phlegm.

主治 Indications

外治用于湿疹，疥癣，脱肛，痔疮，聤耳流脓；内服用于久泻不止，便血，崩漏，癫痫发狂。枯矾收湿敛疮，止血化腐。用于湿疹湿疮，脱肛，痔疮，聤耳流脓，阴痒带下，鼻衄齿衄，鼻瘜肉。
For external use, it is used for eczema, scabies, prolapse of the anus, hemorrhoids, and otorrhea; for internal use, it is used for persistent diarrhea, bloody stools, metrorrhagia and metrostaxis, epilepsy and mania. Burnt alum is used to dry dampness, contract sores, stop bleeding, and resolve putrefaction. It is used for eczema, wet sores, prolapse of the anus, hemorrhoids, otorrhea, itching and leukorrhea, epistaxis and gingival bleeding, and nasal polyps.

用量 Dosage

0.6～1.5 g。
0.6-1.5 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，研末敷或化水洗患处。
For external use, use an appropriate amount, apply as powder or wash the affected area with a solution.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

白矾

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为硫酸盐类矿物明矾石经加工提炼制成。主含含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2•12H2O〕。
Alum is a processed mineral of sulfates of alum-stone, containing mainly potassium aluminium sulfate [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O].

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的块状或粒状。无色或淡黄白色，透明或半透明。表面略平滑或凹凸不平，具细密纵棱，有玻璃样光泽。质硬而脆。气微，味酸、微甘而极涩。
Irregular masses or granular, colourless or pale yellowish-white, transparent or translucent. Externally somewhat smooth or uneven, with fine and dense longitudinal ridges, and glassy lustre. Texture hard and fragile. Odour, slight; taste, sour, slightly sweet and extremely astringent.

鉴别 Identification

本品水溶液显铝盐（通则0301）、钾盐（通则0301）与硫酸盐（通则0301）的鉴别反应。
The aqueous solution yields the reactions characteristic of aluminium salts, potassium salts and sulfates <0301>.

检查 Examination

铵盐 Ammonium salts

取本品0.1g，加无氨蒸馏水100ml使溶解，取10ml，置比色管中，加无氨水40ml与碱性碘化汞钾试液2ml，如显色，与氯化铵溶液（取氯化铵31.5mg，加无氨蒸馏水使成1000ml）1ml、碱性碘化汞钾试液2ml及无氨蒸馏水49ml的混合液比较，不得更深。
Dissolve 0.1 g of the drug in 100 ml of ammonia-free water. Transfer 10 ml of the solution to a Nessler tube, add 40 ml of ammonia-free water and 2 ml of alkaline mercuric potassium iodide TS, any colour produced is not more intense than that of a mixture of 1 ml of ammonium chloride solution (dissolve 31.5 mg of ammonium chloride in 1000 ml of ammonia-free water), 2 ml of alkaline mercuric potassium iodide TS and 49 ml of ammonia-free water.

铜盐与锌盐 Copper and Zinc

取本品1g，加水100ml与稍过量的氨试液，煮沸，滤过，滤液不得显蓝色，滤液中加醋酸使成酸性后，再加硫化氢试液，不得发生浑浊。
To 1 g of the drug add 100 ml of water and slight excess of ammonia TS, boil and filter, the filtrate should not be blue. Acidify the filtrate with acetic acid, add hydrogen sulfide TS, it should not be turbid.

铁盐 Iron

取本品0.35g，加水20ml溶解后，加硝酸2滴，煮沸5分钟，滴加氢氧化钠试液中和至微显浑浊，加稀盐酸1ml、亚铁氰化钾试液1ml与水适量使成50ml，摇匀，1小时内不得显蓝色。
Dissolve 0.35 g of the drug in 20 ml of water, add 2 drops of nitric acid, boil for 5 minutes, neutralize with sodium hydroxide TS to produce slight turbidity, add 1 ml of dilute hydrochloric acid TS, 1 ml of potassium ferrocyanide TS and sufficient quantity of water to 50 ml, mix well, no blue colour is produced within 1 hour.

重金属 Heavy metals

取本品1g，加稀醋酸2ml与水适量使溶解成25ml，依法检查（通则0821第一法），含重金属不得过20mg/kg。
Dissolve 1g of the drug in 2 ml of dilute acetic acid and a quantity of water to 25 ml, carry out the limit test for heavy metals <0821, method 1>; not more than 20 mg/kg.

含量测定 Assay

取本品约0.3g，精密称定，加水20ml溶解后，加醋酸-醋酸铵缓冲液（pH6.0）20ml，精密加乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）25ml，煮沸3～5分钟，放冷，加二甲酚橙指示液1ml，用锌滴定液（0.05mol/L）滴定至溶液自黄色转变为红色，并将滴定的结果用空白试验校正。每1ml的乙二胺四醋酸二钠滴定液（0.05mol/L）相当于23.72mg的含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2•12H2O〕。
Dissolve about 0.3g of the drug, accurately weighed, in 20 ml of water, add 20 ml of acetic acid ammonium acetate BS (pH 6.0), and 25 ml of disodium edetate (0.05 mol/L) VS, accurately measured, boil for 3-5 minutes, cool. Add 1 ml of xylenol orange IS and titrate with zine solution (0.05 mol/L) VS until the colour turns from yellow to red. Perform a blank determination and make any necessary correction. Each ml of disodium edetate (0.05 mol/L) VS is equivalent to 23.72 mg of potassium aluminium sulfate [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O].

本品含含水硫酸铝钾〔KAl（SO4）2•12H2O〕不得少于99.0%。
It contains not less than 99.0 per cent of potassium aluminium sulfate [KAl(SO4)2·12H2O].

饮片 Prepared slices

白矾 Alum

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。用时捣碎。
Eliminate foreign matter, break to pieces before use.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

酸、涩。
Sour and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、脾、肝、大肠经。
Lung, spleen, liver, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

外用解毒杀虫，燥湿止痒；内服止血止泻，祛除风痰。
Topical application: To remove toxin, kill worms, dry dampness and relieve itching; oral administration: to stanch bleeding, stop diarrhea, and dispel wind-phlegm.

主治 Indications

外治用于湿疹，疥癣，脱肛，痔疮，聤耳流脓；内服用于久泻不止，便血，崩漏，癫痫发狂。
Topical application: eczema, scabies, tinea, prolapse of the rectum, hemorrhoids, purulent discharge from the ear; Oral administration: chronic diarrhea, bloody stool, menstrual flooding and spotting, epilepsy, manic psychosis.

用量 Dosage

0.6～1.5g。
0.6-1.5 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量，研末敷或化水洗患处。
Appropriate amount for topical application, grind it into powder for application, or dissolve in water for washing.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.