白芍

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为毛茛科植物芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall.的干燥根。夏、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去头尾和细根，置沸水中煮后除去外皮或去皮后再煮，晒干。
White Peony Root is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Fam. Ranunculaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, washed clean, remove the head and tail and fine roots, boiled in boiling water, remove the outer skin or peel and then boil, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，平直或稍弯曲，两端平截，长5～18 cm，直径1～2.5 cm。表面类白色或淡棕红色，光洁或有纵皱纹及细根痕，偶有残存的棕褐色外皮。质坚实，不易折断，断面较平坦，类白色或微带棕红色，形成层环明显，射线放射状。气微，味微苦、酸。
Roots cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, both ends cut flat, 5-18 cm long, 1-2.5 cm in diameter. Surface pale white or pale reddish-brown, smooth or with longitudinal wrinkles and fine root marks, occasionally with residual brownish-brown outer skin. Texture hard, not easily broken, fracture relatively flat, pale white or slightly reddish-brown, forming layers of rings, radiating rays. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and sour.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄白色。糊化淀粉粒团块甚多。草酸钙簇晶直径11～35 μm，存在于薄壁细胞中，常排列成行，或一个细胞中含数个簇晶。具缘纹孔导管和网纹导管直径20～65 μm。纤维长梭形，直径15～40 μm，壁厚，微木化，具大的圆形纹孔。
(1) The powder is yellowish-white. Many lumps of gelatinized starch granules. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals have a diameter of 11-35 μm and are present in thin-walled cells, often arranged in rows, or several clusters in one cell. The diameter of the pitted ducts and reticulate ducts is 20-65 μm. Fibers are elongated, with a diameter of 15-40 μm, thick walls, slightly lignified, and have large circular pits.

（2）取本品粉末0.5 g，加乙醇10 ml，振摇5分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醇1 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取芍药苷对照品，加乙醇制成每1 ml含1 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸（40:5:10:0.2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的蓝紫色斑点。
(2) Take 0.5 g of the powder, add 10 ml of ethanol, shake for 5 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of ethanol as the test solution. Take another paeoniflorin CRS, add ethanol to make a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and formic acid (40:5:10:0.2) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 5% solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat to the spots clear. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5 mg/kg；镉不得过1 mg/kg；砷不得过2 mg/kg；汞不得过0.2 mg/kg；铜不得过20 mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>. The lead content should not exceed 5 mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 1 mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2 mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2 mg/kg; the copper content should not exceed 20 mg/kg.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulfur dioxide residue

照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400 mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of sulfur dioxide residue <2331>. The content should not exceed 400 mg/kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于22.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201>, using the hot maceration method. The content should not be less than 22.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of content by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.1%磷酸溶液（14:86）为流动相；检测波长为230 nm。理论板数按芍药苷峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (14:86) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 230 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of paeoniflorin should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取芍药苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1 ml含60 μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of paeoniflorin reference standard, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 60 μg per 1 ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品中粉约0.1 g，精密称定，置50 ml量瓶中，加稀乙醇35 ml，超声处理（功率240 W，频率45 kHz）30分钟，放冷，加稀乙醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.1 g of the powder of the test substance, accurately weigh, place it in a 50 ml volumetric flask, add 35 ml of diluted ethanol, perform ultrasonic treatment (power 240 W, frequency 45 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, add diluted ethanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Precisely aspirate 10 μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含芍药苷（C23H28O11）不得少于1.6%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of paeoniflorin (C23H28O11) should not be less than 1.6 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

白芍 White Paeony Root

炮制 Processing

洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Clean, soak until thoroughly moistened, cut into thin slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形的薄片。表面淡棕红色或类白色。切面微带棕红色或类白色，形成层环明显，可见稍隆起的筋脉纹呈放射状排列。气微，味微苦、酸。
This product is in the form of thin round-like tablets. The surface is light brownish-red or off-white. The cut surface is slightly brownish red or whitish, the formation of layer ring is obvious, and the slightly elevated tendon vein pattern can be seen in a radial arrangement. Slightly bitter and sour in taste.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。含芍药苷（C23H28O11）不得少于1.2%。
Same as the crude drug. Containing not less than 1.2% paeoniflorin (C23H28O11).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulfur dioxide residue

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

炒白芍 Stirfried White Paeony Root

炮制 Processing

取净白芍片，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Take clean white peony slices and stir-fry them until light yellow according to the Clear Stir-fry Method (Tongzhi 0213).

性状 Description

本品形如白芍片，表面微黄色或淡棕黄色，有的可见焦斑。气微香。
This product is shaped like white peony slices, the surface is slightly yellow or light brownish-yellow, some visible scorched spots. The odour is slightly fragrant.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Same as the crude drug,not more than 10.0 per cent.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulfur dioxide residue

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。含芍药苷（C23H28O11）不得少于1.2%。
Same as the crude drug. Containing not less than 1.2% paeoniflorin (C23H28O11).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

酒白芍 Prepared White Paeony Root with Wine

炮制 Processing

取净白芍片，照酒炙法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Take slices of pure white peony and stir-fry them until slightly yellow according to the wine-roasting method (Tongzhi 0213).

性状 Description

本品形如白芍片，表面微黄色或淡棕黄色，有的可见焦斑。微有酒香气。
This product is shaped like white peony slices, the surface is slightly yellow or light brownish-yellow, some visible scorched spots. Slightly wine aroma.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。不得少于20.5%。
Same as the crude drug. Not more than 20.5%.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。含芍药苷（C23H28O11）不得少于1.2%。
Same as the crude drug. Containing not less than 1.2% paeoniflorin (C23H28O11)

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

二氧化硫残留量 Sulfur dioxide residue

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微寒。
Slightly cold.

味 Flavor

苦、酸。
Bitter, sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

养血调经，敛阴止汗，柔肝止痛，平抑肝阳。
Nourish blood and regulate menstruation, astringe yin and stop sweating, soothe the liver and relieve pain, and calm the liver yang.

主治 Indications

用于血虚萎黄，月经不调，自汗，盗汗，胁痛，腹痛，四肢挛痛，头痛眩晕。
Used for blood deficiency and withered yellow, irregular menstruation, spontaneous sweating, night sweats, flank pain, abdominal pain, limb spasms, headache, and dizziness.

用量 Dosage

6～15 g。
6-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

不宜与藜芦同用。
Not suitable for use with Chenopodium ambrosioides.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protect from moth.

白芍

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为毛茛科植物芍药Paeonia lactiflora Pall.的干燥根。夏、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去头尾和细根，置沸水中煮后除去外皮或去皮后再煮，晒干。
White Peony Root is the dried root of Paeonia lactiflora Pall. (Farn. Ranunculaceae). The drug is collected in summer or autumn, washed clean, removed from two ends and rootlet, either peeled after boiling in water or boiled after peeling, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈圆柱形，平直或稍弯曲，两端平截，长5～18cm，直径1～2.5cm。表面类白色或淡棕红色，光洁或有纵皱纹及细根痕，偶有残存的棕褐色外皮。质坚实，不易折断，断面较平坦，类白色或微带棕红色，形成层环明显，射线放射状。气微，味微苦、酸。
Cylindrical, straight or slightly curved, two ends truncate, 5-18 cm long, 1-2.5 cm in diameter. Externally whitish or pale brownish-red, glossy or with longitudinal wrinkles, rootlet scars and occasional remains of brown cork. Texture compact, not easily broken, fracture relatively even, whitish or pale brownish-red, cambium ring distinct and rays radial. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter and sour.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄白色。糊化淀粉粒团块甚多。草酸钙簇晶直径11～35µm，存在于薄壁细胞中，常排列成行，或一个细胞中含数个簇晶。具缘纹孔导管和网纹导管直径20～65µm。纤维长梭形，直径15～40µm，壁厚，微木化，具大的圆形纹孔。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加乙醇10ml，振摇5分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取芍药苷对照品，加乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10µl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸（40：5：10：0.2）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以5%香草醛硫酸溶液，加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的蓝紫色斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过0.3mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg；汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Carry out the methods for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury and copper <2321, Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, or Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>, not more than 5 mg/kg of lead, 0.3 mg/kg of cadmium, 2 mg/kg of arsenic, 0.2 mg/kg of mercury and 20 mg/kg of copper.

二氧化硫残留量 Residue of sulfur dioxide

照二氧化硫残留量测定法（通则2331）测定，不得过400mg/kg。
Carry out the method for determination of residues of sulfur dioxide <2331>, not more than 400 mg per kg.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于22.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 22.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

白芍 White Peony Root

炮制 Processing

白芍洗净，润透，切薄片，干燥。
Paeoniae Radix Alba Wash, soften thoroughly, cut into thin slices, and dry.

本品呈类圆形的薄片。表面淡棕红色或类白色，平滑。切面类白色或微带棕红色，形成层环明显，可见稍隆起的筋脉纹呈放射状排列。气微，味微苦、酸。
In subrounded thin slices. Externally pale brownish-red or whitish, smooth. Cut surface whitish or slightly with brownish-red, cambium ring distinct, dotted vascular bundles slightly raised and radially arranged. Odour slight; taste slightly bitter and acid.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含芍药苷（C23H28O11）不得少于1.2%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 1.2 per cent of peoniflorin (CHO).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

（水分 总灰分 二氧化硫残留量）
（Water, Total ash, Residue of sulfur dioxide）

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

炒白芍 Paeoniae Radix Alba (stir-baked)

取净白芍片，照清炒法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Stir-bake the slices of Paeoniae Radix Alba as described under the method of simple stir-baking <0213> until it becomes yellowish.

本品形如白芍片，表面微黄色或淡棕黄色，有的可见焦斑。气微香。
Similar to the slices in shape, externally pale yellow or pale brownish-yellow, sometimes burned spots visible. Odour, slightly aromatic.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过10.0%。
Not more than 10.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含芍药苷（C23H28O11）不得少于1.2%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 1.2 per cent of peoniflorin (CHO).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

（总灰分 二氧化硫残留量）
（Total ash, Residue of sulfur dioxide）

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

酒白芍 Paeoniae Radix Alba (stir-baked with wine)

取净白芍片，照酒炙法（通则0213）炒至微黄色。
Stir-bake the slices of Paeoniae Radix Alba as described under the method of stir-baked with wine <0213> until it becomes yellowish.

本品形如白芍片，表面微黄色或淡棕黄色，有的可见焦斑。微有酒香气。
Similar to the slices in shape, externally pale yellow or pale brownish-yellow, sometimes burned spots visible. Slightly with wine aromatic odour.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于20.5%。
Not less than 20.5 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含芍药苷（C23H28O11）不得少于1.2%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 1.2 per cent of peoniflorin (CHO).

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

（水分
总灰分

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦、酸，微寒。归肝、脾经。
Mild cold; bitter and sour. Liver and spleen meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

养血调经，敛阴止汗，柔肝止痛，平抑肝阳。用于血虚萎黄，月经不调，自汗，盗汗，胁痛，腹痛，四肢挛痛，头痛眩晕。
To nourish the blood, regulate menstruation, astringe yin, stop sweating, emolliate the liver, relieve pain, and pacify and repress the liver yang. Used for blood deficiency with sallow complexion, menstrual irregularities, spontaneous sweating, night sweating, hypochondriac pain, abdominal pain, spasm and pain of limbs, headache, and dizziness.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～15g。
6-15 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

不宜与藜芦同用。
Incompatible with Radix et Rhizoma Veratri Nigri.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.