艾叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物艾Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant.的干燥叶。夏季花未开时采摘，除去杂质，晒干。
Argy Wormwood Leaf is the dried leaf of Artemisia argyi Levl.et Vant. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in summer before flowering, removed from impurities, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩、破碎，有短柄。完整叶片展平后呈卵状椭圆形，羽状深裂，裂片椭圆状披针形，边缘有不规则的粗锯齿；上表面灰绿色或深黄绿色，有稀疏的柔毛和腺点；下表面密生灰白色绒毛。质柔软。气清香，味苦。
Leaves are mostly wrinkled, broken, and have short petioles. When the intact leaf is flattened, it is ovate-elliptical in shape, deeply pinnately lobed, with elliptical-lanceolate lobes and irregular coarse serrations along the edges. The upper surface is grayish-green or dark yellowish-green, with sparse pubescence and glandular dots; the lower surface is densely covered with grayish-white hairs. The texture is soft. It has a clear fragrance and a bitter taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末绿褐色。非腺毛有两种：一种为T形毛，顶端细胞长而弯曲，两臂不等长，柄2～4细胞；另一种为单列性非腺毛，3～5细胞，顶端细胞特长而扭曲，常断落。腺毛表面观鞋底形，由4、6细胞相对叠合而成，无柄。草酸钙簇晶，直径3～7μm，存在于叶肉细胞中。
（1）The powder of this drug is greenish-brown. There are two types of non-glandular hairs: one is T-shaped hair, with long and curved cells at the top, and unequal arms, with a stalk of 2-4 cells; the other is single-row non-glandular hair, with 3-5 cells, and the top cells are particularly long and twisted, often falling off. The surface of glandular hairs is shoe-shaped, composed of 4-6 cells relatively superimposed, without stalks. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals, with a diameter of 3-7μm, exist in leaf parenchyma cells.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加石油醚（60～90℃）25ml，置水浴上加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加正己烷1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取艾叶对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-甲苯-丙酮（10:8:0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的主斑点。
（2）Take 2g of the powder, add 25ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), heat under reflux for 30 minutes in a water bath, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of n-hexane as the test solution. Take 1g of the reference drug of Argy Wormwood Leaf, and prepare the reference drug solution in the same way. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether(60-90°C), toluene, and acetone(10:8:0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2-5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 1% solution of vanillin sulfuric acid, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The main spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过12.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
Determine by gas chromatography <0521>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以50%苯基-甲基聚硅氧烷为固定相（柱长为30m，内经为0.25mm，膜厚度为0.25μm）；柱温为程序升温，初始温度45℃，先以每分钟2℃的速率升温至75℃，保持5分钟；然后以每分钟1℃的速率升温至90℃，保持6分钟；再以每分钟5℃的速率升温至150℃；最后以每分钟10℃的速率升温至250℃，保持5分钟；进样口温度为240℃；检测器温度为250℃。流量为每分钟0.6ml；分流进样，分流比为5:1。理论板数按龙脑峰计算应不低于50000。
50% phenyl-methylpolysiloxane was used as the stationary phase (column length was 30m, inner meridian was 0.25mm, The membrane thickness is 0.25μm), the column temperature is programmed to 45°C at an initial temperature of 45°C, first at a rate of 2°C per minute to 75°C for 5 minutes, then at a rate of 1°C per minute to 90°C for 6 minutes, then at a rate of 5°C per minute to 150°C, and finally at 10°C per minute to 250°C for 5 minutes, the inlet temperature is 240°C, and the detector temperature is 250°C. The flow rate was 0.6ml per minute, and the split injection was split with a split ratio of 5:1. The number of theoretical plates should not be less than 50000 according to the calculus peak.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取桉油精对照品、龙脑对照品适量，精密称定，加乙酸乙酯制成每1ml含桉油精0.2mg、龙脑0.1mg的混合溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of eucalyptol reference substance and borneol reference substance, weigh it accurately, and add ethyl acetate to make a mixed solution containing 0.2mg of eucalyptol and 0.1mg of borneol per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取艾叶适量，剪碎成约0.5cm的碎片，取约2.5g，精密称定，置圆底烧瓶中，加水300ml，连接挥发油测定器。自测定器上端加水使充满刻度部分，并溢流入烧瓶时为止，再加乙酸乙酯2.5ml，连接回流冷凝管。加热至沸腾，再加热5小时，放冷，分取乙酸乙酯液，置10ml量瓶中，用乙酸乙酯分次洗涤测定器及冷凝管，转入同一量瓶中，用乙酸乙酯稀释至刻度，摇匀，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of mugwort leaves, cut them into pieces of about 0.5cm, take about 2.5g, weigh them accurately, put them in a round-bottom flask, add 300ml of water, and connect them to a volatile oil tester. When water is added to the upper end of the tester to fill the scale part and overflow into the flask, add 2.5ml of ethyl acetate and connect it to the reflux condenser tube. Heat to boiling, heat for another 5 hours, let cool, divide the ethyl acetate solution, put it in a 10ml measuring flask, wash the tester and condenser tube with ethyl acetate in stages, transfer it to the same measuring flask, dilute it to the scale with ethyl acetate, shake well, and obtain.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各1μl，注入气相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Respectively, 1μl of the reference solution and 1μl of the test solution were accurately absorbed, injected into the gas chromatograph, and measured.

本品按干燥品计算，含桉油精（C10H8O）不得少于0.050%，含龙脑（C10H18O）不得少于0.020%。
This product is calculated as a dry product, containing eucalyptol (C10H8O) shall not be less than 0.050%, and borneol (C10H18O) shall not be less than 0.020%.

饮片 Prepared slices

艾叶 Artemisiae Argyi Folium

炮制 Processing

除去杂质及梗，筛去灰屑。
Remove impurities and stems, sift out ash debris.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

醋艾炭 Vinegar-processed Artemisiae Argyi Folium

炮制 Processing

取净艾叶，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至表面焦黑色，喷醋，炒干。
Take clean Artemisiae Argyi Folium, stir-fry with vinegar <0213> until the surface is charred black, spray with vinegar, and fry until dry.

每100kg艾叶，用醋15kg。
For every 100kg of mugwort leaves, use 15kg of vinegar.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的碎片，表面黑褐色，有细条状叶柄。具醋香气。
This product is irregular fragments with a black-brown surface and fine strip-like petioles. It has a vinegar aroma.

鉴别 Identification

（除显微粉末外）同药材。
(Except for microscopic powder) Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾、肾经。
Liver, spleen, and kidney meridian.

功能 Actions

温经止血，散寒止痛；外用祛湿止痒。
Warm the meridians and stop bleeding, dispel cold and alleviate pain; externally used to dispel dampness and relieve itching.

主治 Indications

用于吐血，衄血，崩漏，月经过多，胎漏下血，少腹冷痛，经寒不调，宫冷不孕；外治皮肤瘙痒。醋艾炭温经止血，用于虚寒性出血。
Used for vomiting blood, nosebleed, excessive menstruation, threatened miscarriage with bleeding, cold pain in the lower abdomen, irregular menstruation due to cold, and cold infertility; externally used for skin itching. Vinegar-processed Artemisiae Argyi Folium warms the meridians and stops bleeding, used for bleeding due to deficiency-cold.

用量 Dosage

3～9g。外用适量。
3-9g. Appropriate amount for external use.

用法 Administration

供灸治或熏洗用。
Moxibustion or fumigation.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。
Slightly toxic

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.

艾叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物艾Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant.的干燥叶。夏季花未开时采摘，除去杂质，晒干。
Argy Wormwood Leaf is the dried leaf of Artemisia argyi Lévl. et Vant. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected in summer before flowering, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品多皱缩、破碎，有短柄。完整叶片展平后呈卵状椭圆形，羽状深裂，裂片椭圆状披针形，边缘有不规则的粗锯齿；上表面灰绿色或深黄绿色，有稀疏的柔毛和腺点；下表面密生灰白色绒毛。质柔软。气清香，味苦。
Mostly crumpled and broken, short petioled. When whole, ovate-elliptical, pinnatipartite, segments elliptical-lanceolate, margin irregularly dentate; upper surface greyish-green or dark yellowish-green, sparsely pubescent and glandular-punctate, lower surface densely greyish-white tomentose. Texture soft. Odour, delicately aromatic; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末绿褐色。非腺毛有两种：一种为T形毛，顶端细胞长而弯曲，两臂不等长，柄2～4细胞；另一种为单列性非腺毛，3～5细胞，顶端细胞特长而扭曲，常断落。腺毛表面观鞋底形，由4、6细胞相对叠合而成，无柄。草酸钙簇晶，直径3～7μm，存在于叶肉细胞中。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加石油醚（60～90℃）25ml，置水浴上加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加正己烷1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取艾叶对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（60～90℃）-甲苯-丙酮（10：8：0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的主斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过12.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照气相色谱法（通则0521）测定。
Carry out the method for gas chromatography <0521>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以甲基硅橡胶（SE-30）为固定相，涂布浓度为10%；柱温为110℃。理论板数按桉油精峰计算应不低于1000。

对照品溶液的制备
取桉油精对照品适量，精密称定，加正己烷制成每1ml含0.15mg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入正己烷25ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量。用正己烷补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各2μl，注入气相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含桉油精（C10H8O）不得少于0.050%。
It contains not less than 0.050 per cent of cineole (C10 H8O), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

艾叶 Argy Wormwood Leaf

炮制 Processing

艾叶除去杂质及梗，筛去灰屑。
Eliminate foreign matter and petioles, and sift.

性状 Description

【性状】【鉴别】【检查】【含量测定】同药材。
Description and Identification As required for the crude drug.

醋艾炭 Argy Wormwood Leaf (carbonized and processed with vinegar)

取净艾叶，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至表面焦黑色，喷醋，炒干。
每100kg艾叶，用醋15kg。

本品呈不规则的碎片，表面黑褐色，有细条状叶柄。具醋香气。
Irregular pieces. Surface black-brown, petioles thin, vinegary-aromatic.

【鉴别】（除显微粉末外）同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug except for the identification of powder.

【性味与归经】辛、苦，温；有小毒。归肝、脾、肾经。
Property and Flavor Warm; pungent and bitter; slightly toxic. Meridian tropism Liver, spleen and kidney meridians.

【功能与主治】温经止血，散寒止痛；外用祛湿止痒。用于吐血，衄血，崩漏，月经过多，胎漏下血，少腹冷痛，经寒不调，宫冷不孕；外治皮肤瘙痒。醋艾炭温经止血，用于虚寒性出血。
Actions To warm the meridian, stanch bleeding, dissipate cold and relieve pain. Indications Hematemesis, epistaxis, menstrual flooding and spotting, profuse menstruation, vaginal bleeding during pregnancy, cold pain in the lower abdomen, menstrual irregularities caused by cold, infertility caused by uterine coldness; Topical application: itching of skin. Argy Wormwood Leaf (carbonized and processed with vinegar) can warm the meridians and stanch bleeding, and could be used for deficiency cold bleeding.

【用法与用量】3～9g。外用适量，供灸治或熏洗用。
Administration and dosage 3-9 g. Appropriate amount for topical application. It can be used for moxibustion or decocted for fuming-washing therapy.

【贮藏】置阴凉干燥处。
Storage Preserve in a cool and dry place.