巴戟天

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为茜草科植物巴戟天Morinda officinalis How的干燥根。全年均可采挖，洗净，除去须根，晒至六七成干，轻轻捶扁，晒干。
Morinda Root is the dried root of Morinda officinalis How (Fam. Rubiaceae). It can be collected and dug all year round, washed, removed from root hairs, dried to about 60-70% dryness, lightly pounded, and dried.

性状 Description

本品为扁圆柱形，略弯曲，长短不等，直径0.5～2 cm。表面灰黄色或暗灰色，具纵纹和横裂纹，有的皮部横向断离露出木部；质韧，断面皮部厚，紫色或淡紫色，易与木部剥离；木部坚硬，黄棕色或黄白色，直径1～5 mm。气微，味甘而微涩。
Roots are flattened cylindrical, slightly curved, variable in length, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. Surface grayish-yellow or dark gray, with longitudinal ridges and transverse cracks, some bark horizontally separated to expose the wood; texture tough, cross-section bark thick, purple or pale purple, easily separated from the wood; wood hard, yellow-brown or yellow-white, diameter 1-5 mm. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为数列细胞。栓内层外侧石细胞单个或数个成群，断续排列成环；薄壁细胞含有草酸钙针晶束，切向排列。韧皮部宽广，内侧薄壁细胞含草酸钙针晶束，轴向排列。形成层明显。木质部导管单个散在或2～3个相聚，呈放射状排列，直径至105 μm；木纤维较发达；木射线宽1～3列细胞；偶见非木化的木薄壁细胞群。
（1）The transverse section of the root shows cork consisting of several layers of cells. The outermost layer of cork is composed of single or several groups of stone cells arranged in interrupted rings; thin-walled cells contain bundles of calcium oxalate prisms arranged in tangential rows. Cortex is wide, with thin-walled cells containing bundles of calcium oxalate prisms arranged in axial rows. Cambium distinct. Xylem contains scattered or 2-3 groups of vessels arranged radially, up to 105 μm in diameter; wood fibers well developed; wood rays 1-3 cells wide; occasionally non-lignified parenchyma cell groups are seen.

粉末淡紫色或紫褐色。石细胞淡黄色，类圆形、类方形、类长方形、长条形或不规则形，有的一端尖，直径21～96 μm，壁厚至39 μm，有的层纹明显，纹孔和孔沟明显，有的石细胞形大，壁稍厚。草酸钙针晶多成束存在于薄壁细胞中，针晶长至184 μm。具缘纹孔导管淡黄色，直径至105 μm，具缘纹孔细密。纤维管胞长梭形，具缘纹孔较大，纹孔口斜缝状或相交成人字形、十字形。
Powder is pale purple or purplish-brown. Stone cells are pale yellow, resembling circular, square, rectangular, elongated or irregular shapes, some with pointed ends, 21-96 μm in diameter, up to 39 μm in wall thickness, some with distinct layers, distinct pits and pit canals, some stone cells are larger with slightly thicker walls. Bundles of calcium oxalate prisms are present in thin-walled cells, with prisms up to 184 μm in length. Vessels with bordered pits are pale yellow, up to 105 μm in diameter, with densely distributed bordered pits. Fiber-tracheids are elongated with larger bordered pits, and the pit apertures are slits or intersect to form a herringbone or cross shape.

（2）取本品粉末2.5 g，加乙醇25 ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液浓缩至1 ml，作为供试品溶液。另取巴戟天对照药材2.5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶GF254薄层板上，以甲苯-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（8:2:0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（254 nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 2.5 g of the powder add 25 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, and concentrate the filtrate to 1 ml as the test solution. Take 2.5 g of the reference drug Morinda Root, and prepare the reference drug solution using the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel GF254 as the coating substance and a mixture of toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (8:2:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 254 nm. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于50.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201>, the cold maceration method, not less than 50.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-水（3:97）为流动相；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按耐斯糖峰计算应不低于2000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-water (3:97) as the mobile phase; detect with an evaporative light scattering detector. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of sucrose should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取耐斯糖对照品适量，精密称定，加流动相制成每1 ml含0.2 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of sucrose reference substance, accurately weigh, add the mobile phase to make a solution containing 0.2 mg per 1 ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）0.5 g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入流动相50 ml，称定重量，沸水浴中加热30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用流动相补足减失的重量，摇匀，放置，取上清液滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take 0.5 g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of the mobile phase, weigh, heat in a boiling water bath for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with the mobile phase, shake well, let stand, filter the supernatant, and collect the filtrate.

测定法 Method of determination

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10 μl、30 μl，供试品溶液10 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，用外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Accurately aspirate 10 μl and 30 μl of the reference solution, and 10 μl of the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, determine, calculate using the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method, and obtain the result.

本品按干燥品计算，含耐斯糖（C24H42O21）不得少于2.0%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of sucrose (C24H42O21) should not be less than 2.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

巴戟天 Morinda Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate Foreign matter.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

巴戟肉 Processed Morinda Root

炮制 Processing

取净巴戟天，照蒸法（通则0213）蒸透，趁热除去木心，切段，干燥。
Take clean Morinda Root, steam until thoroughly cooked according to the steaming method <0213>, remove the pith while hot, cut into sections, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆柱形短段或不规则块。表面灰黄色或暗灰色，具纵纹和横裂纹。切面皮部厚，紫色或淡紫色，中空。气微，味甘而微涩。
This product is flat and cylindrical short sections or irregular blocks. The surface is grayish-yellow or dark gray, with longitudinal and transverse cracks. The cortex is thick, purple or light purple, and hollow. It has a slight odor and a sweet and slightly astringent taste.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面和显微粉末外）同药材。
(Except for cross-section and microscopic powder) Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

盐巴戟天 Salt-processed Morinda Root

炮制 Processing

取净巴戟天，照盐蒸法（通则0213）蒸透，趁热除去木心，切段，干燥。
Take clean Morinda Root, steam until thoroughly cooked according to the salt steaming method <0213>, remove the pith while hot, cut into sections, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆柱形短段或不规则块。表面灰黄色或暗灰色，具纵纹和横裂纹。切面皮部厚，紫色或淡紫色，中空。气微，味甘、咸而微涩。
This product is flat and cylindrical short sections or irregular blocks. The surface is grayish-yellow or dark gray, with longitudinal and transverse cracks. The cortex is thick, purple or light purple, and hollow. It has a slight odor and a sweet, salty, and slightly astringent taste.

检查 Examination

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过8.0%。
Total ash, same as the crude drug, not more than 8.0 per cent.

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面和显微粉末外）同药材。
(Except for cross-section and microscopic powder) Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

制巴戟天 Prepared Morinda Root

炮制 Processing

取甘草，捣碎，加水煎汤，去渣，加入净巴戟天拌匀，照煮法（通则0213）煮透，趁热除去木心，切段，干燥。
Take licorice, crush it, add water to make a decoction, remove the residue, add clean Morinda Root and mix well, cook until thoroughly cooked according to the boiling method <0213>, remove the pith while hot, cut into sections, and dry.

每100 kg巴戟天，用甘草6 kg。
For every 100 kg of Morinda Root, use 6 kg of licorice.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆柱形短段或不规则块。表面灰黄色或暗灰色，具纵纹和横裂纹。切面皮部厚，紫色或淡紫色，中空。气微，味甘而微涩。
This product is flat and cylindrical short sections or irregular blocks. The surface is grayish-yellow or dark gray, with longitudinal and transverse cracks. The cortex is thick, purple or light purple, and hollow. It has a slight odor and a sweet and slightly astringent taste.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面和显微粉末外）同药材。
(Except for cross-section and microscopic powder) Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

微温。
Slightly warm.

味 Flavor

甘、辛。
Sweet, pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、肝经。
Kidney and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

补肾阳，强筋骨，祛风湿。
Tonify kidney yang, strengthen tendons and bones, dispel wind and dampness.

主治 Indications

用于阳痿遗精，宫冷不孕，月经不调，少腹冷痛，风湿痹痛，筋骨痿软。
Used for impotence and premature ejaculation, cold uterus causing infertility, irregular menstruation, cold and painful lower abdomen, wind-dampness arthralgia, and flaccidity of tendons and bones.

用量 Dosage

3～10 g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place, protect from mold and insects.

巴戟天

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为茜草科植物巴戟天Morinda officinalis How的干燥根。全年均可采挖，洗净，除去须根，晒至六七成干，轻轻捶扁，晒干。
Morinda Root is the dried root of Morinda officinalis How (Fam. Rubiaceae). The drug is collected all the year round, removed from rootlet, dried in the sun partially, beaten gently to be compressed, and then dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品为扁圆柱形，略弯曲，长短不等，直径0.5～2cm。表面灰黄色或暗灰色，具纵纹和横裂纹，有的皮部横向断离露出木部；质韧，断面皮部厚，紫色或淡紫色，易与木部剥离；木部坚硬，黄棕色或黄白色，直径1～5mm。气微，味甘而微涩。
Compressed-cylindrical, somewhat curved, varying in length, 0.5-2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-yellow or dark grey, with longitudinal wrinkles and transverse cracks, some bark transversely broken and wood exposed. Texture tough, fracture bark thick, purple or purplish, easily separated from wood. Wood hard, yellowish-brown or yellowish-white, 1-5 mm in diameter. Odour, slight; taste, sweet and slightly astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓层为数列细胞。栓内层外侧石细胞单个或数个成群，断续排列成环；薄壁细胞含有草酸钙针晶束，切向排列。韧皮部宽广，内侧薄壁细胞含草酸钙针晶束，轴向排列。形成层明显。木质部导管单个散在或2～3个相聚，呈放射状排列，直径至105μm；木纤维较发达；木射线宽1～3列细胞；偶见非木化的木薄壁细胞群。
粉末淡紫色或紫褐色。石细胞淡黄色，类圆形、类方形、类长方形、长条形或不规则形，有的一端尖，直径21～96μm，壁厚至39μm，有的层纹明显，纹孔和孔沟明显，有的石细胞形大，壁稍厚。草酸钙针晶多成束存在于薄壁细胞中，针晶长至184μm。具缘纹孔导管淡黄色，直径至105μm，具缘纹孔细密。纤维管胞长梭形，具缘纹孔较大，纹孔口斜缝状或相交成人字形、十字形。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的冷浸法测定，不得少于50.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the cold maceration method>, not less than 50.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and water (3:97) as the mobile phase, using an evaporative light scattering detector. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 2000, calculated with the reference to the peak of nystose.

饮片 Prepared slices

巴戟天 Morinda Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质。
Eliminate foreign matter.

性 Property

甘、辛，微温。
Mild warm; sweet and pungent.

味 Flavor

甘、辛。
Sweet and pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肾、肝经。
Kidney and pungent meridians.

功能 Actions

补肾阳，强筋骨，祛风湿。
To tonify the kidney yang, strengthen sinew and bone, and dispel wind-dampness.

主治 Indications

用于阳痿遗精，宫冷不孕，月经不调，少腹冷痛，风湿痹痛，筋骨痿软。
Impotence, seminal emission, infertility caused by uterine coldness, menstrual irregularities, cold pain in the lower abdomen, painful bi disorders caused by wind-dampness, and limp wilting sinew and bone.

用量 Dosage

3～10g。
3-10 g.

用法 Administration

口服。
Oral administration.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处，防霉，防蛀。
Preserve in a ventilated dry place, and protect from mould and moth.