木芙蓉叶

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为锦葵科植物木芙蓉Hibiscus mutabilis L.的干燥叶。夏、秋二季采收，干燥。
Hibiscus Mutabilis Leaf is the dried leaf of Hibiscus mutabilis L. (Fam. Malvaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, and dried.

性状 Description

本品多卷缩、破碎，全体被毛。完整叶片展平后呈卵圆状心形，宽10～20cm，掌状3～7浅裂，裂片三角形，边缘有钝齿。上表面暗黄绿色，下表面灰绿色，叶脉7～11条，于两面突起。叶柄长5～20cm。气微，味微辛。
Leaves rolled and broken, covered with hairs. Whole leaf, when flattened, ovate-heart-shaped, 10-20 cm wide, palmately 3-7-lobed, lobes triangular, margin bluntly toothed. Upper surface dark yellowish-green, lower surface greyish-green, 7-11-veined, veins prominent on both surfaces. Petiole 5-20 cm long. Odour, slight; taste, slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末暗黄绿色或灰绿色。非腺毛较多，单生或星状簇生，单细胞，长圆锥形，有的略弯曲。腺毛有2种：长柄腺毛多碎断，头部单细胞，腺柄（完整者）多至24个细胞，长至570μm；短柄腺毛头部3～4细胞，腺柄极短，1～2细胞。红棕色色素颗粒类圆形，散在于薄壁细胞中。黏液细胞类圆形，无色或浅棕色，直径60～80μm，表面具辐射状细密的纹理。草酸钙簇晶，直径15～20μm，单个散在或多个存在于薄壁细胞中。
(1) The powder is dark yellowish-green or greyish-green. Non-glandular hairs are more, solitary or stellate-clustered, unicellular, elongated-conical, some slightly curved. Glandular hairs are of two types: long-stalked glandular hairs mostly broken, head unicellular, glandular stalk (intact) up to 24 cells, up to 570 μm long; short-stalked glandular hairs head 3-4 cells, glandular stalk very short, 1-2 cells. Red-brown pigment granules are circular and scattered in thin-walled cells. Mucilage cells are circular, colorless or light brown, with a diameter of 60-80 μm, and the surface has a radiate fine texture. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals are 15-20 μm in diameter, either scattered singly or present in multiple in thin-walled cells.

（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇30ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水15ml使溶解，用三氯甲烷20ml振摇提取，弃去三氯甲烷液，水液用水饱和的正丁醇25ml振摇提取，取正丁醇液，回收溶剂至干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取木芙蓉叶对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取芦丁对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各2μl、对照品溶液1μl，分别点于同一用4%醋酸钠溶液制备的硅胶G板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水-丙酮（15∶2∶3∶7）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 30ml of methanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 15ml of water, extract with 20ml of chloroform by shaking, discard the chloroform solution, extract the aqueous layer with 25ml of water-saturated n-butanol by shaking, take the n-butanol solution, recover the solvent to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take 0.5g of the reference drug Hibiscus Mutabilis Leaf, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Take rutin CRS as the reference substance, and prepare a solution containing 0.5mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of glacial acetic acid- formic acid-water-acetone (15:2:3:7) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 1 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过14.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以四氢呋喃-0.3%磷酸溶液（15∶85）为流动相；检测波长为359nm。理论板数按芦丁峰计算应不低于3000。
Using octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; using tetrahydrofuran-0.3% phosphoric acid solution (15:85) as the mobile phase; the detection wavelength is 359nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of rutin should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取芦丁对照品适量，精密称定，加稀乙醇制成每1ml含16μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of rutin reference substance, accurately weigh, add dilute ethanol to make a solution containing 16μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用稀乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of dilute ethanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with dilute ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 20μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含无水芦丁（C27H30O16）不得少于0.070%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of anhydrous rutin (C27H30O16) should not be less than 0.070%.

饮片 Prepared slices

木芙蓉叶 Hibiscus Mutabilis Leaf

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，稍润，切丝或切碎，干燥；或研粉。
Remove impurities, spray with water, slightly moisten, cut into shreds or crush, dry; or grind into powder.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的片状或丝条状，多卷缩，上表面暗绿色，下表面黄绿色，密被短柔毛及星状毛，叶脉于两面突起。质脆易碎。气微，味微辛。
This product is irregular flaky or silky, multi-rolled, dark green on the upper surface, yellow-green on the lower surface, densely pubescent and stellate hairs, and veins protrude on both sides. Crisp and fragile. Tiny, slightly spicy taste.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

辛。
Pungent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

凉血，解毒，消肿，止痛。
To cool the blood, detoxify, reduce swelling, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

治痈疽域肿，缠身蛇丹，烫伤，目赤肿痛，跌打损伤。
Used for carbuncle and swelling, snakebite, scald, red and swollen eyes, and traumatic injury.

用量 Dosage

10～30g。
10-30 g.

用法 Administration

外用适量。
For external use, use an appropriate amount.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

木芙蓉叶

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为锦葵科植物木芙蓉Hibiscus mutabilis L.的干燥叶。夏、秋二季采收，干燥。
Cottonrose Hibiscus is the dried leaf of Hibiscus mutabilis L. (Fam. Malvaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, and dried.

性状 Description

本品多卷缩、破碎，全体被毛。完整叶片展平后呈卵圆状心形，宽10～20cm，掌状3～7浅裂，裂片三角形，边缘有钝齿。上表面暗黄绿色，下表面灰绿色，叶脉7～11条，于两面突起。叶柄长5～20cm。气微，味微辛。
Mostly crumpled and broken, covered with hair. When whole, ovate-rounded cordate, 12-20 cm wide, 3-7 slightly parted, lobes triangular, margin blunt serrate. Upper surface dark yellowish-green, lower surface greyish-green, leaf vein 7-11, prominent in two surfaces. Petiole 5-20 cm long. Odour, slight; taste slightly pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末暗黄绿色或灰绿色。非腺毛较多，单生或星状簇生，单细胞，长圆锥形，有的略弯曲，直径10～15μm。红棕色色素团粒，类圆形，较多，散在于薄壁细胞中。黏液细胞类圆形，无色或浅棕色，直径60～80μm，表面具辐射状细密的纹理。草酸钙族晶，直径15～20μm，单个散在或多个存在于薄壁细胞中。气孔不定式，多破碎。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，加甲醇30ml，加热回流30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水15ml使溶解，用三氯甲烷20ml振摇提取，弃去三氯甲烷液，水液用水饱和的正丁醇25ml振摇提取，取正丁醇液，蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取木芙蓉叶对照药材0.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取芦丁对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各2μl、对照品溶液1μl，分别点于同一用4%醋酸钠溶液制备的硅胶G板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲酸-水-丙酮（15：2：3：7）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过15.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过14.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以四氢呋喃-0.3%磷酸溶液（15：85）为流动相；检测波长为359nm。理论板数按芦丁峰计算应不低于3000。

对照品溶液的制备
取芦丁对照品适量，精密称定，加稀乙醇制成每1ml含16μg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品粉末（过三号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入稀乙醇25ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用稀乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含无水芦丁（C27H30O16）不得少于0.070%。
It contains not less than 0.070 per cent of anhydrous rutin (C27 H30O16), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

木芙蓉叶 Cottonrose Hibiscus

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，稍润，切丝或切碎，干燥；或研粉。
Eliminate foreign matter, spray with water, soften briefly, cut into shreds or crush, and dry; or grind into powder.

性 Property

辛，平。
Pungent, Neutral.

味 Flavor

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

凉血，解毒，消肿，止痛。
To cool the blood, remove toxin, relieve swelling, and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

治痈疽焮肿，缠身蛇丹，烫伤，目赤肿痛，跌打损伤。
Abscess, cellulitis, herpes zoster, scalds, burns, swelling painful congested eyes, and traumatic injuries.

用量 Dosage

10～30g。外用适量。
10-30 g. Doses for topical application may vary.

用法 Administration

后下。
Add when the decoction is nearly done.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a cool and dry place.