乌梅

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蔷薇科植物梅Prunus mume（Sieb.）Sieb.etZucc.的干燥近成熟果实。夏季果实近成熟时采收，低温烘干后闷至色变黑。
Mume Fruit is the dried nearly ripe fruit of Prunus mume (Sieb.) Sieb. et Zucc. (Fam. Rosaceae). The fruit is collected in summer when nearly ripe, dried at low temperature, and then stored until it turns black.

性状 Description

本品呈类球形或扁球形，直径1.5～3 cm。表面乌黑色或棕黑色，皱缩不平，基部有圆形果梗痕。果核坚硬，椭圆形，棕黄色，表面有凹点；种子扁卵形，淡黄色。气微，味极酸。
Mume Fruit is nearly spherical or oblate, measuring 1.5-3 cm in diameter. The surface is black or dark brown, wrinkled and uneven, with a circular fruit stalk scar at the base. The stone is hard, elliptical, and brownish-yellow with concave points on the surface. The seed is flat-ovate and pale yellow. It has a slight odor and an extremely sour taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮石细胞极多，单个散在或数个成群，几无色或淡绿黄色，类多角形、类圆形或长圆形，直径10～72 μm，壁厚，孔沟细密，常内含红棕色物。非腺毛单细胞，稍弯曲或作钩状，胞腔多含黄棕色物。种皮石细胞棕黄色或棕红色，侧面观呈贝壳形、盔帽形或类长方形，底部较宽，外壁呈半月形或圆拱形，层纹细密。果皮表皮细胞淡黄棕色，表面观类多角形，壁稍厚，非腺毛或毛茸脱落后的痕迹多见。
(1) The powder of Mume Fruit is reddish-brown. The inner fruit peel contains numerous stone cells, which are either scattered or grouped in several clusters. They are colorless or pale greenish-yellow, polygonal or circular, or elongated in shape, with a diameter of 10-72 μm. The cells have thick walls and fine pits, often containing reddish-brown substances. The non-glandular hairs are single cells, slightly curved or hook-shaped, and the cell cavities often contain yellowish-brown substances. The stone cells of the seed coat are brownish-yellow or reddish-brown. When viewed from the side, they are shell-shaped, helmet-shaped, or elongated with a wider base. The outer wall is crescent-shaped or arched, and the layer pattern is fine. The epidermal cells of the fruit peel are light yellowish-brown and appear polygonal. The walls are slightly thick, and non-glandular hairs or traces of fallen hairs are often seen.

（2）取本品粉末5 g，加甲醇30 ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20 ml使溶解，加乙醚振摇提取2次，每次20 ml，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣用石油醚（30～60℃）浸泡2次，每次15 ml（浸泡约2分钟），倾去石油醚，残渣加无水乙醇2 ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取乌梅对照药材5 g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取熊果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1～2 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20:5:8:0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 5 g of the powder, add 30 ml of methanol, and sonicate for 30 minutes. Filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 20 ml of water, extract with two 20 ml portions of ether, combine the ether extracts, and evaporate to dryness. Soak the residue twice with 15 ml of petroleum ether (30-60°C) (each time for about 2 minutes), decant the petroleum ether, and dissolve the residue in 2 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take another 5 g of Mume Fruit as the reference material and prepare a reference material solution using the same method. Take ursolic acid CRS as the reference substance and prepare a solution containing 0.5 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane-chloroform-ethyl acetate-formic acid (20:5:8:0.1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 1-2 μl of each of the above three solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference material and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于24.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 24.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢铵溶液（3:97）（用磷酸调节pH值至3.0）为流动相；检测波长为210 nm。理论板数按枸橼酸峰计算应不低于7000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.5% ammonium dihydrogen phosphate solution (3:97) (adjust the pH value to 3.0 with phosphoric acid) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 210 nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of citric acid should not be less than 7000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取枸橼酸对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1 ml含0.5 mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of citric acid reference substance, accurately weigh, add water to make a solution containing 0.5 mg per 1 ml, and set aside.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品最粗粉约0.2 g，精密称定，精密加入水50 ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水补足减失的重量，摇匀，离心，取上清液，即得。
Take about 0.2 g of the coarsest powder of the test substance, accurately weigh, accurately add 50ml of water, weigh again, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with water, shake well, centrifuge, and take the supernatant.

测定法 Method of determination

分别精密吸取对照品溶液10 μl与供试品溶液5 μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately draw 10 μl of the reference solution and 5 μl of the test solution, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于12.0%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of citric acid (C6H8O7) should not be less than 12.0 per cent.

饮片 Prepared slices

乌梅 Fructus Mume

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Remove impurities from Fructus Mume, wash it clean, and dry it.

性状 Description

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

乌梅肉 Fructus Mume (Flesh)

炮制 Processing

取净乌梅，水润使软或蒸软，去核。
Take clean Fructus Mume, moisten it with water to make it soft or steam it until soft, and remove the pit.

乌梅炭 Fructus Mume (Charred)

炮制 Processing

取净乌梅，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至皮肉鼓起。
Take clean Fructus Mume, stir-fry it according to the method of charring <0213> until the skin and flesh are swollen.

性状 Description

本品形如乌梅，皮肉鼓起，表面焦黑色。味酸略有苦味。
The product is shaped like Fructus Mume, with swollen skin and flesh and a charred black surface. It tastes sour with a slight bitterness.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材，不得少于18.0%。
Same as the crude drug, not less than 18.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于6.0%。
Same as the crude drug, the content of citric acid (C6H8O7) should not be less than 6.0 per cent.

鉴别 Identification

（除显微粉末外）同药材。
(Except for microscopic powder) Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

毒性 Toxicity

无。
None.

味 Flavor

酸、涩。
Sour and astringent.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。
Liver, spleen, lung, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

敛肺，涩肠，生津，安蛔。
To astringe the lung, bind the intestines, generate body fluids, and expel roundworms.

主治 Indications

用于肺虚久咳，久泻久痢，虚热消渴，蛔厥呕吐腹痛。
Used for chronic cough due to lung deficiency, chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, deficiency heat with excessive thirst, roundworm-induced abdominal pain, vomiting, and abdominal pain.

用量 Dosage

6～12 g。
6-12 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.

乌梅

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蔷薇科植物梅Prunus mume（Sieb.）Sieb. et Zucc.的干燥近成熟果实。夏季果实近成熟时采收，低温烘干后闷至色变黑。
Smoked Plum is the almost ripe and dried fruit of Prunus mume(Sieb.)Sieb.et zucc.(Fam.Rosa-ceae).The drug is collected in summer when almost ripe, baked at a low temperature, and covered until turns to black in colour.

性状 Description

本品呈类球形或扁球形，直径1.5～3cm。表面乌黑色或棕黑色，皱缩不平，基部有圆形果梗痕。果核坚硬，椭圆形，棕黄色，表面有凹点；种子扁卵形，淡黄色。气微，味极酸。
Subspheroial or flattened-spheroidal, 1.5-3 cm in diameter. Externally black or brownish-black, shrunken and uneven, with a rounded fruit stalk scar at the base. Kern hard, ellipsoidal, brownish-yellow, with dented spots on surface；seeds flattened-ovoid, pale yellow.Odour, slight；taste, extremely sour.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末红棕色。内果皮石细胞极多，单个散在或数个成群，几无色或淡绿黄色，类多角形、类圆形或长圆形，直径10～72μm，壁厚，孔沟细密，常内含红棕色物。非腺毛单细胞，稍弯曲或作钩状，胞腔多含黄棕色物。种皮石细胞棕黄色或棕红色，侧面观呈贝壳形、盔帽形或类长方形，底部较宽，外壁呈半月形或圆拱形，层纹细密。果皮表皮细胞淡黄棕色，表面观类多角形，壁稍厚，非腺毛或毛茸脱落后的痕迹多见。
（2）取本品粉末5g，加甲醇30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加水20ml使溶解，加乙醚振摇提取2次，每次20ml，合并乙醚液，蒸干，残渣用石油醚（30～60℃）浸泡2次，每次15ml（浸泡约2分钟），倾去石油醚，残渣加无水乙醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取乌梅对照药材5g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取熊果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各1～2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-三氯甲烷-乙酸乙酯-甲酸（20：5：8：0.1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过16.0%（通则0832）第二法。
Not more than 16.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于24.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 24.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Assay Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验
以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.5%磷酸二氢铵溶液（3：97）（用磷酸调节pH值至3.0）为流动相；检测波长为210nm。理论板数按枸橼酸峰计算应不低于7000。

对照品溶液的制备
取枸橼酸对照品适量，精密称定，加水制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，即得。

供试品溶液的制备
取本品最粗粉约0.2g，精密称定，精密加入水50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用水补足减失的重量，摇匀，离心，取上清液，即得。

测定法
分别精密吸取对照品溶液10μl与供试品溶液5μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。

本品按干燥品计算，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于12.0%。
It contains not less than 12.0 per cent of citric acid (C6H8O7), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

乌梅 Smoked Plum

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash, and dry.

性状 Description

【鉴别】【浸出物】【含量测定】同药材。
Description and Identification As required for the crude drug.

乌梅肉 Pulp of Smoked Plum

取净乌梅，水润使软或蒸软，去核。
Pulp of Mume Fructus Soften the clean Mume Fructus with water or by steaming, removed from kernels.

乌梅炭 Mume Fructus (carbonized)

取净乌梅，照炒炭法（通则0213）炒至皮肉鼓起。
Mume Fructus (carbonized) Stir-bake the clean Mume Fructus as described under the method for carbonizing by stir-baking <0213> until pericarp and pulp bulged.

本品形如乌梅，皮肉鼓起，表面焦黑色。味酸略有苦味。
Similar to the crude drug in shape, pericarp and pulp raised, externally charred black. Taste, sour and slightly bitter.

【浸出物】同药材，不得少于18.0%。
Extractives Not less than 18.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

【含量测定】同药材，含枸橼酸（C6H8O7）不得少于6.0%。
Assay It contains not less than 6.0 per cent of citric acid (C6H8O7), following the method for the crude drug.

【鉴别】（除显微粉末外）同药材。
Identification As required for the crude drug except for the power.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

酸、涩，平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。
Neutral ; sour and astringent. Liver, spleen, lung and large intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

敛肺，涩肠，生津，安蛔。用于肺虚久咳，久泻久痢，虚热消渴，蛔厥呕吐腹痛。
To astringe the lung and intestines, engender fluid, and quiet ascaris. Chronic cough caused by lung deficiency, chronic diarrhea, chronic dysentery, deficient fever, diabetes, abdominal pain caused by roundworm, and vomiting.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防潮。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moisture.