酸枣仁

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鼠李科植物酸枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa（Bunge）Hu ex H. F. Chou的干燥成熟种子。秋末冬初采收成熟果实，除去果肉和核壳，收集种子，晒干。
Sour Jujube Seed is the dried mature seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou (Fam. Rhamnaceae). The drug is collected in late autumn and early winter when the fruit is ripe, removed from the pulp and shell, and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆形或扁椭圆形，长5～9mm，宽5～7mm，厚约3mm。表面紫红色或紫褐色，平滑有光泽，有的有裂纹。有的两面均呈圆隆状突起；有的一面较平坦，中间有1条隆起的纵线纹；另一面稍突起。一端凹陷，可见线形种脐；另端有细小突起的合点。种皮较脆，胚乳白色，子叶2，浅黄色，富油性。气微，味淡。
Seeds are flattened-round or flattened-elliptical, 5-9 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, and about 3 mm thick. The surface is purplish-red or purplish-brown, smooth and shiny, with some cracks. Some seeds have rounded protuberances on both sides; some have one side slightly flat with a raised longitudinal line in the middle, and the other side slightly protuberant. One end is concave with a linear hilum, and the other end has small protrusions forming a point of fusion. The seed coat is brittle, the endosperm is white, and the cotyledons are 2, light yellow, and oily. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕红色。种皮栅状细胞棕红色，表面观多角形，直径约15μm，壁厚，木化，胞腔小；侧面观呈长条形，外壁增厚，侧壁上、中部甚厚，下部渐薄；底面观类多角形或圆多角形。种皮内表皮细胞棕黄色，表面观长方形或类方形，垂周壁连珠状增厚，木化。子叶表皮细胞含细小草酸钙簇晶和方晶。
(1) The powder of this product is brownish red. Seed coat fenestrated cells brownish red, surface view polygonal, about 15μm in diameter, thick wall, lignification, small cell cavity; lateral view of the long strip, thickening of the outer wall, the side wall of the upper and middle part of the thick, the lower part of the thinning; bottom view of the polygonal or rounded polygonal. Seed coat inner epidermal cells brownish yellow, surface view rectangular or square-like, pendant peripheral wall thickened bead-like, lignified. Cotyledon epidermal cells contain fine calcium oxalate clusters and square crystals.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇30ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取酸枣仁皂苷A对照品、酸枣仁皂苷B对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含1mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以水饱和的正丁醇为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，立即检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) Take 1g of this product powder, add 30ml of methanol, heating reflux for 1 hour, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue with 0.5ml of methanol to dissolve, as a test solution. Another take sour jujube nut saponin A control, sour jujube nut saponin B control, add methanol to make each 1ml contains 1mg of mixed solution, as a control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above two solutions of 5μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, water-saturated n-butanol as the unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, sprayed with 1% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and immediately examined. In the chromatogram of the test article, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control article, the spot of the same colour is shown.

（3）取本品粉末1g，加石油醚（60～90℃）30ml，加热回流2小时，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥干，加甲醇30ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取酸枣仁对照药材1g，同法制成对照药材溶液。再取斯皮诺素对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述三种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以水饱和的正丁醇为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的蓝色荧光斑点。
(3) take 1g of this product powder, add petroleum ether (60 ~ 90 ℃) 30ml, heating reflux for 2 hours, filtration, discard petroleum ether solution, dregs dry, add methanol 30ml, heating reflux for 1 hour, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue with methanol 2ml to make dissolved, as a test solution. Take 1g of the control herb of Ziziphus jujuba seed, and make the solution of the control herb by the same method. Then take Spironolactone control, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per 1ml, as the control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (General rule 0502) test, absorb the above three solutions of 2μl, respectively, point in the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with water-saturated n-butanol as the unfolding agent, unfolding, remove, dry, sprayed with 1% vanillin sulfuric acid solution, and placed in the ultraviolet lamp (365nm) under the examination. In the chromatogram of the test article, the same blue fluorescent spots were found in the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control herb and the control article.

检查 Examination

杂质（核壳等） Impurities(nuclear shells, etc.)

不得过5%（通则2301）。
Not more than 5 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过9.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

重金属及有害元素 Heavy metals and harmful elements

照铅、镉、砷、汞、铜测定法（通则2321原子吸收分光光度法或电感耦合等离子体质谱法）测定，铅不得过5mg/kg；镉不得过1mg/kg；砷不得过2mg/kg；汞不得过0.2mg/kg；铜不得过20mg/kg。
Determine according to the method for determination of lead, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper <2321, atomic absorption spectrophotometry or inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry>. The lead content should not exceed 5mg/kg; the cadmium content should not exceed 1mg/kg; the arsenic content should not exceed 2mg/kg; the mercury content should not exceed 0.2mg/kg; the copper content should not exceed 20mg/kg.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxin

照真菌毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of mycotoxins <2351>.

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约5g，精密称定，加入氯化钠3g，照黄曲霉毒素测定法项下供试品的制备方法，测定，计算，即得。
Take about 5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 2 sieve), accurately weigh, add 3g of sodium chloride, prepare the test sample according to the method for preparation of the test sample under the determination of aflatoxins, determine, calculate, and obtain the result.

本品每1000g含黄曲霉毒素B1不得过5μg，含黄曲霉毒素G2、黄曲霉毒素G1、黄曲霉毒素B2和黄曲霉毒素B1的总量不得过10μg。
The content of aflatoxin B1 in this product should not exceed 5μg per 1000g, and the total content of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2, and aflatoxin B1 should not exceed 10μg per 1000g.

含量测定 Content determination

酸枣仁皂苷A Amygdalin

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of amygdalin by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B；按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按酸枣仁皂苷A峰计算应不低于2000。
Using octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; acetonitrile is used as mobile phase A, and water is used as mobile phase B; gradient elution is performed according to the specified conditions in the table; detection is performed by evaporative light scattering detector. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of amygdalin should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取酸枣仁皂苷A对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Taking an appropriate amount of amygdalin reference substance, accurately weighing, and adding methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流4小时，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥去溶剂，转移至锥形瓶中，加入70%乙醇20ml，加热回流2小时，滤过，滤渣用70%乙醇5ml洗涤，合并洗液与滤液，回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Prepare a solution of the test sample by taking about 1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weighing, placing it in a Soxhlet extractor, adding an appropriate amount of petroleum ether (60-90°C), refluxing for 4 hours, discarding the petroleum ether solution, evaporating the solvent from the residue, transferring it to a conical flask, adding 20ml of 70% ethanol, refluxing for 2 hours, filtering, washing the residue with 5ml of 70% ethanol, combining the washing solution with the filtrate, recovering the solvent to dryness, dissolving the residue in methanol, transferring it to a 5ml volumetric flask, adding methanol to the mark, shaking well, filtering, and taking the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液5μl、20μl，供试品溶液10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，用外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Determine by accurately aspirating 5μl and 20μl of the reference substance solution and 10μl of the test sample solution, injecting into the liquid chromatograph, determining, and calculating using the logarithmic equation of the external standard two-point method.

本品按干燥品计算，含酸枣仁皂苷A（C58H94O26）不得少于0.030%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of amygdalin (C58H94O26) should not be less than 0.030%.

斯皮诺素 Spinosin

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine according to the method for determination of spinosin by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为335nm。理论板数按斯皮诺素峰计算应不低于2000。
Using octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the stationary phase; acetonitrile is used as mobile phase A, and water is used as mobile phase B; gradient elution is performed according to the specified conditions in the table; the detection wavelength is 335nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of spinosin should not be less than 2000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取斯皮诺素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Taking an appropriate amount of spinosin reference substance, accurately weighing, and adding methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取〔含量测定〕酸枣仁皂苷A项下的供试品溶液，作为供试品溶液。
Prepare a solution of the test sample by taking the test sample solution under the content determination of amygdalin as the test sample solution.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Determine by accurately aspirating 10μl of the reference substance solution and the test sample solution, injecting into the liquid chromatograph, and determining.

本品按干燥品计算，含斯皮诺素（C28H32O15）不得少于0.080%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of spinosin (C28H32O15) should not be less than 0.080%.

饮片 Prepared slices

酸枣仁 Bitter Apricot Seed

炮制 Processing

除去残留核壳。用时捣碎。
Remove the residual shell before use and crush it.

性状 Appearance

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

甘、酸。
Sweet and sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胆、心经。
Liver, gallbladder, and heart meridians.

功能 Actions

养心补肝，宁心安神，敛汗，生津。
Nourish the heart and tonify the liver, calm the mind and tranquilize the spirit, astringe sweat and generate body fluids.

主治 Indications

用于虚烦不眠，惊悸多梦，体虚多汗，津伤口渴。
Used for restlessness and insomnia due to deficiency, palpitations and excessive dreaming, excessive sweating due to deficiency, and thirst due to injury to body fluids.

用量 Dosage

10～15g。
10-15g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.

酸枣仁

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为鼠李科植物酸枣Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa（Bunge）HuexH.F.Chou的干燥成熟种子。秋末冬初采收成熟果实，除去果肉和核壳，收集种子，晒干。
Spine Date Seed is the dried ripe seed of Ziziphus jujuba Mill. var. spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H. F. Chou (Fam. Rhamnaceae ). The ripe fruit is collected in later autumn and early winter. The seed is collected and removed from the pulp and shell (endocarp), and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆形或扁椭圆形，长5～9mm，宽5～7mm，厚约3mm。表面紫红色或紫褐色，平滑有光泽，有的有裂纹。有的两面均呈圆隆状突起；有的一面较平坦，中间有1条隆起的纵线纹；另一面稍突起。一端凹陷，可见线形种脐；另端有细小突起的合点。种皮较脆，胚乳白色，子叶2，浅黄色，富油性。气微，味淡。
Oblate or flattened ellipsoidal, 5-9 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, about 3 mm thick. Externally purplish-red or purplish-brown, smooth, lustrous, some fissured. some showing rounded protrudings in two surfaces; some even in one surface occasionally, with 1 raised longitudinal line in the centre; the other surface slightly raised. One end dented, showing a linear hilum; the other end having a finely raised chalaza. Testa fragile; endosperm white; cotyledons 2, pale yellow, oily. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕红色。种皮栅状细胞棕红色，表面观多角形，直径约15μm，壁厚，木化，胞腔小；侧面观呈长条形，外壁增厚，侧壁上、中部甚厚，下部渐薄；底面观类多角形或圆多角形。种皮内表皮细胞棕黄色，表面观长方形或类方形，垂周壁连珠状增厚，木化。子叶表皮细胞含细小草酸钙簇晶和方晶。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇30ml，加热回流1小时，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇0.5ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取酸枣仁皂苷A对照品、酸枣仁皂苷B对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml各含1mg的混合溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以水饱和的正丁醇为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，立即检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

（核壳等）不得过5%（通则2301）。
(shells et al) Not more than 5 per cent<2301>.

水分 Water

不得过9.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent<0832, method 2).

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent<2302>.

黄曲霉毒素 Aflatoxins

照黄曲霉毒素测定法（通则2351）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of aflatoxins<2351>.

取本品粉末（过二号筛）约5g，精密称定，加入氯化钠3g，照黄曲霉毒素测定法项下供试品的制备方法，测定，计算，即得。
Weigh accurately 5 g of the powder(through No. 2 sieve), add sodium chloride 3 g, test and calculate the content. It contains not more than 5 μg/kg of aflatoxin B1 and not more than 10 μg/kg of the total amount of aflatoxin G2, aflatoxin G1, aflatoxin B2 and aflatoxin B1.

含量测定 Assay

酸枣仁皂苷A 照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Jujuboside A Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B；按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；蒸发光散射检测器检测。理论板数按酸枣仁皂苷A峰计算应不低于2000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as the mobile phase B, elute in gradient as the following:

对照品溶液的制备 取酸枣仁皂苷A对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Weigh accarately a quantity of jujuboside A CRS, add methanol to produce a solution of 0.1 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置索氏提取器中，加石油醚（60～90℃）适量，加热回流4小时，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥去溶剂，转移至锥形瓶中，加入70%乙醇20ml，加热回流2小时，滤过，滤渣用70%乙醇5ml洗涤，合并洗液与滤液，回收溶剂至干，残渣加甲醇溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 1 g of the powder (through No. 4 sieve) to a Soxhlet’s extractor, add accurately a quantity of petroleum ether (60-90℃), heat under reflux on a water bath for 4 hours, discard the petroleum solution, expel the solvent from the residue. Transfer it to a round- bottom flask, add 20 ml of 70% ethanol, heat on a water bath for 2 hours, filter, and wash the residue with 5 ml of 70% ethanol. Combine the washings and the filtrate, evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in metranol, transfer to a 5 ml volumetric flask, dilute with metranol to volume and mix well, filter, and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液5μl、20μl，供试品溶液10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，用外标两点法对数方程计算，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 5 μl、20 μl of the reference solution and 10 μl of the test solution, respectively, into the column. Calculate the content with corrected logarithmic equation of external standard method of two points.

本品每1000g含酸枣仁皂苷A（C58H94O26）不得少于0.030%。
It contains not less than 0.030 per cent of jujuboside A (C58H94O26), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

斯皮诺素 照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Spinosin Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈为流动相A，以水为流动相B，按下表中的规定进行梯度洗脱；检测波长为335nm。理论板数按斯皮诺素峰计算应不低于2000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase, acetonitrile as mobile phase A and water as the mobile phase B, elute in gradient as the following:

对照品溶液的制备 取斯皮诺素对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.2mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Weigh accurately a quantity of spinosin CRS, add methanol to produce a solution of 0.2 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 取酸枣仁皂苷A〔含量测定〕项下的续滤液，作为供试品溶液。
Test solution Use the successive filtrate under Assay of jujuboside A as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含斯皮诺素（C28H32O15）不得少于0.080%。
It contains not less than 0.080 per cent of spinosin (C28H32O15), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

炮制 Processing

酸枣仁 除去残留核壳。用时捣碎。
Ziziphi Spinosae Semen Remove the remained shells. Break to pieces before use.

性状 Description

【性状】【鉴别】【检查】（水分总灰分）【含量测定】同药材。
Similar to Ziziphi Spinosae Semen in shape. Externally slightly inflated, slightly with charred spots. Odour, slightly charred aromatic; taste; weak.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材，不得过7.0%。
Not more than 7.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材，不得过4.0%。
Not more than 4.0 per cent, following the method for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 Assay

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、酸，平。归肝、胆、心经。
Neutral; sweet and sour. Liver, gallbladder, and heart meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

养心补肝，宁心安神，敛汗，生津。用于虚烦不眠，惊悸多梦，体虚多汗，津伤口渴。
To nourish the heart, tonify the liver, calm the heart, tranquilize the mind, relieve sweating, and engender fluid. Used for deficiency vexation, insomnia, fright palpitations, dream-disturbed sleep, weak constitution, profuse sweating, and thirst caused by fluid consumption.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

10～15g。
10-15 g.

贮藏 Storage

置阴凉干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a cool and dry place, and protect from moth.