三颗针

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为小檗科植物拟獴猪刺Berberis soulieana Schneid.、小黄连刺 Berberis wilsonae Hems1.、细叶小檗 Berberis poiretii Schneid.或匙叶小檗 Berberis vernae Schneid.等同属数种植物的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，除去泥沙和须根，晒干或切片晒干。
Barberry Root is the dried root of Berberis soulieana Schneid., Berberis wilsonae Hems1., Berberis poiretii Schneid., or Berberis vernae Schneid. (Fam. Berberidaceae). The drug is collected in spring and autumn, removed from sand and rootlets, and dried in the sun or sliced and dried.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆柱形，稍扭曲，有少数分枝，长10～15cm，直径1～3cm。根头粗大，向下渐细。外皮灰棕色，有细皱纹，易剥落。质坚硬，不易折断，切面不平坦，鲜黄色，切片近圆形或长圆形，稍显放射状纹理，髓部棕黄色。气微，味苦。
Roots cylindrical, slightly twisted, with a few branches, 10-15 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter; root head thick, gradually tapering downward. Outer surface greyish-brown, with fine wrinkles, easily peeled off. Texture hard, not easily broken; cross-section uneven, fresh yellow; slices nearly circular or elongated, showing a slightly radiate texture; medullary part brownish-yellow. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄棕色。韧皮纤维单个散在或数个成束，直径12～30μm，淡黄色至黄色，长梭形，末端钝圆、渐尖或平截，边缘有时呈微波状弯曲，孔沟明显。石细胞黄棕色，不规则形或类长圆形，直径20～55μm，纹孔及孔沟明显。草酸钙方晶类方形或长方形，直径8～25μm，散在或存在于韧皮射线细胞中。木栓细胞表面观类长方形或多角形。可见淡黄色棕色团块。
(1) The powder is yellowish-brown. The bast fibers are scattered or in bundles, with a diameter of 12-30μm, pale yellow to yellow, elongated, bluntly rounded, gradually pointed or truncate at the apex, and sometimes the edges are slightly wavy; the pits are obvious. The stone cells are yellowish-brown, irregular or oblong, with a diameter of 20-55μm, and the pits and grooves are obvious. Calcium oxalate crystals are square or rectangular, with a diameter of 8-25μm, scattered or present in the bast ray cells. The cork cells have a surface view of rectangular or polygonal shape. Light yellow-brown masses can be seen.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取盐酸小檗碱对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-醋酸-水（2∶0.5∶1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take 1g of the powder, add 20ml of methanol, and sonicate for 20 minutes. Filter and take the filtrate as the test solution. Take berberine hydrochloride CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.5mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (2:0.5:1) as the upper layer solution. Apply separately to the plate 2 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using diluted ethanol as the solvent,not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液（24∶76）为流动相；检测波长为265nm。理论板数按盐酸小檗碱峰计算应不低于4000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.02mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (24:76) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 265nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of berberine hydrochloride should not be less than 4000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取盐酸小檗碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含20μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of berberine hydrochloride reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 20μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of methanol, seal tightly, weigh, subject to ultrasonic treatment (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up for the lost weight with methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含盐酸小檗碱（C20H17NO4·HC1）不得少于0.60%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of berberine hydrochloride (C20H17NO4·HC1) should not be less than 0.60%.

饮片 Prepared slices

三颗针 Barberry Root

炮制 Processing

除去杂质；未切片者，喷淋清水，润透，切片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter; for uncut slices, spray with Water, soften thoroughly, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Morphological characteristics

本品呈不规则的片。表面灰棕色至棕褐色，有细纵皱纹，栓皮易脱落。质坚硬，切面不平坦，鲜黄色，稍显放射状纹理。气微，味苦。
The product is in irregular sheets. The surface is grey-brown to brown, with fine longitudinal wrinkles, and the corky skin is easily detached. The texture is hard, the cut surface is not flat, bright yellow, slightly radial texture. Slight gas, bitter taste.

鉴别 Identification

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃、大肠经。
Liver, stomach, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

清热燥湿，泻火解毒。
To clear heat and dry dampness, purge fire and detoxify.

主治 Indications

用于湿热泻痢，黄疸，湿疹，咽痛目赤，聤耳流脓，痈肿疮毒。
Used for damp-heat diarrhea, jaundice, eczema, sore throat, red eyes, otorrhea, carbuncle and swelling, and sores and toxins.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

三颗针

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为小檗科植物拟豪猪刺Berberis soulieana Schneid.、小黄连刺Berberis wilsonae Hemsl.、细叶小檗Berberis poiretii Schneid.或匙叶小檗Berberis vernae Schneid.等同属数种植物的干燥根。春、秋二季采挖，除去泥沙和须根，晒干或切片晒干。
Barberry Radix is the dried root of Berberis soulieana Schneid., Berberis wilsonae Hemsl., Berberis poiretii Schneid., Berberis vernae Schneid. and similar species (Fam. Berberi-daceae). The drug is collected in autumn or spring, removed from soil and fibrous root, dried in the sun, or cut into slices and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆柱形，稍扭曲，有少数分枝，长10～15cm，直径1～3cm。根头粗大，向下渐细。外皮灰棕色，有细皱纹，昜剥落。质坚硬，不易折断，切面不平坦，鲜黄色，切片近圆形或长圆形，稍显放射状纹理，髓部棕黄色。气微，味苦。
Subcylindrical, slightly tortuose, with a few of branches, 10-15 cm long, 1-3 cm in diameter. Root stock stout, gradually thinning downwards. Externally greyish-brown, fine wrinkled, the outer bark easily fallen off. Texture hard, uneasily broken, cut surface uneven, fresh yellow, cut slices rounded or oblong, slightly with radiate striations, pith brownish-yellow, odour, slight; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末黄棕色。韧皮纤维单个散在或数个成束，直径12～30μm，淡黄色至黄色，长梭形，末端钝圆、渐尖或平截，边缘有时呈微波状弯曲，孔沟明显。石细胞黄棕色，不规则形或类长圆形，直径20～55μm，纹孔及孔沟明显。草酸钙方晶类方形或长方形，直径8～25μm，散在或存在于韧皮射线细胞中。木栓细胞表面观类长方形或多角形。可见淡黄色棕色团块。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加甲醇20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，取滤液作为供试品溶液。另取盐酸小檗碱对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正丁醇-醋酸-水（2：0.5：1）的上层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过3.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 3.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as the solvent, not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic system and system suitability

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.02mol/L磷酸二氢钾溶液（24：76）为流动相；检测波长为265nm。理论板数按盐酸小檗碱峰计算应不低于4000。
Use octa-decylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.02 mol/L solution of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (24 : 76) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 265 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 4000, calculated with reference to the peak of berberine hydrochloride.

对照品溶液的制备 Reference solution

取盐酸小檗碱对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含20μg的溶液，即得。
Dissolve a quantity of berberine hydrochloride CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to prepare a solution containing 20 μg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Weigh accurately 0.1 g of the powder (through No. 4 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50 ml of methanol and weigh. Ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 1 hour, cool and weigh again, replenish the loss of weight with methanol, mix well, filter and use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 Procedure

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含盐酸小檗碱（C20H17NO4·HCl）不得少于0.60%。
It contains not less than 0.60 per cent of berberine hydrochloride (C20H17NO4•HC1), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

三颗针 Barberry

炮制 Processing

除去杂质；未切片者，喷淋清水，润透，切片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter; for the unsliled, spray with Water and soften thoroughly, cut into slices and dry.

性 Property

苦，寒；有毒。
Cold; bitter; toxic.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、胃、大肠经。
Liver, stomach and large intestinal meridians.

功能 Actions

清热燥湿，泻火解毒。
To clear heat, dry dampness, purge fire and remove toxin.

主治 Indications

用于湿热泻痢，黄疸，湿疹，咽痛目赤，聤耳流脓，痈肿疮毒。
Dampness-heat dysentery, jaundice, eczema, sore throat, red eyes, otitis media with purulent discharge from the ear, swelling abscess, and skin infections.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
N/A.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.