一枝黄花

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物一枝黄花Solidago decurrens Lour.的干燥全草。秋季花果期采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Solidago Herb is the dried whole herb of Solidago decurrens Lour. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected at flowering and fruiting in autumn, removed from soil and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品长30～100cm。根茎短粗，簇生淡黄色细根。茎圆柱形，直径0.2～0.5cm；表面黄绿色、灰棕色或暗紫红色，有棱线，上部被毛；质脆，易折断，断面纤维性，有髓。单叶互生，多皱缩、破碎，完整叶片展平后呈卵形或披针形，长 1～9cm，宽0.3～1. 5cm；先端稍尖或钝，全缘或有不规则的疏锯齿，基部下延成柄。头状花序直径约0. 7cm，排成总状，偶有黄色舌状花残留，多皱缩扭曲，苞片3层，卵状披针形。 瘦果细小，冠毛黄白色。气微香，味微苦辛。
Stems 30-100cm tall. Rhizome short and stout, with clustered pale yellow fibrous roots. Stem cylindrical, 0.2-0.5cm in diameter, yellowish-green, gray-brown or dark purple-red, with ridges, upper part hairy; texture brittle, easily broken, fracture fibrous, with pith. Leaves alternate, often wrinkled and broken, when whole, ovate or lanceolate, 1-9cm long, 0.3-1.5cm wide; apex slightly acute or obtuse, entire or irregularly sparsely serrate; base decurrent into a petiole. Capitula about 0.7cm in diameter, arranged in a corymb, occasionally with yellow ligulate florets remaining, often wrinkled and twisted; involucre 3-layered, ovate-lanceolate. Achenes small, with yellowish-white pappus. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）叶表面观：上表皮细胞多角形，垂周壁略呈念珠状增厚。下表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲，气孔不定式，略下陷。非腺毛有两类：表皮非腺毛由3个细胞组成，壁薄，顶端 1个细胞常萎缩成鼠尾状，较小；叶缘非腺毛睫毛状由3～7个细胞组成，壁稍厚，长180～500μm。
(1) Epidermal cells of the upper surface polygonal, with slightly thickened periclinal walls resembling bead-like thickenings. Epidermal cells of the lower surface with periclinal walls wavy and curved, stomata anisocytic, slightly sunken. Non-glandular hairs consist of two types: non-glandular hairs of the epidermis consisting of 3 cells, thin-walled, with the apex of 1 cell often withered into a rat-tail shape, smaller; non-glandular hairs of the leaf margin ciliate, consisting of 3-7 cells, slightly thick-walled, 180-500μm long.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加石油醚（60～90℃）50ml，超声处理 30分钟，放冷，滤过，弃去石油醚液，药渣挥干溶剂，加70%乙醇30ml，加热回流1小时，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇 1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取一枝黄花对照药材2g，同 法制成对照药材溶液。再取芦丁对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.5mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则 0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液5～10μl、对照药材溶液和对照品溶液各5μl，分别点于同一以含4%磷酸氢二钠溶液制备的硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-甲酸-水（8∶1∶1∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以3%三氯化铝乙醇溶液，晾干，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点；再喷以5%三氯化铁乙醇溶液，供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
(2) To 2g of the powder add 50ml of petroleum ether (60-90°C), treat with ultrasound for 30 minutes, cool, filter, discard the petroleum ether, dry the residue, dissolve in 30ml of 70% ethanol, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1ml of methanol as the test solution. Take 2g of Solidago Herb as the reference material, and prepare the reference material solution by the same method. Take rutin CRS as the reference substance, and prepare a solution containing 0.5mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-formic acid-water (8:1:1:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5-10μl of the test solution, the reference material solution, and the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 3% solution of aluminum chloride in ethanol, dry, examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference material solution and the reference solution. Spray with a 5% solution of ferric chloride in ethanol, the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference material solution and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于17.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 17.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-甲醇-0.4%醋酸溶液（16∶8∶76）为流动相；检测波长为360nm。理论板数按芦丁峰计算应不低于2500。
Using octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; using acetonitrile-methanol-0.4% acetic acid solution (16:8:76) as the mobile phase; detecting wavelength at 360nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of rutin should not be less than 2500.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取芦丁对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of rutin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1mg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%乙醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流40分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 2g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of 70% ethanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 40 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 70% ethanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution respectively, inject into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含无水芦丁（C27H30O16）不得少于0.10%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of anhydrous rutin (C27H30O16) should not be less than 0.10%.

饮片 Prepared slices

一枝黄花 Solidago Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,spray with Water , cut into sections, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的段。根茎短粗，簇生淡黄色细根。茎圆柱形，直径0.2～0.5cm；表面黄绿色、灰棕色或暗紫红色，有棱线，上部被毛；质脆，易折断，断面纤维性，有髓。叶 多皱缩、破碎；先端稍尖或钝，全缘或有不规则的疏锯齿，基部下延成柄。偶有黄色舌状花残留，多皱缩扭曲，卵状披针形， 瘦果细小。气微香，味微苦辛。
This product has irregular segments. The rhizome is short and thick, with thin pale yellow roots in clusters. The stem is cylindrical, 0.2~0.5cm in diameter, yellow-green, gray-brown or dark purple-red on the surface, ridged, and hairy on the upper part; Brittle, easy to break, fibrous in section, and pithed. Leaves are shrunken and broken; The apex is slightly pointed or obtuse, the whole margin or irregularly sparsely serrate, and the base is extended to a stalk. Occasionally, yellow tongue-like flowers remain, mostly shrunken and twisted, ovate-lanceolate, and achenes are small. The smell is slightly fragrant, and the taste is slightly bitter.

性 Property

凉。
Cold.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，疏散风热。
To clear heat and detoxify, disperse wind-heat.

主治 Indications

用于喉痹，乳蛾，咽喉肿痛，疮疖肿毒，风热感冒。
Used for sore throat, mastitis, throat swelling and pain, carbuncle and swelling, wind-heat common cold.

用量 Dosage

9~15g。
9-15g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

一枝黄花

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为菊科植物一枝黄花Solidago decurrens Lour.的干燥全草。秋季花果期采挖，除去泥沙，晒干。
Common Goldenrod Herb is the dried herb of Solidago decurrens Lour. (Fam. Compositae). The drug is collected at flowering and fruiting in autumn, removed from soil, and dried in sun.

性状 Description

本品长30～100cm。根茎短粗，簇生淡黄色细根。茎圆柱形，直径0.2～0.5cm；表面黄绿色、灰棕色或暗紫红色，有棱线，上部被毛；质脆，易折断，断面纤维性，有髄。单叶互生，多皱缩、破碎，完整叶片展平后呈卵形或披针形，长1～9cm，宽0.3～1.5cm；先端稍尖或钝，全缘或有不规则的疏锯齿，基部下延成柄。头状花序直径约0.7cm，排成总状，偶有黄色舌状花残留，多皱缩扭曲，苞片3层，卵状披针形。瘦果细小，冠毛黄白色。气微香，味微苦辛。
30-100 cm long. Rhizome short and thick, with fasciculate fine roots, pale yellow Stem cylindrical, 2-5 mm in diameter; externally yellowish-green, greyish-brown or dark purplish-red, with ridge lines, pubescent on the upper part; texture fragile, easily broken, fracture fibrous, pith visible. Leaves simple, alternate, frequently crumpled and broken, when whole, ovate or lanceolate, 1-9 cm long, 0.3-1.5 cm wide; apex somewhat acute or obtuse, margin entire or irregularly serrate, base downwards to petiole-shape. Capitula about 7 mm in diameter, arranged into raceme, occasionally remained with yellow ligulate florets, frequently crumpled and twisted, involucre 3 layers, ovate-lanceolate. Achenes petty, with yellowish-white aigrets. Odour, slightly aromatic; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）叶表面观：上表皮细胞多角形，垂周壁略呈念珠状增厚。下表皮细胞垂周壁波状弯曲，气孔不定式，略下陷。非腺毛有两类：表皮非腺毛由3个细胞组成，壁薄，顶端1个细胞常萎缩成鼠尾状，较小；叶缘非腺毛睫毛状由3～7个细胞组成，壁稍厚，长180～500μm。
(1) Surface view of leaf: The cells of upper epidermis polygonal, anticlinal walls slightly beaded. The cells of lower epidermis sinuous on anticlinal walls, stomata anomocytic, slightly sunken, non-glandular hairs two types: Non-glandular hairs on the epidermis 3-celled, walls thin, the top cell frequently atrophic rattailedly, relatively small; non-glandular hairs on the leaf edge ciliiform, 3-7 leaf celled, walls slightly thickened, 180-500 μm long.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过13.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 13.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过4.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 4.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于17.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 17.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-甲醇-0.4%醋酸溶液（16：8：76）为流动相；检测波长为360nm。理论板数按芦丁峰计算应不低于2500。
Chromatography system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol and 0.4% acetic acid solution (16 : 8 : 76) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 360 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 2500, calculated with the reference to the peak of rutin.

对照品溶液的制备取芦丁对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of rutin CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to produce a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml.

供试品溶液的制备取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%乙醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流40分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%乙醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 2 g of the powder (through No. 3 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 50 ml of 70% ethanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 40 minutes, cool, weigh again and compensate the loss of the weight with 70% ethanol, mix well and filter, use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含无水芦丁（C27H30O16）不得少于0.10%。
It contains not less than 0.10 per cent of anhydrous rutin (C27H30O16), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

一枝黄花 Common Goldenrod

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，喷淋清水，切段，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter,spray with Water , cut into sections, and dry.

性 Property

凉。
Cool.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肺、肝经。
Lung and liver meridians.

功能 Actions

清热解毒，疏散风热。
To clear heat, remove toxin, and disperse wind-heat.

主治 Indications

用于喉痹，乳蛾，咽喉肿痛，疮疖肿毒，风热感冒。
Throat bi disorder, tonsillitis, sore and swollen throat, sores and boils, and common cold caused by wind-heat.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.