莪术

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为姜科植物蓬莪术Curcuma phaeocaulis VaL.、广西莪术Curcuma kuuangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang或温郁金Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling的干燥根茎。后者习称“温莪术”。冬季茎叶枯萎后采挖，洗净，蒸或煮至透心，晒干或低温干燥后除去须根和杂质。
Curcuma Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis VaL., Curcuma kuuangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang, or Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug is collected in winter after the stems and leaves wither, washed, steamed or boiled until thoroughly cooked, dried in the sun or at a low temperature, and then the fibrous roots and impurities are removed.

性状 Description

蓬莪术

本品呈卵圆形、长卵形、圆锥形或长纺锤形，顶端多钝尖，基部钝圆，长2～8cm，直径1.5～4cm。表面灰黄色至灰棕色，上部环节突起，有圆形微凹的须根痕或残留的须根，有的两侧各有1列下陷的芽痕和类圆形的侧生根茎痕，有的可见刀削痕。体重，质坚实，断面灰褐色至蓝褐色，蜡样，常附有灰棕色粉末，皮层与中柱易分离，内皮层环纹棕褐色。气微香，味微苦而辛。
Rhizomes oblong-ovate, oblong, conical or long fusiform, apex obtuse or acute, base rounded, 2-8 cm long, 1.5-4 cm in diameter. Surface greyish-yellow to greyish-brown, upper part with prominent nodes, with circular slightly concave root scars or remnants of rootlets, some with 1 row of depressed bud scars on each side and lateral rhizome scars resembling circular. Some may have knife-cut marks. Heavy, texture solid, fracture greyish-brown to bluish-brown, waxy, often with greyish-brown powder, cortex easily separated from central cylinder, endodermis ringed, brownish. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

广西莪术

环节稍突起，断面黄棕色至棕色，常附有淡黄色粉末，内皮层环纹黄白色。
Nodes slightly prominent, fracture yellowish-brown to brown, often with pale yellow powder, endodermis ringed, yellowish-white.

温莪术

断面黄棕色至棕褐色，常附有淡黄色至黄棕色粉末。气香或微香。
Fracture yellowish-brown to brownish-brown, often with pale yellow to yellowish-brown powder. Odour fragrant or slightly fragrant.

鉴别 Identification

(1) 本品横切面木栓细胞数列，有时已除去。皮层散有叶迹维管束；内皮层明显。中柱较宽，维管束外韧型，散在，沿中柱鞘部位的维管束较小，排列较密。薄壁细胞充满糊化的淀粉粒团块，薄壁组织中有含金黄色油状物的细胞散在。
（1） Transverse section: Cork cells in rows, sometimes removed. Cortex with scattered leaf trace vascular bundles; endodermis distinct. Central cylinder wider, vascular bundles exarch, scattered, smaller vascular bundles along the sheath of the central cylinder, arranged more closely. Thin-walled cells filled with masses of gelatinized starch grains, cells containing golden-yellow oily substances scattered in the parenchyma.

粉末黄色或棕黄色。油细胞多破碎，完整者直径62～110μm内含黄色油状分泌物。导管多为螺纹导管、梯纹导管，直径20～65μm。纤维孔沟明显，直径15～35μm。淀粉粒大多糊化。
Powder yellow or brownish-yellow. Oil cells mostly broken, intact ones containing yellow oily secretions with a diameter of 62-110μm. Vessels mostly spiral or ladder-like, with a diameter of 20-65μm. Fibrous pits and canals distinct, with a diameter of 15-35μm. Most starch grains gelatinized.

(2) 取本品粉末0.5g，置具塞离心管中，加石油醚（30～60℃）10ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取吉马酮对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.4mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60°C）-丙酮-乙酸乙酯（94∶5∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105°C加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。
（2）To 0.5g of the powder add 10ml of petroleum ether (30-60°C) in a stoppered centrifuge tube, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take gambogic acid CRS, dissolve in anhydrous ethanol to produce a solution containing 0.4mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of petroleum ether (30-60°C), acetone, and ethyl acetate (94:5:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 1% solution of vanillin in sulfuric acid at 105°C to the spots clear. The spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

吸光度 Absorbance

取本品中粉30mg，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加三氯甲烷10ml，超声处理40分钟或浸泡24小时，滤过，滤液转移至10ml量瓶中，加三氯甲烷至刻度，摇匀，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）测定，在242nm波长处有最大吸收，吸光度不得低于0.45。
Take 30mg of the powder, accurately weighed, place in a stoppered conical flask, add 10ml of chloroform, treat with ultrasound for 40 minutes or soak for 24 hours, filter, transfer the filtrate to a 10ml volumetric flask, dilute with chloroform to the mark, shake well, and determine the absorbance at 242nm by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry<0401>. The absorbance should not be less than 0.45.

水分 ｜ Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸岀物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201>, the hot maceration method, using diluted ethanol as the solvent, not less than 7.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。本品含挥发油不得少于1.5%（ml/g）。

Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>. The content of volatile oil in this product should not be less than 1.5% (ml/g).

饮片 Prepared slices

莪术 Curcuma Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略泡，洗净，蒸软，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, soak briefly, wash clean, steam until soft, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品呈类圆形或椭圆形的厚片。外表皮灰黄色或灰棕色，有时可见环节或须根痕。切面黄绿色、黄棕色或棕褐色，内皮层环纹明显，散在“筋脉"小点。气微香，味微苦而辛。
Slices are oblong or elliptical in shape. The outer surface is greyish-yellow or greyish-brown, sometimes with nodes or root scars. The cut surface is yellowish-green, yellowish-brown, or brownish-brown, with distinct ringed endodermis and scattered "veins" small dots. Odour, slightly fragrant; taste, slightly bitter and pungent.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>.

鉴别 ｜ Identification

（除横切面外）同药材。
As required for the crude drug except for the transverse section.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
As required for the crude drug. The content of volatile oil in this product should not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).

鉴别 ｜Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

醋莪术 Curcumae Rhizoma (processed with vinegar)

炮制 Processing

取净莪术，照醋煮法（通则0213）煮至透心，取出，稍凉，切厚片，干燥。
Take clean Curcuma Rhizome, cook according to the vinegar boiling method<0213> until thoroughly cooked, remove, cool slightly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

性状 Description

本品形如莪术片，色泽加深，角质样，微有醋香气。
The product is similar to Curcuma Rhizome slices, with a deepened color, horny appearance, and a slight vinegar aroma.

含量测定 ｜ Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
The content of volatile oil in this product should not be less than 1.0% (ml/g).

鉴别 ｜Identification

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

检查 Examination

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
As required for the crude drug.

性 ｜ Property

温。
Warm.

味 ｜ Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent, bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and Spleen.

功能 ｜ Actions

行气破血，消积止痛。
Promotes Qi circulation, breaks up blood stasis, resolves accumulations, and relieves pain.

主治 Indications

用于癥瘕痞块，瘀血经闭，胸痹心痛，食积胀痛。
Used for abdominal masses, stagnation of blood in the meridians, chest pain, and abdominal distension and pain.

用量 Dosage

6～9g。
6-9g.

用法 ｜ Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

孕妇禁用。
Not to be used during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protected from moth.

莪术

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为姜科植物蓬莪术 Curcuma phaeocaulis Val.、广西莪术 Curcuma kwangsiensis S.G.Lee et C.F.Liang 或温郁金 Curcuma wenyujin Y.H.Chen et C.Ling 的干燥根茎。后者习称“温莪术”。冬季茎叶枯萎后采挖，洗净，蒸或煮至透心，晒干或低温干燥后除去须根和杂质。
Zedoray Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis Valeton, Curcuma kwangsiensis S. G. Lee et C. F. Liang or Curcuma wenyujin Y. H. Chen et C. Ling (Fam. Zingiberaceae). The drug derived from the last species is commonly known as “Wen Ezhu”. The drug is collected in winter when stem and leaves withered, washed clean, steamed or boiled thoroughly, dried in the sun or dried at a lower temperature, removed from fibrous roots and foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品呈卵圆形、长卵形、圆锥形或长纺锤形，顶端多钝尖，基部钝圆，长2～8cm，直径1.5～4cm。表面灰黄色至灰棕色，上部环节突起，有圆形微凹的须根痕或残留的须根，有的两侧各有1列下陷的芽痕和类圆形的侧生根茎痕，有的可见刀削痕。体重，质坚实，断面灰褐色至蓝褐色，蜡样，常附有灰棕色粉末，皮层与中柱易分离，内皮层环纹棕褐色。气微香，味微苦而辛。
Rhizome of Curcuma phaeocaulis Ovoid, elongate ovoid, conical or elongate fusiform, apex frequently obtuse, base obtuse and rounded, 2-8 cm long, 1.5-4 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-yellow to greyish-brown, the upper part conspicuously raised-annulated and with rounded and slightly dented rootlet scars, or remaining rootlets, some exhibiting a row of concave bud scars and subrounded lateral rhizome scars on each of two sides, and some showing knife cut traces. Texture heavy and hard, fracture greyish brown to bluish-brown, waxy, usually attached with greyish-brown powder, bark and stele easily detachable, endodermal ring deep brown. Odour, slight aromatic; taste, slight bitter and pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：木栓细胞数列，有时已除去皮层散有叶迹维管束；内皮层明显。中柱较宽，维管束外韧型，散在，沿中柱鞘部位的维管束较小，排列较密。薄壁细胞充满糊化的淀粉粒团块，薄壁组织中有含金黄色油状物的细胞散在。粉末黄色或棕黄色。油细胞多破碎，完整者直径62～110μm，内含黄色油状分泌物。导管多为螺纹导管、梯纹导管，直径20～65μm。纤维孔沟明显，直径15～35μm。淀粉粒大多糊化。
（2）取本品粉末0.5g，置具塞离心管中，加石油醚（30～60℃）10ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取吉马酮对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含0.4mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以石油醚（30～60℃）-丙酮-乙酸乙酯（94：5：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以1%香草醛硫酸溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

吸光度 Absorbance

取本品中粉30mg，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，加三氯甲烷10ml，超声处理40分钟或浸泡24小时，滤过，滤液转移至10ml量瓶中，加三氯甲烷至刻度，摇匀，照紫外-可见分光光度法（通则0401）测定，在242nm波长处有最大吸收，吸光度不得低于0.45。
Weigh accurately 30 mg of the medium powder, add 10 ml of chloroform, ultrasonicate for 40 minutes or macerate for 24 hours. filter. Transfer the filtrate into a 10 ml volumetric flask, add chloroform to volume, and mix well. Carry out the method for ultraviolet spectropbotometry and colourimetry <0401>, the resulting solution exhibits a maximum at 242 nm and the absorbance is not less than 0.45.

水分 Water

不得过14.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 14.0 per cent <0832, method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过7.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 7.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用稀乙醇作溶剂，不得少于7.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using dilute ethanol as solvent, not less than 7.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
本品含挥发油不得少于1.5%（ml/g）。

饮片 Prepared slices

莪术 Curcumae Rhizoma

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略泡，洗净，蒸软，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, soak slightly, wash clean, steam to be soft, cut into thick slices, and dry.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外） 【检查】 【浸出物】 同药材。
(Except for the transverse section) As required for the crude drug.

醋莪术 Curcumae Rhizoma (processed with vinegar)

取净莪术，照醋煮法（通则0213）煮至透心，取出，稍凉，切厚片，干燥。本品形如莪术片，色泽加深，角质样，微有醋香气。
Boil the Curcumae Rhizoma as described under the method for boiling with vinegar <0213> until vinegar is absorbed entirely, cool slightly, cut into thick slices, and dry. The shape similar to the slices, but deeper in colour, horny, slightly with vinegar odour.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含挥发油不得少于1.0%（ml/g）。
As required for the crude drug.

鉴别 Identification

（除横切面外） 【检查】 【浸出物】 同药材。
(Except for the transverse section) As required for the crude drug.

性 Property

辛、苦，温。
Warm; pungent, bitter.

味 Flavor

温。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、脾经。
Liver and spleen meridians.

功能 Actions

行气破血，消积止痛。
To move qi, break blood, eliminate accumulation and relieve pain.

主治 Indications

用于癥瘕痞块，瘀血经闭，胸痹心痛，食积胀痛。
Abdominal masses, glomus, blood-stasis amenorrhea, chest bi disorder and heart pain, food retention with distending pain.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～9g。
6-9 g.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇禁用。
Contraindicated during pregnancy.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.