白苏，中药名。为唇形科紫苏属植物白苏Perilla frutescens（L.）Britt，以叶、嫩枝、主茎（苏梗）和果实入药。具有散寒解表，行气化痰，安胎，解鱼蟹毒的功效。主治风寒表证，咳嗽痰多，胸脘胀满，恶心呕吐，腹痛吐泻，胎气不和，妊娠恶阻，食鱼蟹中毒。
Bai-su, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Bai-su refers to the plant Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt of the Lamiaceae family, and its leaves, tender stems, main stem (sugeng), and fruits are used as medicine. It has the functions of dispersing cold and releasing the exterior, promoting qi circulation and resolving phlegm, calming the fetus, and detoxifying fish and crab toxins. It is mainly used for exterior wind-cold patterns, cough with excessive phlegm, fullness and distention in the chest and epigastrium, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, disharmony in pregnancy, morning sickness, and fish and crab poisoning.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

散寒解表，行气化痰，安胎，解鱼蟹毒。
Dispersing cold and releasing the exterior, promoting the circulation of Qi and resolving phlegm, stabilizing the fetus, and detoxifying fish and crab toxins.

主治 Indications

风寒表证，咳嗽痰多，胸脘胀满，恶心呕吐，腹痛吐泻，胎气不和，妊娠恶阻，食鱼蟹中毒。
Wind-cold exterior syndrome, cough with abundant phlegm, fullness and distention in the chest and epigastrium, nausea and vomiting, abdominal pain and diarrhea, disharmony of fetal qi, pregnancy-induced nausea and vomiting, and poisoning from eating fish or crab.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

1、内服：煎汤，5-10g。2、外用：捣敷、研末掺或煎汤洗。

1. Internal administration: Decoction, 5-10g. 2. External application: Mashed for poultice, mixed with powder or decocted for washing.

化学成分 Chemical Components

叶含挥发油，主要为白苏酮。果实含脂肪油，主要为亚麻油酸酯。
The leaves contain volatile oil, mainly composed of perillaketone. The fruits contain fatty oil, mainly composed of linoleic acid esters.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《别录》：“主调中，去臭气。”

1. Mingyi Bielu: "Regulates the middle jiao and removes foul odors."

2、《本草拾遗》：“捣敷虫咬。”
2. Bencao Shiyi: "Pound and apply to insect bites."

3、《日华子本草》：“调气，润心肺，长肌肤，益颜色，消宿食，止上气咳嗽，去狐臭，敷蛇咬。”
3. Rihua Zibencao: "Regulates qi, moistens the heart and lungs, promotes muscle growth, enhances complexion, aids digestion, stops cough due to breathlessness, eliminates body odor, and applies to snake bites."

4、《滇南本草》：“治伤寒发热、无汗、头疼，一切风寒痰涌而结，霍乱转筋，咳嗽吐痰，小儿风症。定痛，止喘。”
4. Dian Nan Ben Cao: "Treats fever from cold damage, lack of sweating, headache, all conditions of wind-cold phlegm accumulation, cholera with muscle cramps, cough with sputum, and pediatric wind disorders. Alleviates pain and stops wheezing."

5、《生草药性备要》：“下气，除风湿。”
5. Sheng Cao Yao Xing Bei Yao: "Moves downward qi and removes wind-dampness."

6、《福建民间草药》：“消冷气，止冷痢，祛风解热，驱虫解毒。”
6. Fujian Minjian Caoyao: "Dispels cold qi, stops cold dysentery, expels wind and clears heat, drives out parasites and detoxifies."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季采叶或嫩枝，7-8月间果实成熟时割取全草或果穗，打落果实，除去杂质，晒干即为白苏子。主茎（苏梗）切片晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Leaves or tender branches are collected in summer. When fruits ripen in July-August, the whole plant or fruit spikes are cut, fruits are threshed, impurities removed, and dried in the sun to obtain white perilla seeds. The main stem (perilla stem) is sliced and dried.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：唇形科紫苏属植物白苏。
Plant species: Perilla frutescens var. acuta, family Lamiaceae (Labiatae).

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

一年生草本，高50-150cm，有香气。茎绿色，四棱形，基部木质，光滑，上部被白色柔毛。叶对生；柄长4.5-7cm；叶片卵圆形或圆形，长3-10cm，宽2-9cm，先端急尖或尾状，基部圆形，边缘有粗锯齿，下面有腺点，两面均绿色有毛，沿脉较密。7-9月开花，聚伞花序集成偏侧的穗状花序，顶生与腋生，小苞片卵形，比花稍大；花萼5齿裂，外被粗长密毛；花冠二唇形，白色。小坚果倒卵圆形，径1.5-2.5mm，灰白色，有网纹，包围于多毛的宿萼中。白苏子较紫苏子略大，表面灰白色，质脆，较紫苏子易压碎，油性亦较大。
Annual herb, 50-150cm tall, aromatic. Stem is green, quadrangular, woody at base, smooth, upper part covered with white soft hairs. Leaves opposite; petioles 4.5-7cm long; leaf blades ovate or round, 3-10cm long, 2-9cm wide, acute or caudate at apex, rounded at base, coarsely serrated margins, glandular dots on lower surface, green and hairy on both sides, denser along veins. Flowers from July to September; cymose inflorescences form lateral spikes, terminal and axillary; bracts ovate, slightly larger than flowers; calyx 5-toothed, densely covered with coarse long hairs; corolla bilabiate, white. Nutlets inversely ovate, 1.5-2.5mm in diameter, grayish-white, reticulate, enclosed in a hairy persistent calyx. White perilla seeds are slightly larger than purple perilla seeds, grayish-white surface, brittle texture, easier to crush, and higher oil content.

分布区域 Distribution Area

南北各省多有栽培。
Cultivated widely in provinces across northern and southern China.

生长环境 Growing Environment

野生于村边、路旁、山坡者。
Grows wild at village edges, roadsides, and hillsides.

病虫防治 Disease and Pest Control

防治褐斑病、锈病和造桥虫。
Prevent and treat brown spot disease, rust disease, and spanworms.