相思藤，中药名。为豆科相思子属植物相思子Abrus precatorius L.的茎叶。具有清热解毒，利尿的功效。主治感冒，咽喉肿痛，肺热咳嗽，乳痈疮疖，肝炎。
Xiang-si-teng, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. 相思藤) refers to the stems and leaves of the plant Abrus precatorius L. in the pea family. It has the effects of clearing heat, detoxifying, and diuresis. It is mainly used to treat colds, sore throat, lung heat cough, breast abscesses, and hepatitis.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，利尿。
Clearing heat, detoxifying, and promoting diuresis.

主治 Indications

感冒，咽喉肿痛，肺热咳嗽，乳痈疮疖，肝炎。
Common cold, sore throat, lung heat cough, breast abscess, and hepatitis.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

1、内服：煎汤，9-15g。2、外用：煎水洗；或鲜品捣敷。

1. Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g. 2. External use: Wash with decoction; or apply fresh product after pounding.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

相思子叶中含三萜皂苷：相思子三萜苷A、B、C、D。黄酮类：5,7,4′-三羟基黄烷苷，7,4’-二羟基黄酮醇二糖苷，花旗松素-3-葡萄糖苷，甘草甜素。又含相思子内酯A，相思子原酸，相思子原酸甲。
The leaves of Xiangsizi contain triterpenoid saponins: Xiangsizi triterpenoid saponins A, B, C, and D. They also contain flavonoids: 5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone glucoside, 7,4'-dihydroxyflavonol diglucoside, taxifolin-3-glucoside, and glycyrrhizin. Additionally, they contain Xiangsizi lactone A, Xiangsizi protocatechuic acid, and Xiangsizi protocatechuic acid methyl ester.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《中国药用植物图鉴》：“叶：利尿，治支气管炎。”2、《广西中草药》：“清热利尿。治咽喉肿痛，肝炎，支气管炎。”3、南药《中草药学》：“主治感冒发热。”

1. "Chinese Medicinal Plant Atlas": "Leaves: Diuretic, used to treat bronchitis." 2. "Guangxi Chinese Herbal Medicine": "Clears heat and promotes diuresis. Used to treat sore throat, hepatitis, and bronchitis." 3. "Southern Medicinal Herbs": "Mainly used for treating cold and fever."

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：5-10月茎叶生长旺盛时，割取带叶幼藤（除净荚果），切成小段，鲜用或晒干。
Harvesting and processing: During the period from May to October when the stems and leaves are growing vigorously, cut the young vines with leaves (remove the pods), chop them into small pieces, and use them fresh or dry them in the shade.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：茎纤细，直径约1mm，青绿色，表面被有稀疏刚毛，质坚脆，易折断，断面中空。叶互生，偶数羽状复叶，小叶片长方形至长方状倒卵形，上面光滑，下面有稀疏刚毛，气微，味甘回凉。
The stem is slender, about 1mm in diameter, green in color, and sparsely covered with stiff hairs on the surface. It is firm and brittle, easily broken, with a hollow cross-section. The leaves are alternate, pinnately compound with an even number of leaflets. The leaflets are rectangular to oblong-obovate, smooth on the upper surface, sparsely hairy on the lower surface, slightly fragrant, sweet and slightly cool in taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：豆科相思子属植物相思子。
The plant species is Abrus precatorius, belonging to the Leguminosae family, genus Abrus.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

攀缘灌木。枝细弱，有平伏短刚毛。偶数羽状复叶，互生；小叶8-15对，具短柄，长圆形，两端圆形，先端有极小尖头，长1-2cm，宽0.3-0.8cm，上面无毛，下面被稀疏的伏贴细毛。总状花序很小，长3-6cm，成头状，生在短枝上，无总花梗，花序轴短而粗，肉质。花小，排列紧密，具短梗；花萼黄绿色，钟形，先端有4短齿，外侧被毛；花冠淡紫色，旗瓣阔卵形，基部有三角状的爪，翼瓣与龙骨瓣狭窄；雄蕊9，成1束；子房上位，被毛，柱头具细乳头。荚果黄绿色，革质，菱状长圆形，扁平或膨胀，先端有弯曲的喙，被刚毛状细毛。种子4-6颗，椭圆形，在脐的一端黑色，上端朱红色，有光泽。花期3-5月，果期9-10月。
Climbing shrub. Branches are thin and weak, with short, appressed stiff hairs. Leaves are pinnately compound, alternate; with 8–15 pairs of leaflets, each with a short petiole, elongated oval in shape, rounded at both ends, with a very small pointed tip at the apex, 1–2 cm long, 0.3–0.8 cm wide, glabrous on the upper surface, and sparsely covered with appressed fine hairs on the lower surface. Inflorescences are very small, 3–6 cm long, head-like, borne on short branches, without a common pedicel, with a short and thick fleshy axis. Flowers are small, densely arranged, with short pedicels; sepals are yellowish-green, bell-shaped, with 4 short teeth at the apex, hairy on the outer side; corollas are pale purple, with broadly ovate standard petals, triangular claws at the base, narrow wings and keel petals; stamens are 9, fused into a bundle; ovary is superior, hairy, with a papillose stigma. Pods are yellowish-green, leathery, rhomboid-oblong, flattened or inflated, with a curved beak at the apex, covered with stiff hair-like fine hairs. Seeds are 4–6, elliptical, black at one end where the hilum is located, bright red at the other end, and glossy. Flowering occurs from March to May, and fruiting occurs from September to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于福建、广东、广西、海南、云南、台湾等地。
Distributed in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan, Taiwan and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于丘陵地带或山间路旁灌丛中。
Found in hilly areas or shrublands along mountain roadsides.