黄芦木，中药名。为小檗科小檗属植物黄芦木Berberis amurensis Rupr.的根和茎、枝。具有清热燥湿，解毒的功效。主治肠炎，痢疾，肝炎，无名肿毒，湿疹，烫伤，目赤，口疮。
Huang-lu-mu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It refers to the roots, stems, and branches of the plant Berberis amurensis Rupr. It belongs to the Berberidaceae family. It has the effects of clearing heat, drying dampness, and detoxification. It is mainly used to treat enteritis, dysentery, hepatitis, unidentified swelling and toxicity, eczema, burns, red eyes, and mouth ulcers.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

清热燥湿，解毒。
Clearing heat, drying dampness, and detoxifying.

主治 Indications

肠炎，痢疾，肝炎，无名肿毒，湿疹，烫伤，目赤，口疮。
Enteritis, dysentery, hepatitis, unidentified swelling and toxicity, eczema, burns, red eyes, mouth ulcers.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，5-20g。外用：适量，研粉撒布或调敷；煎水洗或点眼。
Internal use: Decoction, 5-20g. External use: appropriate amount, powdered and sprinkled or applied as a paste; decocted in water for washing or used as eye drops.

化学成分 Chemical Composition

根含小檗碱1.16%，小檗胺1.28%，还含药根碱，大叶小檗碱，氧化小檗碱，木兰花碱，非洲防已碱，掌叶防已碱，尖刺碱。茎含小檗碱、掌叶防已碱。
The root contains 1.16% berberine, 1.28% berbamine, as well as jatrorrhizine, berberrubine, oxidized berberine, magnoflorine, columbamine, palmatine, and epiberberine. The stem contains berberine and palmatine.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1. 降压作用：尖刺碱10mg注入麻醉犬股动脉，可引起给药侧下肢血管扩张，全身血压显著下降。此碱具有利胆作用，强度较比小檗碱为弱，但较持久。40μg/ml能抑制小鼠腹水癌细胞的氧摄取。在体外无抗结核菌作用。在麻醉、切断双侧迷走神经及人工呼吸的狗身上，尖刺碱对肾上腺素引起的血压上升及肾血流收缩有阻断作用。
   Hypotensive effect: Injecting 10mg of sparteine into the femoral artery of anesthetized dogs can dilate the blood vessels in the lower limbs on the side of administration, leading to a significant decrease in systemic blood pressure. This alkaloid has choleretic effects, which are weaker than berberine but longer-lasting. At a concentration of 40μg/ml, it can inhibit oxygen consumption in mouse ascites cancer cells. It has no anti-tuberculosis effect in vitro. In dogs with anesthesia, bilateral vagus nerve transection, and artificial respiration, sparteine can block the blood pressure increase caused by adrenaline and renal vasoconstriction.

2. 对平滑肌及心脏的作用：黄芦木叶酊剂能引起动物子宫肌收缩，加快心率，增加心肌收缩力，降低血压。根制剂作用相类似。欧小檗作用与大叶小檗相似，并能降低胆囊收缩张力，减少收缩次数，增加胆汁流量，减轻疼痛及炎症现象。
   Effects on smooth muscle and the heart: A tincture of Huanglumu leaf can induce contractions in uterine smooth muscle, increase heart rate, enhance myocardial contractility, and lower blood pressure. Root preparations have similar effects. European barberry has effects similar to Japanese barberry, and can reduce gallbladder contraction tension, decrease contraction frequency, increase bile flow, and alleviate pain and inflammatory symptoms.

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、秋季采收根及茎，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Roots and stems are collected in spring and autumn and dried in the sun.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：小檗科小檗属植物黄芦木。
Plant species: Berberis vulgaris (Huanglumu), belonging to the family Berberidaceae.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

黄芦木，落叶灌木，高1-3m。枝有沟，灰黄色，老枝灰色。刺粗大，常3分叉，稀单一，长8-20mm。叶5-7片簇生；叶柄长5-15mm；叶片长椭圆形、倒卵状椭圆形或卵形，长3-8cm，宽2.5-5cm，先端急尖或钝，基部渐狭下延成柄，边缘密生刺状细锯齿，齿距1-2mm，上面绿色，下面有时被白粉，网脉明显。总状花序开展或下垂，花序长4-10cm，有花10-25朵或稍多，花梗长5-10mm，花淡黄色；小苞片2，三角形；萼片倒卵形；花瓣椭圆形，先端微缺，内面近基部有1对蜜腺；雄蕊6，花药瓣状开裂；子房卵圆形，内含2胚珠，柱头头状，扁圆形。浆果椭圆形，长约1cm，直径6mm，鲜红色，常被白粉，先端无宿存花柱。花期6-7月，果期8-9月。
Huanglumu is a deciduous shrub, 1-3m tall. Branches are grooved, grayish-yellow, with older branches being gray. Thorns are thick, usually trifurcated, rarely solitary, 8-20mm long. Leaves are clustered in groups of 5-7; petioles 5-15mm long; leaf blades oblong, obovate-elliptic, or ovate, 3-8cm long, 2.5-5cm wide, acute or obtuse at apex, gradually narrowing at base into petiole, margins densely serrated with spine-like teeth spaced 1-2mm apart, green above, sometimes pruinose beneath, with prominent reticulate veins. Inflorescence is a spreading or pendulous raceme, 4-10cm long, bearing 10-25 or more flowers; pedicels 5-10mm long; flowers pale yellow; two small triangular bracts; sepals obovate; petals elliptic, slightly notched at apex, each with a pair of nectaries near the base on the inner surface; stamens 6, anthers dehiscing like valves; ovary ovate, containing 2 ovules, stigma capitate and flattened. Fruit is an ellipsoid berry, about 1cm long, 6mm in diameter, bright red, often pruinose, without persistent style at apex. Flowering from June to July, fruiting from August to September.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于东北、华北及山东、陕西等地。
Distributed in Northeast China, North China, Shandong, Shaanxi, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1250-2850m山坡灌丛中、山沟、山区地埂上。
Grows in mountain valleys, shrublands on slopes, and terraced fields at altitudes of 1250-2850 meters.