黄杨木，中药名。为黄杨科黄杨属植物黄杨Buxus sinica（Rehd.et wils.）M.Cheng 【B.microphylla Sieb.et Zucc.var.sinica Rehd.et wils.】的茎枝及叶。具有祛风除湿，理气止痛的功效。主治风湿痹痛，胸腹气胀，疝气疼痛，牙痛，跌打伤痛。
Huang-yang-mu, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. efers to the stems, branches, and leaves of the plant Buxus sinica (Rehd.et wils.) M.Cheng, a species in the Buxaceae family. It has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, regulating qi, and relieving pain. It is mainly used for rheumatic pain, chest and abdominal distention, hernia pain, toothache, and traumatic injuries.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，理气止痛。
Dispelling wind and dampness, regulating qi and relieving pain.

主治 Indications

风湿痹痛，胸腹气胀，疝气疼痛，牙痛，跌打伤痛。
Rheumatic pain, distension in the chest and abdomen, hernia pain, toothache, and pain from falls and injuries.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，9-15g；或浸酒。外用：鲜品捣烂敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 9-15g; or soak in alcohol. External use: Crush fresh herbs for poultice.

注意事项 Precautions

《本草经疏》：脾胃弱，易于作泄者忌之。
"Annotations on the Classic of Materia Medica": Those with weak spleen and stomach, who are prone to diarrhea, should avoid it.

化学成分 Chemical Components

1、木质部含生物碱：环常绿黄杨碱C、D，环原黄杨碱A、C。2、叶含生物碱：黄杨胺醇碱E，环朝鲜黄杨碱B，黄杨酮碱，环常绿黄杨碱D、黄杨胺碱E、环小叶黄杨碱。3、茎叶含环原黄杨酰胺，小叶黄杨碱A，黄杨酮碱M，异东莨菪素，表羽扇豆醇。

1. The xylem contains alkaloids such as cyclopamine C, D, cycloposine A, and C. 2. The leaves contain alkaloids such as boxaminol alkaloid E, cyclopyrrhoxylon B, boxtonine, cyclopamine D, boxamine E, and cyclosympodine. 3. The stems and leaves contain cycloposamide, microphylline A, boxtonine M, isoscopoletin, and epilupeol.

药理作用 Pharmacological Effects

1、保护急性脑缺血作用：环维黄杨星D能降低局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠神经行为学评分、脑梗死率、脑指数、脑含水量，抑制Na2S2O4造成的PC12细胞缺氧样损伤，降低LDH的漏出，增加细胞存活率。2、对心脏的作用：环维黄杨星D对CaCl2、Ach诱发小鼠在体心房纤颤和乌头碱、哇巴因或肾上腺素所致豚鼠离体心房纤颤，有明显的剂量依赖性抑制作用，且作用强度与胺碘酮相似。环维黄杨星D0.3~100μmol/L降低离体右心房自律性。对离体左心房，环维黄杨星D0.3umol/L抑制肾上腺素引起的异常自律性，延长有效不应期和动作电位时程，降低兴奋性；高浓度时，可降低Vmax，延长冲动传导时间。环维黄杨星D具有升高心肌细胞内游离钙离子浓度的作用，钙离子的升高既源于内钙释放又源于外钙内流。3、对血液流变学的影响：静脉注射环维黄杨星D（CVB-D）1.1mg/kg对正常大鼠血液流变学无明显影响，但明显抑制心肌缺血引起的血液流变学异常，有利于改善心肌缺血。环维黄杨星D具有改善微循环的作用，能明显扩张小鼠耳细动脉和细静脉，拮抗高分子右旋糖酐所致家兔球结膜微循环障碍。4、抗病毒作用：黄杨木提取物SPV-30对HIV有抑制作用。

1. Protection against acute cerebral ischemia: Huanwei Huangyang Xing D can reduce the neurological behavioral scores, cerebral infarction rate, brain index, and brain water content in a focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model in rats. It can also inhibit the hypoxic damage in PC12 cells caused by Na2S2O4, reduce LDH leakage, and increase cell survival rate. 2. Effects on the heart: Huanwei Huangyang Xing D has a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on CaCl2- and Ach-induced atrial fibrillation in mice in vivo, as well as on aconitine, veratridine, or adrenaline-induced atrial fibrillation in guinea pigs ex vivo. The intensity of its action is similar to amiodarone. Huanwei Huangyang Xing D at concentrations of 0.3–100 μmol/L reduces the automaticity of the right atrium ex vivo. In the left atrium, Huanwei Huangyang Xing D at 0.3 μmol/L inhibits the abnormal automaticity induced by adrenaline, prolongs the effective refractory period and action potential duration, and reduces excitability. At high concentrations, it can reduce Vmax and prolong impulse conduction time. Huanwei Huangyang Xing D can increase the concentration of free calcium ions in myocardial cells, which is due to both intracellular calcium release and extracellular calcium influx. 3. Effects on hemorheology: Intravenous injection of Huanwei Huangyang Xing D (CVB-D) at 1.1 mg/kg has no significant effect on the hemorheology of normal rats, but significantly inhibits the hemorheological abnormalities caused by myocardial ischemia, which is beneficial for improving myocardial ischemia. Huanwei Huangyang Xing D can improve microcirculation, significantly dilate the arterioles and venules in the mouse ear, and counteract the microcirculation disorders induced by high molecular weight dextran in the rabbit conjunctiva. 4. Antiviral effects: The extract SPV-30 from yellow poplar has inhibitory effects on HIV.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、《分类草药性》：治一切风湿，头痛，九种气痛，红白痢。2、《四川中药志》：治风湿，牙痛，气痛，疝痛，胸腹气胀，跌打损伤，妇人难产，及暑月疖疮。

1. "Classified Herbal Properties": Treats all types of rheumatism, headaches, nine types of qi pain, and dysentery. 2. "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records": Treats rheumatism, toothache, qi pain, hernia pain, chest and abdominal bloating, bruises, difficult labor in women, and boils in the summer months.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

1、治跌打损伤：黄杨木泡酒服。（《四川中药志》1960年版）2、治痔疮出血：千年矮嫩枝（带叶）30g，梦花树根15g水煎服。（《恩施中草药手册》）

1. Treating bruises and injuries: Soak boxwood in liquor and take orally. (From "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records", 1960 edition) 2. Treating bleeding hemorrhoids: 30g of millennium dwarf twig (with leaves), 15g of dream flower tree root, decoct in water and take orally. (From "Enshi Herbal Medicine Manual")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年可采，晒干。
Harvesting and processing: Harvestable all year round, and then sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：黄杨科黄杨属植物黄杨。
The plant species is Buxus sinica, belonging to the family Buxaceae, genus Buxus.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

常绿灌木或小乔木，高1-6m。栓皮成有规则的剥裂，灰色；枝圆柱形，有纵棱，灰白色。叶对生；有叶柄，上面被毛；叶片革质，阔椭圆形、阔倒卵形、卵状椭圆形或长圆形，中脉凸出，下半段常有微细毛，侧脉明显。穗状花序腋生，单性，雌雄同株，花密集，花序轴被毛；苞片阔卵形；雄花约10朵，雄蕊连花药长达4mm；雌花多存于花序上部，萼片6，排成2列；花柱3，子房3室，柱头粗厚，倒心形。蒴果近球形，成熟时黑色。花期3-4月，果期5-7月。
Evergreen shrub or small tree, 1-6m tall. The bark peels off in a regular pattern, gray in color; branches are cylindrical with longitudinal ridges, grayish-white. Leaves are opposite; with petioles, hairy on the upper surface; leaf blades are leathery, broadly elliptic, broadly obovate, ovate-elliptic, or lanceolate, with prominent midribs, fine hairs on the lower half, and distinct lateral veins. Spike-like inflorescences are axillary, unisexual, with both male and female flowers on the same plant, densely clustered, inflorescence axis hairy; bracts broadly ovate; male flowers about 10, with stamens extending up to 4mm; female flowers mostly located in the upper part of the inflorescence, with 6 sepals arranged in 2 rows; 3 styles, ovary with 3 chambers, styles thick and heart-shaped at the base. Capsules are nearly spherical, turning black when ripe. Flowering period is from March to April, and fruiting period is from May to July.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华东、中南及四川、贵州、陕西、甘肃等地。
Distributed in East China, Central South China, as well as Sichuan, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Gansu, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于海拔1200-2600m的山谷、溪边、林下。
Born in valleys, by streams, and under forests at an altitude of 1200-2600 meters.

生长习性 Growth Habits

喜温暖湿润的气候，生长适温26-30℃。可在空旷地或荫蔽的环境生长。在土质疏松、肥沃、排水良好的砂质壤土上栽培为宜。
Prefers a warm and humid climate, with an optimal growth temperature of 26–30°C. It can grow in open or shaded environments. It is best cultivated in loose, fertile, and well-drained sandy loam soil.

繁殖方式 Propagation Method

用扦插繁殖。
Propagate using cuttings.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

春、夏季扦插，以春季较好。选择二年生枝条，长12-15cm，剪去叶片，按行株距6cm×6cm斜插于苗床中，入土深度为枝条的1/2，稍压后浇水，保持湿润。插后40-50d可以定植，按行株距60cm×60cm开穴，选阴雨天种植。
Propagation by cuttings is better in spring and summer, with spring being the preferable season. Select two-year-old branches that are 12-15cm long, remove the leaves, and insert them diagonally into the seedbed at a spacing of 6cm x 6cm. Plant them to a depth of half the length of the cutting, press lightly, water, and keep the soil moist. After 40–50 days, the cuttings can be transplanted. Dig holes at a spacing of 60cm x 60cm and plant on cloudy or rainy days.