鸟不宿，中药名。为五加科植物刺楸Kalopanax septemlobus（Thunb.） Koidz.或楤木Arlia chinensis L.的茎枝。具有追风，行血的功效。主治风湿痹痛，紫云风，胃痛。
"Niao-bu-s, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. refers to the stems and branches of Kalopanax septemlobus (Thunb.) Koidz. or Aralia chinensis L., both of which belong to the Araliaceae family. It is known for its effects of dispelling wind and promoting blood circulation. It is commonly used to treat rheumatic arthralgia, purpura rheum, and stomach pain.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

追风，行血。
Chasing the wind, promoting blood circulation.

主治 Indications

主要用于风湿痹痛，紫云风，胃痛。
Mainly used for rheumatic pain, purple cloud wind, and stomach pain.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：15-20g，煎汤。外用：煎水洗。
Internal use: 15-20g, decocted in water. External use: decocted in water for washing.

注意事项 Precautions

孕妇慎服。
Pregnant women should be cautious when taking this.

相关论述 Relevant Discussion

1、汪连仕《采药书》：行血追风。治紫云风，大麻风，筋骨疼痛。

1. Wang Lianshi's "Materia Medica": Promotes blood circulation and dispels wind. Used to treat purplish wind, leprosy, and muscle and bone pain.

2、《纲目拾遗》：追风定痛，有透骨之妙。治风毒流注，风痹，跌打，劳怯。下胎催生。
2. "Compendium of Materia Medica Addendum": Dispels wind and relieves pain, with the miraculous effect of penetrating to the bone. Used to treat wind-heat invasion, bi syndrome due to wind, bruises, fatigue, and weakness. Also promotes labor and childbirth.

3、苏医《中草药手册》：祛风湿，利关节，止痛。治腰膝关节酸痛，胃痛。
3. Su Yi's "Handbook of Chinese Herbal Medicine": Dispels wind and dampness, benefits the joints, and alleviates pain. Used to treat soreness and pain in the lumbar and knee joints, as well as stomach pain.

临床应用 Clinical Applications

治疗麻风性神经痛：取鲜鸟不宿根茎用清水洗净切碎，每用5钱加水70ml、酒30ml，煎成50ml为1剂。日服两次，每次1剂，可持续应用。痛止后再服2-3天。试治瘤型麻风神经痛8例，4例服药1-5剂后疼痛停止，3例服药3-5剂后疼痛显着减轻，1例因疼痛剧烈，效果不佳。
Treatment of leprosy neuralgia: Take fresh roots and stems of Acanthopanax senticosus, wash them with clean water and chop them. Use 5 qian of the herb, add 70ml of water and 30ml of alcohol, decoct into 50ml for one dose. Take it twice a day, one dose each time, and it can be used continuously. After the pain stops, continue taking for another 2-3 days. This treatment was tried on 8 cases of tumor-type leprosy neuralgia, with 4 cases experiencing pain relief after taking 1-5 doses, 3 cases showing significant pain reduction after taking 3-5 doses, and 1 case having poor efficacy due to severe pain.

相关配伍 Related Combinations

治腹水肝炎：鸟不宿叶五钱，瘦猪肉二两，同炖食。（江西《草药手册》）
Treatment for ascites in hepatitis: Take five qian of Acanthopanax senticosus leaves and two liang of lean pork, stew together and eat. (From the "Herbal Manual" of Jiangxi)

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：全年均可采收，去叶，晒干或截段晒干。
Processing method: It can be harvested all year round, with leaves removed and dried in the sun or cut into sections and dried in the sun.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：
1、刺楸的干燥树枝多截成10-20cm的小段，圆柱形，表面淡褐色，并有褐色圆点状皮孔和散生暗褐色的硬刺，刺尖锐，侧扁，略带光泽；断面中央可见白色的髓部。

1. The dried branches of Kalopanax septemlobus are often cut into small sections of 10-20cm in length, cylindrical in shape, with a light brown surface. They have brown circular pores and scattered dark brown hard thorns, which are sharp at the tip, flat on the sides, and slightly glossy. In the center of the cross-section, a white pith can be seen.

2. The dried stems and branches of Quercus are cylindrical in shape, with a surface ranging from gray-brown to brown. They have fine longitudinal cracks and irregularly scattered grayish-white thorn-like projections, most of which are broken at the top, with a conical base. The texture is hard, and the cross-section is light yellow, with the pith occupying about half of the stem's diameter.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：五加科植物刺楸或楤木。
The plant belongs to the Araliaceae family—Kalopanax septemlobus or Aralia elata.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

1、刺楸：落叶大乔木，高约10m，最高可达30m，胸围达70cm以上。树皮暗灰棕色，小枝圆柱形，淡黄棕色或灰棕色，具鼓钉状皮刺，刺长5-6mm，基部宽6-7mm。叶在长枝上互生，在短枝上簇生，叶柄细长，长8-50cm，无毛；叶片近圆形或扁圆形，掌状5-7浅裂，裂片三角卵形至长椭圆状卵形，长不及全叶片的1/2，茁壮枝上的叶片分裂较深，裂片长超过全叶片的1/2；先端渐尖，基部心形，边缘有细锯齿，上面深绿色，无毛，下面淡绿色，仅脉上具淡棕色软毛或除基部脉腋外无毛。伞形花序列聚生为顶生圆锥花序，长15-25cm，直径20-30cm；伞形花序直径1-2.5cm，有花数朵；花萼无毛，边缘有5齿；花瓣5，三角状卵形，长约1.5mm，白色或淡黄绿色；雄蕊5，长约2.5mm，内曲，花丝较花瓣长1倍以上；子房下位，2室；花盘隆起，花柱2，合生成柱状，柱头离生。核果近球形，成熟时蓝黑色，直径约5mm；宿存花柱长约2mm。种子2，扁平。花期7-10月，果期9-12月。

1. Kalopanax septemlobus: A deciduous large tree, about 10m tall, reaching up to 30m, with a trunk circumference of over 70cm. The bark is dark gray-brown, the small branches are cylindrical, pale yellow-brown or gray-brown, with thorn-like prickles, 5-6mm long, and 6-7mm wide at the base. Leaves are alternate on long branches and clustered on short branches; petioles are slender, 8-50cm long, glabrous. Leaf blades are nearly circular or broadly elliptic, palmately 5-7 shallowly lobed, with lobes triangular-ovate to elongate-ovate, less than half the full leaf length; on vigorous shoots, the lobes are deeper, exceeding half the leaf length. Apex gradually pointed, base cordate, margin finely serrate, upper surface dark green and glabrous, lower surface light green, with sparse light brown soft hairs only on veins or glabrous except at vein axils. Umbellate inflorescences form terminal conical panicles, 15-25cm long, 20-30cm in diameter; individual umbels 1-2.5cm in diameter, with several flowers; calyx glabrous, with 5 teeth; petals 5, triangular-ovate, about 1.5mm long, white or pale yellow-green; stamens 5, ca. 2.5mm long, incurved, filaments more than twice as long as petals; ovary inferior, 2-celled; disc elevated; styles 2, fused into a column, stigmas free. Fruit nearly spherical, blue-black when ripe, ca. 5mm in diameter; persistent styles ca. 2mm long. Two flat seeds. Flowering period July–October, fruiting period September–December.

2、楤木：有刺灌木或小乔木，高2-5m。树皮灰色，疏生粗壮直刺；小枝被黄褐色绒毛，疏生细刺。叶为二至三回羽状复叶，长60-100cm；叶柄粗壮，长可达50cm；托叶与叶柄基部合生；每羽片有小叶5-11，基部有1对小叶，叶片薄革质，卵形至长圆状卵形，长7-14cm，宽3.5-8cm，先端渐尖或短尖，基部圆形，上面被黄褐色柔毛，下面密被黄褐色绒毛，脉上尤多，边缘具细锯齿，侧脉7-10对。伞形花序组成顶生的大圆锥花序，长50-80cm，密被黄褐色绒毛；伞形花序有30-50朵花，直径2.5-5cm；花梗长3-4cm；苞片锥形，膜质，萼无毛，边缘有5齿裂；花淡绿白色，花瓣5，三角状卵形；雄蕊5，花丝长约2.5mm；子房5室，花柱5，离生或基部合生。核果球形，浆果状，成熟时紫黑色，具5棱，花柱宿存。花期7-9月，果期9-11月。
2. Aralia elata: A spiny shrub or small tree, 2–5m tall. Bark gray, with sparse stout straight thorns; young branches densely covered with yellow-brown tomentum, sparsely with fine thorns. Leaves bipinnate or tripinnate, 60–100cm long; petiole stout, up to 50cm long; stipules adnate to the base of the petiole; each pinna has 5–11 leaflets, with a pair at the base; leaflets thin coriaceous, ovate to oblong-ovate, 7–14cm × 3.5–8cm, apex acuminate or shortly pointed, base rounded, upper surface with yellow-brown soft hairs, lower surface densely covered with yellow-brown tomentum especially along veins, margins finely serrate, lateral veins 7–10 pairs. Inflorescence a large terminal compound panicle formed by umbels, 50–80cm long, densely tomentose; each umbel with 30–50 flowers, 2.5–5cm in diameter; pedicels 3–4cm long; bracts conical, membranous; calyx glabrous, 5-toothed; flowers pale greenish-white, petals 5, triangular-ovate; stamens 5, filaments ca. 2.5mm long; ovary 5-celled, styles 5, free or basally connate. Fruit spherical, berry-like, purple-black when ripe, with 5 ridges, persistent styles. Flowering period July–September, fruiting period September–November.

分布区域 Distribution Area

1、刺楸：分布于东北、华北、华东、中南、西南及陕西、西藏等地。

1. Kalopanax septemlobus: Distributed in Northeast, North, East, Central-South, Southwest China, as well as Shaanxi, Tibet, and other regions.

2、楤木：分布于西南及河北、山西、陕西、湖北、湖南、台湾等地。
2. Aralia elata: Distributed in Southwest China, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Taiwan, and other regions.

生长环境 Growing Environment

1、刺楸：生于海拔200-1400m的山坡稀疏灌丛中。

1. Kalopanax septemlobus: Grows in sparse shrubbery on mountain slopes at altitudes of 200–1400 meters.

2、楤木：生于海拔400-2700m的杂木林中。
2. Aralia elata: Grows in mixed forests at altitudes of 400–2700 meters.