苎麻梗，中药名。为荨麻科植物苎麻Boehmerianivea（L.）Gaud.的茎或带叶嫩茎。具有散瘀，解毒的功效。主治金疮折损，痘疮，痈肿，丹毒。
Zhu-ma-geng, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Stem of Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud.), also known as Boehmeria nivea stem with leaves, is the stem or tender stem with leaves of the Urticaceae plant Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud. It has the functions of promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis and detoxification. It is mainly used to treat traumatic injuries, acne, carbuncles, and erysipelas.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

散瘀，解毒。
Promoting blood circulation to remove blood stasis, detoxifying.

主治 Indications

金疮折损，痘疮，痈肿，丹毒。
Traumatic injuries, smallpox sores, carbuncles, abscesses, and erysipelas.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，6-15g，或入丸、散。外用：适量，研末调敷，或鲜品捣敷。
Internal use: Decoction, 6-15g, or prepared into pills or powder. External use: Apply an appropriate amount of powdered medicine or fresh product for external application.

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治皮肤破损：苎麻梗为末，鸡蛋清调敷。（周风梧《中药学》）
2、治痘毒：以野苎麻去皮捣敷。（《纲目拾遗》）

1. Treating skin damage: Grind the stalks of Boehmeria nivea into powder, mix with egg white, and apply as a poultice. (From Zhou Fengwu's "Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medicine")
2. Treating acne: Peel and crush wild Boehmeria nivea, and apply as a poultice. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica Addendum")
3. Treating carbuncles, furuncles, and unidentified swellings: Crush the tender stems and leaves of Boehmeria nivea. Apply the paste to the affected area, change it when dry, and the swelling will gradually subside.
4. Treating erysipelas: Crush the tender stems and leaves of Boehmeria nivea, extract the juice, and apply to the affected area. (The third and fourth remedies are from "Compilation of Chinese Medicinal Herbs Nationwide")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：春、夏季采收，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in spring or summer, use fresh or sun-dried.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：茎圆柱形，有粗毛，体较轻而韧，皮易纵向撕裂，韧性足，断面淡黄色，中央为髓；叶对生，叶片多皱缩或破碎，棱绿色，完整者展平后为宽卵形，长达15cm以上，宽5-10cm，先端渐尖，基部近圆形或宽楔形，边缘有粗齿。基出脉3条，叶背微隆起，两面均有毛。叶柄较长，长达7cm。气微，味微辛、微苦。
Stem is cylindrical, with coarse hairs, relatively light and tough, the bark tears easily longitudinally, with sufficient toughness; cross-section is light yellow with pith in the center. Leaves are opposite, often wrinkled or broken, edges green; when flattened, they are broadly ovate, over 15cm long and 5–10cm wide, apex gradually pointed, base nearly round or broadly wedge-shaped, margins coarsely toothed. Three primary veins originate at the base, back of leaf slightly raised, both surfaces hairy. Petiole long, up to 7cm. Slight odor, slightly spicy and bitter taste.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：荨麻科苎麻属苎麻。
The plant species is Boehmeria nivea, belonging to the genus Boehmeria in the Urticaceae family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

多年生半灌木，高1-2m。茎直立，圆柱形，多分枝，青褐色，密生粗长毛。叶互生；叶柄长2-11cm；托叶2，分离，早落；叶片宽卵形或卵形，长7-15cm，宽6-12cm，先端渐尖或近尾状，基部宽楔形或截形，边缘密生齿牙，上面绿色，粗糙，并散生疏毛，下面密生交织的白色柔毛，基出脉3条。花单性，雌雄通常同株；花序呈圆锥状，腋生，长5-10cm，雄花序通常位于雌花序之下；雄花小，无花梗，黄白色，花被片4，雄蕊4，有退化雌蕊；雌花淡绿色，簇球形，直径约2mm，花被管状，宿存，花柱1。瘦果小，椭圆形，密生短毛，为宿存花被包裹，内有种子1颗。花期9月，果期10月。
Perennial semi-shrub, 1–2m tall. Stem erect, cylindrical, branched, greenish-brown, densely covered with coarse long hairs. Leaves alternate; petiole 2–11cm long; two stipules, separate, early deciduous; blade broadly ovate or ovate, 7–15cm long, 6–12cm wide, apex gradually pointed or nearly caudate, base broadly cuneate or truncate, margin densely serrate, upper surface green, rough, sparsely hairy, lower surface densely covered with interlaced white soft hairs, with three basal veins. Flowers unisexual, usually monoecious; inflorescence paniculate, axillary, 5–10cm long, male flowers typically below female ones; male flowers small, sessile, yellow-white, tepals 4, stamens 4, with rudimentary pistil; female flowers pale green, clustered in spherical heads about 2mm in diameter, tubular persistent perianth, single style. Fruit a small achene, ellipsoidal, densely short-hairy, enclosed in persistent perianth, containing one seed. Flowering in September, fruiting in October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

在我国河南、山东及陕西以南各地广为栽培，也有野生。
Widely cultivated throughout southern China including regions south of Henan, Shandong, and Shaanxi provinces, also found growing wild.

生长环境 Growing Environment

喜温暖湿润气候，发芽适宜气温22-25℃，生长最适温度为23-30℃，气温在8℃以下幼苗停止生长，0℃以下苗易冻死。年降水量800-1000mm，相对湿度80％左右最为适宜。怕风，忌渍水。对土壤适应性强，以土层深厚、疏松肥沃、富含腐殖质、排水良好、土壤pH5.5-6.5的砂质壤土或粘壤土栽培为宜。
Prefers warm and humid climate. Optimal germination temperature is 22–25°C; optimal growth temperature is 23–30°C. Seedlings stop growing below 8°C and are prone to frost damage below 0°C. Annual precipitation of 800–1000mm and relative humidity around 80% are ideal. Sensitive to wind and intolerant to waterlogging. Adaptable to various soils but best grown in deep, loose, fertile sandy loam or clay loam rich in humus, well-drained, with pH 5.5–6.5.

繁殖方式 Reproduction Methods

用种子、分根、扦插、压条、分株繁殖，亦可用组织培养方法培育试管苗。
Propagation by seed, root division, cuttings, layering, and division. Tissue culture can also be used to produce test-tube seedlings.

栽培技术 Cultivation Techniques

1、种子繁殖：用育苗移栽法，选背风向阳、灌排方便、土质疏松之处作苗床。春季3月上、中旬或秋季8月上、中旬播种，种子可与细土或草木灰拌匀后撒播于苗床，薄覆细土，以不见种子为度，盖草，浇水，保持湿度。出苗后，待有10-12片真叶时，即可移栽。每1h㎡用种量7.5-15kg。
2、分根繁殖：又称分蔸繁殖，将种根挖出，分切成数块，选健壮、无病虫害的带有节及芽的种块，随即栽种。亦可用边蔸、抽亮、抽行等方法获得种根。或将细很切成小段，早春育苗，待苗高20cm时移栽。

1. Seed propagation: Use seedling cultivation and transplanting method. Choose a wind-sheltered, sunny site with convenient irrigation and drainage, and loose soil for seedbed preparation. Sow in early to mid-March (spring) or early to mid-August (autumn). Mix seeds with fine soil or wood ash and broadcast on seedbed, lightly cover with soil until seeds are no longer visible, cover with straw, water, and maintain moisture. Transplant when seedlings have 10–12 true leaves. Seeding rate: 7.5–15kg per hectare.
2. Root division propagation: Also known as rhizome division. Dig up rhizomes and cut into pieces. Select healthy, pest-free sections with nodes and buds, and plant immediately. Rhizomes can also be obtained via side shoots, suckers, or runners. Alternatively, cut roots into segments, raise seedlings in early spring, and transplant when 20cm tall.
3. Cutting propagation: Select strong hemp stems, cut into 12–15cm sections with 3–4 buds, insert diagonally into seedbed, cover with soil, press firmly, maintain soil moisture, and transplant after rooting.
4. Layering propagation: When the first crop matures and most stems turn brown, dig a shallow trench (~5cm deep) beside the plant, bend the stem to the ground, make a wound near the base, leave the top exposed above soil, fill trench and press soil firmly. After root formation, separate from mother plant and transplant.
5. Division propagation: When seedlings reach 15–20cm, cut out dense, shorter shoots with some fine roots, remove part of leaves, trim the top, and plant. Transplanting methods: pit planting in late autumn, early winter, or early spring. Density: 37,500–45,000 clumps/ha for deep-rooted types, 25,000–30,000 for shallow-rooted; 45,000–60,000 seedlings/ha for seed-raised plants, 2–3 plants per clump. Pit depth: 10–15cm, diameter: 12–18cm. After planting, fill and compact soil, then water.

病虫防治 Disease and Pest Control

1、病害有立枯病、根腐线虫病、青枯病、疫霉病、白纹羽病、茎腐病、角斑病、褐斑病等。
2、虫害有苎麻赤蛱蝶、苎麻天牛、银纹夜蛾、卷叶虫、苎麻黄蛱蝶、金龟子等为害。

1. Diseases include damping-off, root-knot nematode disease, bacterial wilt, Phytophthora blight, white thread disease, stem rot, angular leaf spot, and brown spot.
2. Pests include Boehmeria red admiral butterfly, jute longhorn beetle, silver-striped hawkmoth, leaf roller, Boehmeria yellow butterfly, and scarab beetles.