土黄连，中药名。为小檗科小檗属植物九莲小檗BerberisjulianaeSchneid.或湖北小檗BerberisgagnepainiiSchneid.的根或茎叶。植物九莲小檗，分布于我国湖北、四川、贵州、湖南、广西；植物湖北小檗，分布于湖北、云南、四川、贵州。具有清热解毒，利尿通淋之功效。主治热泻，赤痢，火眼赤痛，齿龈肿痛，痄腮，丹毒，热淋，湿疹。
Tu-huang-lian, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the root or stem and leaf of the plant Berberis julianae Schneid. or Berberis gagnepainii Schneid. from the Berberidaceae family. Berberis julianae is distributed in Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi provinces of China, while Berberis gagnepainii is found in Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, diuresis, and treating stranguria. It is used to treat heat diarrhea, dysentery, conjunctivitis, gingival swelling and pain, mumps, erysipelas, hot stranguria, and eczema.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

清热解毒，利尿通淋。主治
Clearing heat, detoxifying, promoting diuresis, and treating stranguria.

热泻，赤痢，火眼赤痛，齿龈肿痛，痄腮，丹毒，热淋，湿疹。用法用量
Heat diarrhea, bloody dysentery, red and painful eyes due to heat, swollen and painful gums, mumps, erysipelas, hot lin syndrome, eczema. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，根6～9g，茎叶30～60g。外用：适量，乳汁泡点眼或研末敷。药理作用
Internal use: Decoction, 6-9g of roots, 30-60g of stems and leaves. External use: appropriate amount, soak the eyes with the milk or apply the powdered herb. Pharmacological actions.

1、抑制痢疾杆菌作用。2、促进吞噬细胞吞噬能力作用。相关论述

1. Inhibitory effect on Shigella.2. Promoting the phagocytic ability of phagocytes. Relevant discussions.

1、《滇南本草》：“泻小肠经实火，胃中实火，利小便。止热淋疼痛，牙根肿疼。咽喉痛，小儿乳蛾，痄腮。”2、《四川常用中草药》：“清热解毒，消炎抗菌。治目赤，赤痢，劳伤吐血，咽喉肿痛，腹泻，齿痛，耳心痛。跌打损伤红肿。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Dian Nan Ben Cao": "Clears heat in the small intestine meridian, stomach heat, promotes urination. Relieves pain and inflammation in hot lin syndrome, swollen and painful gums. Treats sore throat, infantile thrush, mumps."2. "Commonly Used Sichuan Chinese Medicinal Herbs": "Clears heat, detoxifies, has anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Treats red eyes, dysentery, blood in vomit due to injury, swollen and painful throat, diarrhea, toothache, and earache. Reduces swelling in bruises and injuries." Clinical applications and relevant compatibility.

1、治肝癌，土黄连、半枝莲、太子参各15g，半边莲18g，积雪草、茯苓各12g，郁金、车前子、黄芪、生晒参各10g。水煎服。（《抗癌植物药及其验方》）2、治肠癌、急性白血病等，土黄连、苦参、白头翁各15g，重楼25g，鬼箭羽、野菊花、白英各30g。水煎服。（《肿瘤临证备要》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating liver cancer, use 15g of Radix Scutellariae, 15g of Herba Patriniae, 15g of Astragalus membranaceus, 18g of Herba Hedyotis diffusa, 12g of Herba Lysimachiae, 12g of Herba Elsholtziae, 10g of Radix Curcumae, 10g of Semen Plantaginis, 10g of Radix Astragali, and 10g of Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Anti-cancer Plants and Their Formulas")2. For treating colorectal cancer, acute leukemia, etc., use 15g of Radix Scutellariae, 15g of Sophora flavescens, 15g of Patrinia villosa, 25g of Resina Draconis, 30g of Herba Equiseti Hiemalis, 30g of Flos Chrysanthemi Indici, and 30g of Herba Hedyotis diffusa. Decoct in water and take orally. (From "Essentials of Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process.

秋季采挖根部，全年采叶，晒干或烘干备用。药材鉴别 药材性状
In autumn, the roots are harvested, while the leaves can be collected throughout the year. They should be dried in the sun or using other methods for later use. The identification and characteristics of the medicinal herbs should be carefully examined.

本品粗壮，弯曲，有分枝，长30～50㎝，直径2～4㎝。表面棕黄色或土黄色。具纵皱沟纹，质坚硬，不易折断，断面皮部棕黄色，木部边缘淡黄色，具明显的放射纹理。新鲜时多切成厚约0.5～1㎝片或砍成1～2㎝厚片。气微，味极苦。植物学信息 植物种属
This product is thick, sturdy, curved, and branched, measuring 30-50 cm in length and 2-4 cm in diameter. The surface is brownish-yellow or earthy-yellow with longitudinal wrinkles. It is hard in texture, not easily broken, with a brownish-yellow skin and a pale yellow edge in the wood section, showing distinct radial patterns. When fresh, it is often cut into slices about 0.5-1 cm thick or chopped into 1-2 cm thick pieces. It has a mild scent and an extremely bitter taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

小檗科小檗属植物九莲小檗或湖北小檗。形态特征
Berberis sinensis, also known as Chinese barberry or Hubei barberry, is a plant belonging to the Berberidaceae family. It has distinctive morphological characteristics.

1、九莲小檗，别名豪猪刺，常绿灌木，高1～3米。老枝黄褐色或灰褐色，幼枝淡黄色，具条棱和稀疏黑色疣点；茎刺粗壮，三分叉，腹面具槽，与枝同色，长1～4厘米。叶革质，椭圆形，披针形或倒披针形，长3～10厘米，宽1～3厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形，上面深绿色，中脉凹陷，侧脉微显，背面淡绿色，中脉隆起，侧脉微隆起或不显，两面网脉不显，不被白粉，叶缘平展，每边具10～20刺齿；叶柄长1～4毫米。花10～25朵簇生；花梗长8～15毫米；花黄色；小苞片卵形，长约2.5毫米，宽约1.5毫米，先端急尖；萼片2轮，外萼片卵形，长约5毫米，宽约3毫米，先端急尖，内萼片长圆状椭圆形，长约7毫米，宽约4毫米，先端圆钝；花瓣长圆状椭圆形，长约6毫米，宽约3毫米，先端缺裂，基部缢缩呈爪，具2枚长圆形腺体；胚珠单生。浆果长圆形，蓝黑色，长7～8毫米，直径3.5～4毫米，顶端具明显宿存花柱，被白粉。花期3月，果期5～11月。2、湖北小檗，常绿灌木，高1～2米。茎圆柱形，老枝暗灰色，幼枝禾杆黄色，具条棱和稀疏细小疣点；茎刺长1～4厘米，腹面下部扁平或具槽，与枝同色，老枝无刺。叶披针形，长3.5～14厘米，宽0.4～2.5厘米，先端渐尖，基部楔形，上面暗绿色，有时灰绿色，中脉微凹陷，侧脉和网脉显著，背面黄绿色，中脉明显隆起，侧脉微隆起，网脉不显，不被白粉，叶缘有时微波状，每边具6～20刺齿；近无柄。花2～8朵簇生，有时可达15朵；花梗长（4～）10～20毫米，棕褐色，无毛；花淡黄色；小苞片长圆状卵形，长约3毫米；萼片3轮，外萼片长圆状卵形，长约4.5毫米，宽约4毫米，先端急尖，中萼片椭圆形至卵形，长6.5毫米，宽5.5毫米，内萼片倒卵形，长8毫米，宽7毫米；花瓣倒卵形，长约7毫米，宽约6毫米，先端缺裂或微凹，裂片先端圆形，基部楔形，具2枚分离的腺体；胚珠4～5枚。浆果红色，长圆状卵形，长8～10毫米，直径约6毫米，顶端无明显宿存花柱，微被蓝粉。花期5～6月，果期6～10月。分布区域

1. Jiulian Xiaobo, also known as Mahonia, is an evergreen shrub that grows 1-3 meters tall. The old branches are yellow-brown or gray-brown, while the young branches are light yellow, with ridges and sparse black wart-like dots. The stem thorns are stout, trifurcated, with grooves on the ventral side, and are the same color as the branches, measuring 1-4 centimeters long. The leaves are leathery, elliptical, lanceolate, or inverted lanceolate, 3-10 centimeters long and 1-3 centimeters wide, gradually pointed at the tip, wedge-shaped at the base, dark green on the upper surface with a sunken midrib, slightly visible lateral veins, light green on the underside with a raised midrib, slightly raised or not visible lateral veins, inconspicuous reticulate veins on both sides, not covered in white powder, flat leaf margins, with 10-20 prickly teeth on each side; leaf stalks are 1-4 millimeters long. The flowers are clustered in groups of 10-25; flower stalks are 8-15 millimeters long; flowers are yellow; small bracts are ovate, about 2.5 millimeters long and 1.5 millimeters wide, sharply pointed at the tip; there are two whorls of sepals, with outer sepals ovate, about 5 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide, sharply pointed at the tip, and inner sepals elongated elliptical, about 7 millimeters long and 4 millimeters wide, blunt at the tip; petals are elongated elliptical, about 6 millimeters long and 3 millimeters wide, with a notched tip, claw-shaped at the base, and two elongated glandular bodies; ovules are solitary. The berries are oblong, blue-black, 7-8 millimeters long, 3.5-4 millimeters in diameter, with a prominent persistent stigma at the apex, covered in white powder. The flowering period is in March, and the fruiting period is from May to November.2. Hubei Mahonia is an evergreen shrub that grows 1-2 meters tall. The stem is cylindrical, with old branches being dark gray, young branches straw yellow, with ridges and sparse small wart-like dots; stem thorns are 1-4 centimeters long, flattened or grooved on the ventral side at the lower part, the same color as the branches, and old branches are thornless. The leaves are lanceolate, 3.5-14 centimeters long and 0.4-2.5 centimeters wide, gradually pointed at the tip, wedge-shaped at the base, dark green on the upper surface, sometimes gray-green, slightly sunken midrib, prominent lateral veins and reticulate veins, yellow-green on the underside, prominently raised midrib, slightly raised lateral veins, inconspicuous reticulate veins, not covered in white powder, sometimes slightly wavy leaf margins, with 6-20 prickly teeth on each side; nearly sessile. The flowers are clustered in groups of 2-8, sometimes up to 15; flower stalks are (4-) 10-20 millimeters long, brown, and hairless; flowers are pale yellow; small bracts are oblong, about 3 millimeters long; there are three whorls of sepals, with outer sepals elongated ovate, about 4.5 millimeters long and 4 millimeters wide, sharply pointed at the tip, middle sepals elliptical to ovate, 6.5 millimeters long and 5.5 millimeters wide, inner sepals inverted ovate, 8 millimeters long and 7 millimeters wide; petals are inverted ovate, about 7 millimeters long and 6 millimeters wide, with a notched or slightly concave tip, rounded at the tip, wedge-shaped at the base, with two separate glands; ovules are 4-5. The berries are red, oblong-ovate, 8-10 millimeters long, approximately 6 millimeters in diameter, with no obvious persistent stigma at the apex, and slightly covered in blue powder. The flowering period is from May to June, and the fruiting period is from June to October. Distribution area.

1、九莲小檗，分布于我国湖北、四川、贵州、湖南、广西。2、湖北小檗，分布于湖北、云南、四川、贵州。生长环境

1. Jiulian Xiaobo is distributed in Hubei, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, and Guangxi provinces of China.2. Hubei Xiaobo is distributed in Hubei, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Guizhou provinces. Growing environment.

1、九莲小檗，生于山坡、沟边、林中、林缘、灌丛中或竹林中，海拔1100～2100米。2、湖北小檗，山地灌丛中、石山岩旁、云杉林下或林缘，海拔700～2600米。

1. Jiulian Xiaobo grows on mountain slopes, along ditches, in forests, on forest edges, in thickets, or in bamboo groves, at elevations of 1100 to 2100 meters.2. Hubei Xiaobo grows in mountain shrubs, beside rocky hills, under fir forests, or on forest edges, at elevations of 700 to 2600 meters.