香叶，中药名。为牻牛儿苗科植物香叶天竺葵PelargoniumgraveolensL’Herit.的茎叶。具有祛风除湿，行气止痛，杀虫的功效。主治风湿痹痛，疝气，阴囊湿疹，疥癣。
Xiang-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit.), the stem and leaf of the aromatic plant Pelargonium graveolens L’Herit. of the Geraniaceae family. It has the effects of dispelling wind and dampness, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, and killing insects. It is mainly used to treat rheumatic pain, hernia, scrotal eczema, and scabies.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

祛风除湿，行气止痛，杀虫。主治
Dispelling wind and dampness, promoting qi circulation, relieving pain, and killing parasites. Mainly used for treating...

风湿痹痛，疝气，阴囊湿疹，疥癣。用法用量
Rheumatic pain, hernia, scrotal eczema, scabies. Dosage and administration.

内服：煎汤，9-15g，鲜品30-45g；或泡酒。外用：适量，煎水洗，或捣烂敷。化学成分
Internal use: decoction, 9-15g dried or 30-45g fresh; or soak in alcohol. External use: appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing, or mash for application. Chemical components.

全草含挥发油，油中含量大于2%的有芳樟醇，顺式玫瑰醚，异薄荷酮，香茅醇，牻牛儿醇，甲酸香茅酯，愈创木烯，此外还含α-蒎烯、反式玫瑰醚，牻牛儿醇甲酸酯，乙酸香茅酯等。药理作用
The whole plant contains volatile oil, with a content of more than 2% in the oil, including linalool, cis-rose oxide, menthone, citronellol, borneol, geranyl formate, caryophyllene, as well as α-pinene, trans-rose oxide, borneol acetate, and citronellyl acetate. Pharmacological effects.

1、抗肿瘤作用：体外细胞培养试验表明，香葵精油对Ehrlich腹水癌（EC）细胞的ED50为0.0011g（油）/ml，对HeLa细胞亦有明显的细胞毒作用。精油0.05-0.2g（油）/kg，给小鼠腹腔注射，连续7d左右，对肉瘤S180、EC腹水型、Walker256（W256）、Lewis肺癌、S37移植肿瘤有稳定疗效，对小鼠白血病L615、L7212和EC实体型肿瘤无明显作用。香葵精油对全身转移的小鼠U14宫颈癌，腹腔给药有一定延长生命作用，但对转移灶无明显抑制作用。同样，香葵精油短暂阻止L7212白血病细胞对血液内转移。香葵精油腹腔给药抑瘤作用强于口服，小剂量多次给药作用强于大剂量集中给药，治疗指数也较低。香葵精油各分离部分以石油醚部位抑瘤作用最高，略优于精油。10%石油醚部位乳剂给小鼠S180或S37第14日肿瘤瘤内给予0.02ml，每日1次，共7次，有一定的抑瘤及延长生命率的作用。香叶挥发油中的牻牛儿醇对HL60细胞有轻度诱导分化作用，香叶油和香茅醇对细胞毒性较大。腹腔注射发现香叶油、乙酸香茅酯、甲酸香茅酯、香茅醇、牻牛儿醇均可延长S180腹水型动物寿命，香茅醇作用最好。云南产香叶和香叶油可延长P388型荷瘤动物寿命。乙酸香茅酯可延长W256腹水实体型动物寿命。动物实验表明，甲酸香茅酯抗肿瘤活性较香葵油高70%。香葵治疗子宫颈癌局部应用对菜花状癌组织肉眼改变明显；精油可使宫颈癌细胞变性、坏死及脱落，与药物接触部位癌组织受影响最大，作用深度通常为癌变鳞状上皮的2/3。香叶加顺铂合并治疗或香叶单独治狞Ⅱ、Ⅲ期子宫颈癌，治疗前后进行电镜观察，发现治疗后癌细胞核内包涵物及核内致密颗粒消失，核变小，核内染色质分布均匀，核质比例减小，胞浆中细胞器较为发达，有效杀灭癌细胞，使多数癌细胞崩解坏死。以20期鸡胚眼内注射方式证明，7μg/ml艾氏剂（aldrin）溶液可引起水晶体增生，5%香葵精油溶液0.lμl则可抑制艾氏剂鸡胚晶体增生作用。这种抑制作用可能与其抗癌功能有某种相关。2、抗微生物活性：香葵精油0.10%时可抑制红色毛癣菌、石膏样毛癣菌、裴氏着色真菌、蛙粪真菌等10种真菌生长，0.78%浓度时还可抑制除熏烟色曲菌外15种真菌的生长。精油中所含香茅醇，可抑制金黄色葡萄球菌及伤寒杆菌。3、其他作用：1%香葵精油以0.1ml/（kg·d）给正常大鼠腹腔注射，连续6d，可显著降低末梢血中T淋巴细胞数，停药7d时T淋巴细胞仍继续下降。香葵精油1-1.5g/kg给小鼠灌服，连续7d，对网状内皮细胞吞噬功能无明显影响。香葵精油0.1ml/kg对小鼠热板法有一定镇痛作用，并且可持续3h。毒理作用

1. Antitumor effect: In vitro cell culture experiments have shown that the ED50 of Abelmoschus esculentus essential oil on Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EC) cells is 0.0011g (oil)/ml, and it also has a significant cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells. When administered intraperitoneally to mice at doses of 0.05-0.2g (oil)/kg for about 7 days, the essential oil has a stable therapeutic effect on tumors such as S180 sarcoma, EC ascites type, Walker256 (W256), Lewis lung cancer, and S37 transplant tumors, but no significant effect on mouse leukemias L615, L7212, and EC solid tumors. The essential oil of Abelmoschus esculentus has a certain life-prolonging effect when administered intraperitoneally to mice with U14 cervical cancer metastasis, but it does not significantly inhibit metastases. It temporarily inhibits the migration of L7212 leukemia cells in the blood. Intraperitoneal administration of the essential oil has a stronger tumor-inhibiting effect than oral administration, and multiple small doses are more effective than a single large dose, with a lower therapeutic index. The petroleum ether fraction of the essential oil exhibits the highest tumor-inhibiting activity among its isolated components, slightly superior to the essential oil itself. A 10% petroleum ether fraction emulsion administered intratumorally to mice with S180 or S37 tumors on the 14th day at a dose of 0.02ml once daily for a total of 7 times shows a certain tumor-inhibiting and life-prolonging effect. The farnesol in the essential oil of Abelmoschus esculentus has a mild inducing differentiation effect on HL60 cells, while the essential oil and citronellol have greater cytotoxicity. Intraperitoneal injection of the essential oil, citronellyl acetate, citronellyl formate, citronellol, and farnesol can prolong the life of mice with S180 ascites tumors, with citronellol being the most effective. Abelmoschus esculentus and its essential oil from Yunnan can prolong the life of P388 tumor-bearing animals. Citronellyl acetate can prolong the life of mice with W256 ascites solid tumors. Animal experiments have shown that citronellyl formate has 70% higher antitumor activity than Abelmoschus esculentus oil. Local application of Abelmoschus esculentus in treating cervical cancer causes significant macroscopic changes in cauliflower-like cancer tissues; the essential oil can induce degeneration, necrosis, and shedding of cervical cancer cells, with the most significant effects observed at the site of drug contact, typically affecting two-thirds of the squamous epithelium. Abelmoschus leaves combined with cisplatin or used alone in the treatment of stage II and III cervical cancer can lead to the disappearance of nuclear inclusions and dense particles in cancer cells, reduction in nuclear size, uniform distribution of chromatin in the nucleus, decreased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, well-developed organelles in the cytoplasm, effective destruction of cancer cells, and necrosis of most cancer cells after treatment. Injection into the eyes of 20-day-old chick embryos has shown that a 7μg/ml solution of aldrin can cause crystalline proliferation, while a 0.1μl 5% solution of Abelmoschus essential oil can inhibit aldrin-induced crystalline proliferation. This inhibitory effect may be related to its anticancer function.2. Antimicrobial activity: Abelmoschus esculentus essential oil at 0.10% can inhibit the growth of 10 fungi, including red trichophyton, gypsum-like trichophyton, Pseudallescheria, and frog dung fungus; at a concentration of 0.78%, it can also inhibit the growth of 15 fungi, excluding smoke-colored Aspergillus. The citronellol contained in the essential oil can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhi.3. Other effects: Intraperitoneal injection of 1% Abelmoschus esculentus essential oil at 0.1ml/(kg·d) to normal rats for 6 consecutive days can significantly reduce the number of T lymphocytes in peripheral blood, with a continued decrease even 7 days after discontinuation. When orally administered to mice at doses of 1-1.5g/kg for 7 days, the essential oil has no significant effect on the phagocytic function of reticuloendothelial cells. At a dose of 0.1ml/kg, the essential oil has a certain analgesic effect on the hot plate test in mice, which can last for 3 hours. Toxic effects.

2.5%香葵精油乳剂给小鼠腹腔注射的LD50为0.2939±0.039g/kg。四种不同批号的香葵精油1次腹腔给药的小鼠LD50值在0.30-0.52g/kg，口服1次给药的LD50在1.54-3.68g/kg间。在明显超过致死剂量时，小鼠可能由于急性神经麻痹使呼吸受到严重抑制而迅速死亡；非致死的中毒剂量时，动物表现呆板，反应迟钝。香葵精油对小鼠口服或腹腔注射均为弱蓄积作用。香葵精油对小鼠腹腔注射，累积剂量为LD50的7.6倍，23d后观察可见脏器形成水肿、粘连、变形、变性，并有死亡，其中对肠刺激尤为突出。对正常小鼠外周白细胞无明显影响。亚急性毒性试验中，300mg/（kg·d）或100mg/（kg·d），隔日一次灌胃给予健康雄性狗，高剂量组给药60次，低剂量组给药30次，未见明显毒性表现，血象及肝、肾功能测定均基本正常，仅肝脏细胞和肾曲管上皮细胞有轻度的变性反应。香葵精油以1200mg/（kg·d）或600mg/（kgd）灌胃给予大鼠，连续30d，大小脑以及卵巢、睾丸均无病变，对胃粘膜、肝肾细胞的影响均很轻微。香葵原油囗服0.6ml/kg和0.3ml/kg，连续1月，对大鼠体重、白细胞、血红蛋白、血清转氨酶、心电图均无明显改变，组织学观察也基本正常。10%香葵精油对家兔股四头肌有很强刺激作用；5%原油对股四头肌和眼结膜作用也很明显；1%香葵精油刺激作用已大为减轻，并在72h后有明显好转。相关论述
The LD50 of 2.5% hollyhock essential oil emulsion injected into the abdominal cavity of mice is 0.2939±0.039g/kg. The LD50 values of mice for abdominal cavity administration of four different batches of hollyhock essential oil range from 0.30 to 0.52g/kg, and for oral administration, the LD50 ranges from 1.54 to 3.68g/kg. When significantly exceeding the lethal dose, mice may rapidly die due to severe respiratory inhibition caused by acute neurogenic paralysis; at non-lethal toxic doses, animals may exhibit stiffness and delayed reactions. Hollyhock essential oil shows weak cumulative effects on mice whether administered orally or injected into the abdominal cavity. When injected into the abdominal cavity of mice, at a cumulative dose 7.6 times the LD50, observations after 23 days show organ edema, adhesions, deformities, degeneration, and deaths, with intestinal irritation being particularly prominent. There is no significant impact on peripheral white blood cells in normal mice. In subacute toxicity tests, healthy male dogs were given 300mg/(kg·d) or 100mg/(kg·d) of hollyhock essential oil by gavage every other day, with the high-dose group receiving 60 doses and the low-dose group receiving 30 doses. No obvious signs of toxicity were observed, and blood tests as well as liver and kidney function tests were mostly normal, with only mild degenerative reactions in liver cells and kidney tubular epithelial cells. When rats were given 1200mg/(kg·d) or 600mg/(kg·d) of hollyhock essential oil by gavage for 30 consecutive days, there were no lesions in the brain, ovaries, testes, and only minimal effects on the gastric mucosa, liver, and kidney cells. When rats were orally administered 0.6ml/kg and 0.3ml/kg of hollyhock crude oil for one month, there were no significant changes in body weight, white blood cells, hemoglobin, serum transaminases, electrocardiograms, and histological observations were mostly normal. A 10% hollyhock essential oil has a strong stimulating effect on the quadriceps of rabbits; 5% crude oil has significant effects on the quadriceps and conjunctiva, while 1% hollyhock essential oil has greatly reduced stimulating effects and shows significant improvement after 72 hours.

1、《广西中药志》：“全草治风湿，叶治疝气。”2、《四川中药志》1982年版：“祛风除湿，理气止痛。用于阴囊湿疹，疥癣瘙痒。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Guangxi Materia Medica" states: "The whole plant is used to treat rheumatism, while the leaves are used to treat hernia."2. The 1982 edition of "Sichuan Materia Medica" states: "Dispelling wind and dampness, regulating qi and relieving pain. Used for scrotal eczema, scabies, and itching." Clinical applications and related compatibility.

1、治风寒湿痹，关节疼痛：香叶15g，老鹤草15g，石南藤15g，红牛膝15g，伸筋草15g。上药用白酒500g浸泡。每服20ml。2、治疝气痛：香叶9g，玄胡9g，胡芦巴9g，荔枝核9g。水煎服。3、治阴囊湿疹，疥癣瘙痒：香叶30g，藿香30g，刺黄柏30g。水煎浓汁，外涂患处。（1-3方出自《四川中药志》1982年）加工炮制 采收加工

1. For treating wind-cold-damp arthralgia and joint pain: 15g of fragrant leaves, 15g of oldenlandia diffusa, 15g of clematis armandii, 15g of red knee cartilage, and 15g of lycopodium clavatum. The herbs are soaked in 500g of white wine. Take 20ml each time.2. For treating hernia pain: 9g of fragrant leaves, 9g of xuanhu, 9g of trigonella foenum-graecum, and 9g of litchi seed. Decoction and take orally.3. For treating scrotal eczema and scabies itching: 30g of fragrant leaves, 30g of agastache rugosa, and 30g of phellodendron amurense. Decoct into a concentrated solution and apply externally to the affected area. (The above prescriptions are from "Sichuan Herbal Medicine Records" in 1982) Processing and preparation: Harvest and process the herbs.

南方4月中、下旬开始，每隔3星期采收1次，一般上半年采收3-4次，下半年2-3次。采收方法，剪长枝、老枝、匍匐枝。留短枝、嫩枝、直立枝。可连续采收2-3年，有些地区则采收2-4年。植物学信息 植物种属
In the southern regions, harvesting typically begins in late April and occurs every 3 weeks. Generally, 3-4 harvests are conducted in the first half of the year, and 2-3 in the second half. The harvesting method involves cutting long branches, old branches, and creeping branches, while leaving short branches, tender branches, and upright branches. Harvesting can be done continuously for 2-3 years in some areas, and 2-4 years in others. This information pertains to botanical species.

牻牛儿苗科天竺葵属香叶天竺葵。形态特征
The plant belongs to the Geraniaceae family and is known as Pelargonium tomentosum. It has fragrant leaves.

多年生直立草本，高达90cm。茎基部木质，全株密被淡黄色长毛，其浓厚香味。叶对生或互生，叶柄长超过叶片，上部近等长；叶片宽心形至近圆形，近掌状5-7深裂，裂片分裂为小裂片，边缘具不规则的齿裂。伞形花序与叶对生，柄短，直立；花小，几无柄；萼片披针形，被密长毛，基部稍合生；花瓣玫瑰红或粉红，有紫色的脉，上面2片较大，长为萼片的1倍，达1.2cm；雄蕊10；雌蕊1，子房5室，花柱5。蒴果成熟时裂开，果瓣向上卷曲。花、果期3-6月。分布区域
Perennial erect herb, up to 90cm tall. The base of the stem is woody, and the entire plant is densely covered with light yellow long hairs, emitting a strong fragrance. Leaves are opposite or alternate, with leaf stalks longer than the leaf blades, nearly equal in length in the upper part; leaf blades are broadly heart-shaped to nearly circular, palmately 5-7 deeply lobed, with lobes further divided into smaller lobes, and irregularly toothed margins. Umbel inflorescence is opposite to the leaves, with short, erect stalks; flowers are small, nearly sessile; sepals lanceolate, densely covered with long hairs, slightly connate at the base; petals rose-red or pink, with purple veins, the upper two larger than the sepals, about 1.2cm long; 10 stamens; 1 pistil, ovary with 5 chambers, and 5 styles. The capsule splits open when ripe, with the fruit segments curling upwards. Flowering and fruiting period is from March to June. Distribution area.

原产于非洲南部。我国各地均有栽培。生长见习
Originally from southern Africa. It is cultivated in various regions of China. It grows well under the following conditions.

喜温暖湿润气候，不耐寒，最适生长温度22-30℃，温度高达40℃左右则生长缓慢，在-3℃以上能安全越冬。较耐旱，年降雨量宜在1000mm以上。喜阳光，年日照时数在1100-1300h较为适宜。以疏松肥沃的壤土栽培为好，耐弱碱土壤，但酸性土壤和粘质土壤和低洼地不宜栽培。忌连作。繁殖方式
Prefers a warm and humid climate, intolerant to cold, with the most suitable growth temperature between 22-30°C. Growth slows down when the temperature reaches around 40°C, but can safely overwinter above -3°C. It is relatively drought-resistant, with an annual rainfall of over 1000mm being ideal. Enjoys sunlight, with an annual sunshine duration of 1100-1300 hours being more suitable. It thrives in loose and fertile soil, tolerating weak alkaline soil but not suitable for acidic, clayey soil, or low-lying areas. Avoid consecutive planting. Reproduction methods.

用扦插繁殖。长江流域以北不能露地越冬，作一年生植物栽培。栽培技术
Propagate by cuttings. Plants cannot overwinter outdoors north of the Yangtze River Basin and are cultivated as annuals. Cultivation techniques.

1、直接扦插法：于9、10月选健壮短枝作插穗进行扦插。2、育苗移栽法：冬季在温室或温床育苗，选一年生健壮枝条，长15cm，具3-4个节，在沿节的下方削平，留顶叶1-2片，按行距5cm×5cm扦插，并需遮荫。约经20d左右即能生根。翌年4月移栽，按行株距60cm×50cm开穴栽种。病虫防治

1. Direct cutting method: Select strong and short branches in September and October as cuttings for direct cutting propagation.2. Seedling transplantation method: In winter, cultivate seedlings in a greenhouse or warm bed. Select one-year-old strong branches, 15cm long, with 3-4 nodes. Trim the bottom flat along the nodes, leaving 1-2 top leaves. Cuttings are planted at a spacing of 5cm x 5cm and need to be shaded. Roots can be formed in about 20 days. Transplant in April of the following year, dig holes for planting with a spacing of 60cm x 50cm per row. Disease and pest control.

病害有根腐病；虫害有蚜虫、红蜘蛛、菜青虫、白蚂蚊等为害，应加强防治。
The diseases include root rot; the pests include aphids, red spider mites, cabbage worms, whiteflies, etc., and prevention and control measures should be strengthened.