牛膝茎叶，中药名。为苋科植物牛膝AchyranthesbidentataBl.的茎叶。分布于除东北以外的全国广大地区。具有祛寒湿，强筋骨，活血利尿之功效。常用于寒湿痿痹，腰膝疼痛，淋闭，久疟。
Niu-xi-jing-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Stem and leaf of Achyranthes bidentata Bl.), a plant of the Amaranthaceae family, is distributed in vast areas of China except for the northeast region. It has the functions of dispelling cold and dampness, strengthening tendons and bones, promoting blood circulation, and diuresis. It is commonly used for conditions such as cold and damp arthralgia, lumbar and knee pain, urinary dysfunction, and prolonged malaria.

功效作用 功能
Efficacy and Functions

祛寒湿，强筋骨，活血利尿。主治
Expel cold and dampness, strengthen tendons and bones, promote blood circulation and diuresis. Mainly used for治疗。

用于寒湿痿痹，腰膝疼痛，淋闭，久疟。用法用量
Used for cold and damp impediment, lumbar and knee pain, urinary dysfunction, and chronic malaria. Dosage and administration: [Please provide specific instructions].

内服：煎汤，3-9g；或浸酒。外用：适量，捣敷或捣汁点服。药理作用
Internal use: decoction, 3-9g; or soaked in alcohol. External use: appropriate amount, pounded for application or pounded for juice consumption. Pharmacological actions.

1、镇痛作用；2、抗炎作用；3、对心血管及呼吸的影响：使收缩减弱；4、对胃肠道的作用：兴奋作用；5、利胆作用6、对子宫的作用：兴奋作用；7、抗生育作用；8、对血液流变学的影响：活血作用；9、降血糖作用；10、降脂作用；11、蛋白同化作用；12、对免疫功效的影响：增强免疫功效；13、延缓衰老作用；14、其他作用：轻微的利尿作用。相关论述

1. Analgesic effect;2. Anti-inflammatory effect;3. Effects on cardiovascular and respiratory systems: weakening of contractions;4. Effects on the gastrointestinal tract: excitatory effect;5. Cholagogic effect;6. Effects on the uterus: excitatory effect;7. Contraceptive effect;8. Effects on hemorheology: blood-activating effect;9. Hypoglycemic effect;10. Lipid-lowering effect;11. Protein assimilation effect;12. Effects on immune function: enhancement of immune function;13. Anti-aging effect;14. Other effects: mild diuretic effect. Related discussions.

1、《纲目》：“治寒湿痿痹，腰膝疼痛，久疟，淋病。”2、《圣惠方》：“治气湿痹痛，腰膝痛：牛膝叶一斤。切，以米三合，于豉汁中煮粥，和盐、酱空腹食之。”3、《肘后方》：“治老疟久不断：牛膝茎叶捣绞取汁，日三、五度点之。”临床应用 相关配伍

1. "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber": "Used for treating cold and dampness causing weakness and paralysis, as well as pain in the lower back and knees, chronic malaria, and gonorrhea."2. "Holy Benevolence Formula": "Used for treating painful qi dampness causing stiffness in the lower back and knees: Take one jin of Achyranthes bidentata leaves, chop them, cook them into a porridge with three liang of rice in soybean juice, and consume it on an empty stomach with salt and soy sauce."3. "Elbow-Back Formula": "Used for treating persistent recurrent malaria in the elderly: Crush and squeeze the juice from Achyranthes bidentata stems and leaves, apply it three to five times a day."Clinical applications and relevant combinations.

1、治风湿痹痛，腰膝疼痛：牛膝叶（切）一斤，米三合，上于豉汁中相和，煮作粥，调和盐、酱，空腹食之。（《圣惠方》牛膝叶粥）2、治小便不利，茎中痛欲死，兼治妇人血结，腹坚痛：牛膝一大把并叶，不以多少，酒煮饮之，立愈。3、治老疟久不断：牛膝茎叶一把，切，以酒三升渍服，令微有酒气，不即断，更作，不过三剂止。（2-3方出自《肘后方》）4、治眼卒生珠管：牛膝茎叶不拘多少。上捣绞取汁。日三五度点之。（《圣惠方》）5、治竹木针在肉中不出：取生牛膝茎捣末，涂之即出。（《梅师集验方》）加工炮制 采收加工

1. To treat rheumatic pain and pain in the lower back and knees: Take one jin of ox knee leaves (chopped), three he of rice, mix them with soybean juice, cook into porridge, season with salt and soy sauce, and consume on an empty stomach. (From "Sheng Hui Fang" - Ox Knee Leaf Porridge)2. To treat difficult urination, excruciating pain in the stem, blood stasis in women, and severe abdominal pain: Take a large handful of ox knee stems and leaves, cook them in wine, and drink the decoction for immediate relief.3. To treat long-standing recurrent malaria: Take a handful of ox knee stems and leaves, chop them, soak in three liters of wine, let it ferment slightly, do not stop immediately, repeat for up to three doses. (The 2nd and 3rd prescriptions are from "Zhou Hou Fang")4. To treat sudden formation of a pearl-like lump in the eye: Take an appropriate amount of ox knee stems and leaves, pound and squeeze out the juice, apply it to the eye three to five times a day. (From "Sheng Hui Fang")5. To treat a foreign object like a bamboo or wooden needle stuck in the flesh: Take fresh ox knee stems, grind them into powder, apply to the affected area for the object to come out. (From "Mei Shi Ji Yan Fang") Processing and preparation: Harvest and process ox knee stems.

春、夏、秋季均可采收，洗净，鲜用。药材鉴别 药材性状
The herb can be harvested in spring, summer, and autumn, washed clean, and used fresh. Identification of medicinal herbs and their characteristics.

茎具四棱，有分枝，表面棕绿色，疏被柔毛，茎节略膨大如牛膝状。叶对生，多皱缩，展平后叶片卵形至椭圆形，或椭圆状披针形，枯绿色，长5-10cm，宽2-7cm，先端锐尖，基部楔形或广楔形，全缘，两面被柔毛。气微，味微涩。植物学信息 植物种属
The stem is four-angled, branched, with a surface of brownish-green color, sparsely covered with soft hairs, and the stem nodes are slightly swollen resembling the shape of cow knees. The leaves are opposite, often wrinkled and shriveled, becoming ovate to elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate when spread out, with a withered green color, 5-10cm long and 2-7cm wide, acute at the apex, cuneate or broadly cuneate at the base, with entire margins, and covered with soft hairs on both sides. It has a mild aroma and a slightly astringent taste. Botanical information about the plant species.

苋科植物牛膝。形态特征
Achyranthes bidentata, a plant in the Amaranthaceae family. Morphological characteristics.

牛膝，又名山苋菜、对节菜、透骨草、喉白草、喉痹草、鼓槌草、疔疮草。多年生草本，高70-120cm。根圆柱形，直径5-10mm，土黄色；茎有棱角或四方形，绿色或带紫色，有白色贴生或开展柔毛，或近无毛，分枝对生，节膨大。单叶对生；叶柄长5-30mm；叶片膜质，椭圆形或椭圆披针形，长5-12cm，宽2-6cm，先端渐尖，基部宽楔形，全缘，两面被柔毛。穗状花序顶生及腋生，长3-5cm，花期后反折；总花梗长1-2cm，有白色柔毛；花多数，密生，长5mm；苞片宽卵形，长2-3mm，先端长渐尖；小苞片刺状，长2.5-3mm，先端弯曲，基部两侧各有1卵形膜质小裂片，长约1mm；花被片披针形，长3-5mm，光亮，先端急尖，有1中脉；雄蕊长2-2.5mm；退化雄蕊先端平圆，稍有缺刻状细锯齿。胞果矩圆形，长2-2.5mm，黄褐色，光滑。种子长圆形，长1mm，黄褐色。花期7-9月，果期9-10月。分布区域
Achyranthes bidentata, also known as niu xi, is a perennial herbaceous plant that grows to a height of 70-120cm. Its roots are cylindrical, with a diameter of 5-10mm, and are a yellowish-brown color. The stems are angular or square, green or purplish, with white appressed or spreading soft hairs, or nearly hairless, and opposite branches with enlarged nodes. The leaves are opposite; leaf stalks are 5-30mm long; leaf blades are membranous, elliptic or elliptic-lanceolate, 5-12cm long and 2-6cm wide, gradually pointed at the tip, broadly wedge-shaped at the base, with entire margins, and covered with soft hairs on both sides. The spike-like inflorescences are terminal and axillary, 3-5cm long, and bend backwards after flowering; the peduncles are 1-2cm long, with white soft hairs; the flowers are numerous, densely packed, and 5mm long; the bracts are broadly ovate, 2-3mm long, with a long gradually pointed tip; the bracteoles are spine-like, 2.5-3mm long, with a curved tip, and each side of the base has a membranous small split piece, about 1mm long; the tepals are lanceolate, 3-5mm long, shiny, sharply pointed at the tip, with a central vein; the stamens are 2-2.5mm long; the degenerate stamens have a flat round tip, with slightly serrated notches. The utricle is rectangular, 2-2.5mm long, yellow-brown, and smooth. The seeds are oblong, 1mm long, and yellow-brown. The flowering period is from July to September, and the fruiting period is from September to October. This plant is distributed in certain regions.

除东北以外的全国广大地区。生长环境
Growing environment in vast areas across the country except for the Northeast.

生于屋旁、林缘、山坡草丛中。分布于除东北以外的全国广大地区。在有些地区则大量栽培，河南产的怀牛膝为道地药材。
Born near houses, on the edge of forests, and among grassy slopes. It is distributed in vast areas across the country except for the northeast. In some regions, it is extensively cultivated, with the Huai niu xi produced in Henan being authentic medicinal material.