歪脖子果，中药名。为藤黄科藤黄属植物大叶藤黄GarciniaxanthochymusHook.f.exT.Anders.的茎叶。植物大叶藤黄，分布于我国云南南部和西南部至西部（尤以南部西双版纳分布较集中）及广西西南部（零星分布），广东有引种栽培，喜马拉雅山东部，孟加拉东部经缅甸、泰国至中南半岛及安达曼岛也有，日本有引种栽培。具有解毒敛疮，驱虫之功效。主治蚂蟥（水蛭）入鼻。
Wai-bo-zi-guo, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. the stems and leaves of Garcinia xanthochymus Hook.f. ex T. Anders., a plant of the family Clusiaceae and the genus Garcinia. The plant is mainly distributed in the southern and southwestern parts of Yunnan Province, China, extending to the western regions (particularly concentrated in the southern Xishuangbanna), sporadically in the southwestern Guangxi, and cultivated in Guangdong. It is also found in the eastern Himalayas, eastern Bangladesh, through Myanmar, Thailand, the central and southern parts of the Indochinese Peninsula, and the Andaman Islands, with cultivation in Japan. It is known for its detoxifying and wound-healing properties, as well as its ability to expel parasites. It is commonly used to treat leeches (water leeches) entering the nose.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

解毒敛疮，驱虫。
Detoxify, heal wounds, and expel parasites.

主治 Indications

蚂蟥（水蛭）入鼻。
Leeches entering the nose.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

外用：适量，取鲜汁滴入鼻腔。
External use: Take an appropriate amount of fresh juice and drop it into the nasal cavity.

临床应用 Clinical Application

治蚂蟥（水蛭）入鼻，取鲜汁适量滴入鼻腔，蚂蟥可自行掉出。（《云南中草药续集》）
To treat the entry of leeches into the nose, apply a suitable amount of fresh juice into the nasal cavity, and the leeches will drop out on their own. (From "Supplement to Yunnan Herbal Medicine")

植物学信息 Botanical Information

形态特征乔木，高8～20米，胸径15～45厘米，树皮灰褐色，分枝细长，多而密集，平伸，先端下垂，通常披散重叠，小枝和嫩枝具明显纵稜。叶两行排列，厚革质，具光泽，椭圆形、长圆形或长方状披针形，长（14～）20～34厘米，宽（4～）6～12厘米，顶端急尖或钝，稀渐尖，基部楔形或宽楔形，中脉粗壮，两面隆起，侧脉密集，多达35～40对，网脉明显；叶柄粗壮，基部马蹄形，微抱茎，枝条顶端的1～2对叶柄通常玫瑰红色，长1.5～2.5厘米，干后有稜及横皱纹。伞房状聚伞花序，有花（2～）5～10（～14）朵，腋生或从落叶叶腋生出总梗长约6～12毫米；花两性，5数，花梗长1.8～3厘米；萼片和花瓣3大2小，边缘具睫毛；雄蕊花丝下部合生成5束，先端分离，分离部份长约3毫米，扁平，每束具花药2～5，基部具方形腺体5枚，腺体顶端有多数孔穴，长约1毫米，与萼片对生；子房圆球形，通常5室，花柱短，约1毫米，柱头盾形，中间凹陷，通常深5裂，稀4或3裂，光滑。浆果圆球形或卵球形，成熟时黄色，外面光滑，有时具圆形皮孔，顶端突尖，有时偏斜，柱头宿存，基部通常有宿存的萼片和雄蕊束。种子1～4，外面具多汁的瓢状假种皮，长圆形或卵球形，种皮光滑，棕褐色。花期3～5月，果期8～11月。
The tree is 8-20 meters tall with a diameter at breast height of 15-45 centimeters. The bark is gray-brown, the branches are slender and dense, spreading horizontally with drooping tips, often overlapping. The twigs and young branches have obvious longitudinal ridges. The leaves are arranged in two rows, thick and leathery, glossy, elliptic, oblong, or lanceolate, 14-34 centimeters long and 6-12 centimeters wide, with an acute or obtuse apex, sometimes gradually tapering, and a wedge-shaped or broadly wedge-shaped base. The midrib is stout, and both sides are raised with dense secondary veins, often 35-40 pairs, and prominent reticulate veins. The petiole is stout, horseshoe-shaped at the base, slightly embracing the stem, and the 1-2 pairs of petioles at the top of the branches are usually rose-red, 1.5-2.5 centimeters long, with ridges and transverse wrinkles when dry. The inflorescence is an umbrella-shaped compound umbel, with 2-10 (up to 14) flowers, axillary or borne from the leaf axils of deciduous leaves, with a total peduncle length of about 6-12 millimeters. The flowers are bisexual, pentamerous, with a flower stalk 1.8-3 centimeters long; the sepals and petals are in 3 large and 2 small, with ciliate margins. The stamens have 5 bundles of filaments fused at the base, separating at the apex, with the separated part about 3 millimeters long, flat, each bundle with 2-5 anthers, and 5 square glands at the base, with numerous pores at the apex, about 1 millimeter long, opposite the sepals. The ovary is globose, usually 5-locular, with a short style about 1 millimeter long, and a shield-shaped stigma, usually deeply 5-lobed, rarely 4 or 3-lobed, smooth. The fruit is globose or ovoid, yellow when ripe, smooth on the outside, sometimes with circular pores, pointed at the apex, sometimes oblique, with persistent styles at the top and usually persistent sepals and stamen bundles at the base. There are 1-4 seeds, each with a juicy, gourd-shaped false seed coat, oblong or ovoid, with a smooth, brownish skin. The flowering period is from March to May, and the fruiting period is from August to November.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于沟谷和丘陵地潮湿的密林中，海拔（100～）600～1000（～1400）米。
Born in the moist forests of gullies and hilly areas, at an altitude of 600 to 1000 (up to 1400) meters.