牡荆茎，中药名。为马鞭草科牡荆属植物牡荆VitexnegundoL.var.cannabifolia（Sieb.etZucc.）Hand.-Mazz.的茎。植物牡荆，分布于华东及河北、湖南、湖北、广东、广西、四川、贵州。具有祛风解表，消肿止痛之功效。主治感冒，喉痹，牙痛，脚气，疮肿，烧伤。
Mu-jing-jing, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. It is the stem of the plant Vitex negundo L. var. cannabifolia (Sieb. et Zucc.) Hand.-Mazz. of the Verbenaceae family. The plant is distributed in East China, Hebei, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Guizhou. It has the functions of dispelling wind, relieving surface, reducing swelling, and alleviating pain. It is mainly used for treating colds, throat bi, toothache, athlete's foot, abscesses, and burns.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

祛风解表，消肿止痛。
Dispel wind and release the exterior, reduce swelling and alleviate pain.

主治 Indications

感冒，喉痹，牙痛，脚气，疮肿，烧伤。
Common cold, sore throat, toothache, athlete's foot, abscess, and burns.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，10-15g。外用：适量，煎水洗；或含漱。
Internal use: Decoction, 10-15g. External use: appropriate amount, decoct in water for washing; or use for gargling.

相关论述 Related Discussions

《别录》：“疗灼烂。”
"Bie Lu": "Treats burns and sores."

《本草拾遗》：“洗灼疮及热焱疮。”
"Ben Cao Shi Yi": "Washes scalds and hot ulcers."

临床应用 Clinical Application

治风牙痛，牡荆茎同荆芥、荜拔煎水漱。（《纲目》）
To treat toothache caused by wind, decoct the stems of mugwort with herbaceous peucedanum and radix angelicae pubescentis, and use the decoction for rinsing the mouth. (From "Compendium of Materia Medica")

治脚气诸病，用荆芥于坛中烧烟，熏涌泉穴及痛处，使汗出则愈。（《永类铃方》）
To treat various diseases of athlete's foot, burn the herbaceous peucedanum in a jar to create smoke, then fumigate the Yongquan acupoint and the painful areas. Sweating will lead to recovery. (From "Yongle Encyclopedia of Prescriptions")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏、秋季采收，切段晒干。
Harvesting and processing: collect in summer and autumn, cut into sections and sun-dry.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

植物种属：马鞭草科牡荆属植物牡荆。
Plant species: Vitex negundo L., belonging to the Verbenaceae (mistletoe) family.

形态特征 Morphological Characteristics

牡荆，别名楚（《诗经》），荆（《广雅》），蚊香草、铺香、午时草、洋公柴（福建），五指柑（广东），土柴胡、蚊子柴、山京木、黄荆条（江西），荆条棵（江苏），黄荆柴（浙江）。落叶灌木或小乔木，植株高1-5m。多分枝，具香味。小枝四棱形，绿色，被粗毛，老枝褐色，圆形。掌状复叶，对生；小叶5，稀为3，中间1枚最大；叶片披针形或椭圆状披针形，基部楔形，边缘具粗锯齿，先端渐尖，表面绿色，背面淡绿色，通常被柔毛。圆锥花序顶生，长10-20cm；花萼钟状，先端5齿裂；花冠淡紫色，先端5裂，二唇形。果实球形，黑色。花、果期7-10月。
Mugeng, also known as Chu ("Book of Songs"), Jing ("Guangya"), mosquito grass, pu xiang, wu shi cao, yang gong chai (Fujian), wu zhi gan (Guangdong), tu chai hu, wen zi chai, shan jing mu, huang jing tiao (Jiangxi), jing tiao ke (Jiangsu), huang jing chai (Zhejiang). Deciduous shrub or small tree, plant height 1–5 m. Highly branched, aromatic. Young branches are quadrangular, green, covered with coarse hairs; older branches are brown and round. Leaves are palmately compound, opposite, with 5 leaflets (rarely 3), the central one being the largest. Leaflets are lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, wedge-shaped at base, coarsely serrated margins, acuminate apex, green on upper surface, pale green beneath, usually pubescent. Terminal panicles, 10–20 cm long; calyx campanulate, 5-toothed; corolla pale purple, 5-lobed, bilabiate. Fruit is spherical, black. Flowering and fruiting from July to October.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于华东及河北、湖南、湖北、广东、广西、四川、贵州。
Distributed in East China, as well as Hebei, Hunan, Hubei, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, and Guizhou.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于低山向阳的山坡路边或灌丛中。
Found on sunny slopes of low mountains, along roadsides or in thickets.