酸模叶，中药名。为蓼科植物酸模RumexacetosaL.的茎叶。全国大部分地区有分布。具有泄热通便，利尿，凉血止血，解毒之功效。常用于便秘，小便不利，内痔出血，疮疡，丹毒，疥癣，湿疹，烫伤。
Suan-mo-ye, name of Chinese Medicinal Material. Rumex acetosa L.) refers to the stems and leaves of the Polygonaceae plant Rumex acetosa L. It is distributed in most parts of the country. It has the functions of clearing heat and promoting bowel movements, diuresis, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, and detoxification. It is commonly used for constipation, difficult urination, internal hemorrhoids bleeding, sores, erysipelas, scabies, eczema, and burns.

功效作用 Efficacy and Functions

泄热通便，利尿，凉血止血，解毒。
Clearing heat and promoting bowel movements, diuresis, cooling blood and stopping bleeding, detoxification.

主治 Indications

便秘，小便不利，内痔出血，疮疡，丹毒，疥癣，湿疹，烫伤。
Constipation, difficult urination, bleeding internal hemorrhoids, ulcers, erysipelas, scabies, eczema, and burns.

用法用量 Dosage and Administration

内服：煎汤，15-30g。外用：适量，捣敷；或研末调涂。
Internal use: Decoction, 15-30g. External use: Appropriate amount, pounded for application; or ground into powder for topical application.

药理作用 Pharmacological Actions

抗癌作用。
Anti-cancer effects.

相关论述 Relevant Discussions

《贵州民间方药集》：“外用消伤肿，疮毒，治疥癣。”
"The Collection of Folk Prescriptions in Guizhou": "Used externally to reduce swelling, detoxify, and treat scabies and ringworm."

临床应用 Clinical Application

1、治内痔出血：鲜酸模全草30-60g。捣烂取汁，调白糖30-60g，内服。（《全国中草药汇编》）

1. Treatment of internal hemorrhoids with bleeding: 30-60g of fresh whole herb of Rumex acetosa. Mash and extract the juice, mix with 30-60g of white sugar, and take orally. (From "Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicines")

2、治皮肤湿疹及烫火伤：酸模全草、椿根白皮各60g，桉树叶30g，冻青叶30g。共研细末，油调涂。（《常用中草药配方》）
2. Treatment of skin eczema and scalds: 60g each of whole herb of Rumex acetosa and white bark of Toona sinensis, 30g of eucalyptus leaves, and 30g of Ligustrum japonicum leaves. Grind into fine powder, mix with oil, and apply topically. (From "Common Chinese Herbal Formulas")

加工炮制 Processing and Preparation

采收加工：夏季采收，洗净，鲜用或晒干。
Harvest in summer, clean, and use fresh or dry in the sun.

药材鉴别 Identification of Medicinal Materials

药材性状：叶多皱缩。完整叶展平后基生叶有长柄，长可达15cm左右；茎生叶无柄或抱茎；叶片卵状长圆形，长5-15cm，宽2-5cm，先端钝或微尖，基部箭形或近戟形，全缘或微呈波状，叶表面不甚光滑，枯绿色；托叶鞘膜质，斜截形。气微，味苦、酸、涩。
The medicinal material characteristics: The leaves are wrinkled. When flattened, basal leaves have long petioles up to about 15cm; stem leaves are sessile or clasping; leaf blades are ovate-oblong, 5–15cm long, 2–5cm wide, blunt or slightly pointed at apex, arrow-shaped or nearly halberd-shaped at base, entire or slightly wavy margins, dull green surface not very smooth; stipule sheath is membranous and obliquely truncate. Slight odor, taste bitter, sour, and astringent.

植物学信息 Botanical Information

形态特征：多年生草本，高达1m。根为肉质须根，黄色。茎直立，通常不分枝，无毛，或稍有毛，具纵沟纹，中空。单叶互生；叶片卵状长圆形，长5-15cm，宽2-5cm，先端钝或尖，基部箭形或近戟形，全缘，有时略呈波状，上面无毛，下面及叶缘常具乳头状突起；茎上部叶较窄小，披针形，具短柄，或无柄且抱茎；基生叶有长柄；托叶鞘膜质，筒状，破裂。花单性，雌雄异株；花序顶生，狭圆锥状，分枝稀，花数朵簇生；雄花花被片6，椭圆形，排成2轮，内轮花被片长约3mm，外轮稍狭小；雄蕊6，花丝甚短；雌花的外轮花被片反折向下紧贴花梗，内轮花被片直立，花后增大包被果实，径约5mm，圆形，全缘，各有一不明显的瘤状突起；子房三棱形，柱头3，画笔状，紫红色。瘦果三棱形，黑色，有光泽。花期5-6月，果期7-8月。
Morphological characteristics: Perennial herb up to 1m tall. Roots fleshy, fibrous, yellow. Stem erect, usually unbranched, glabrous or slightly pubescent, longitudinally grooved, hollow. Leaves alternate; blade ovate-oblong, 5–15cm × 2–5cm, apex blunt or acute, base sagittate or subhastate, margin entire or slightly undulate, adaxial surface glabrous, abaxial surface and margins often papillose; upper stem leaves narrower, lanceolate, short-petiolate or sessile and amplexicaul; basal leaves long-petiolate; stipule sheaths membranous, tubular, lacerate. Flowers unisexual, plants dioecious. Inflorescence terminal, narrow panicle, sparsely branched, flowers in clusters. Male flowers with 6 elliptic tepals in two whorls; inner tepals ~3mm long, outer slightly smaller; 6 stamens with very short filaments. Female flowers with outer tepals reflexed and appressed to pedicel, inner tepals erect; after anthesis enlarging into fruit-covering structures ~5mm in diameter, circular, entire, each with an inconspicuous tubercle; ovary trigonous, stigma 3, brush-like, purplish-red. Fruit a lenticular achene, triangular, black, shiny. Flowering May–June, fruiting July–August.

分布区域 Distribution Area

分布于全国大部分地区。
Distributed in most parts of the country.

生长环境 Growing Environment

生于路边、山坡及湿地。
Found on roadsides, hillsides, and wetlands.