覆盆子

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蔷薇科植物华东覆盆子Rubus chingii Hu的干燥果实。夏初果实由绿变绿黄时采收，除去梗、叶，置沸水中略烫或略蒸，取出，干燥。
Raspberry Fruit is the dried fruit of Rubus chingii Hu (Fam. Rosaceae). The fruit is collected in early summer when it turns from green to greenish-yellow, removed from the stalk and leaves, slightly scalded or steamed, taken out, and dried.

性状 Description

本品为聚合果，由多数小核果聚合而成，呈圆锥形或扁圆锥形，高0.6～1.3cm，直径0.5~1.2cm。表面黄绿色或淡棕色，顶端钝圆，基部中心凹入。宿萼棕褐色，下有果梗痕。小果易剥落，每个小果呈半月形，背面密被灰白色茸毛，两侧有明显的网纹，腹部有突起的棱线。体轻，质硬。气微，味微酸涩。
Raspberry Fruit is an aggregate fruit formed by the aggregation of numerous drupelets. It is conical or obconical, measuring 0.6-1.3 cm in height and 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter. The surface is yellowish-green or light brown, with a blunt round top and a concave center at the base. The calyx is brownish-brown with a stalk scar at the bottom. The drupelets are easily detached, each being crescent-shaped, covered with grayish-white pubescence on the back, with obvious reticulate veins on both sides, and with raised ridges on the ventral surface. The fruit is light and hard. It has a slight odor and a slightly sour and astringent taste.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。非腺毛单细胞，长60～450μm，直径12～20μm，壁甚厚，木化，大多数具双螺纹，有的体部易脱落，足部残留而埋于表皮层，表面观圆多角形或长圆形，直径约至23μm，胞腔分枝，似石细胞状。草酸钙簇晶较多见，直径18～50μm。果皮纤维黄色，上下层纵横或斜向交错排列。
(1) The powder of Raspberry Fruit is brownish-yellow. Non-glandular trichomes are single cells, measuring 60-450μm in length and 12-20μm in diameter, with thick walls that are lignified. Most of them have double helices, and some of them are easily detached from the body, leaving the foot embedded in the epidermis. The surface appears round polygonal or elongated, with a diameter of about 23μm, and the cell cavity branches, resembling stone cells. Calcium oxalate clusters are more common, with a diameter of 18-50μm. The fibres of the fruit peel are yellow, arranged in a vertical and horizontal or oblique pattern in the upper and lower layers.

（2）取椴树苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取〔含量测定〕山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷项下的供试品溶液5μl，及上述对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水-甲酸（90∶4∶4∶0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，在105℃加热5分钟，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
(2) Take quercitrin CRS, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.1 mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of ethyl acetate, methanol, water, and formic acid (90:4:4:0.5) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of the test solution under the item of Quercetin-3-O-rhamnosylglucoside and 2 μl of the above-mentioned Reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a solution of aluminium chloride in chloroform, heat at 105°C for 5 minutes, and examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

鞣花酸 Ellagic acid

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of tannic acid <0512> by high performance liquid chromatography.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液（15：85）为流动相；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按鞣花酸峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (15:85) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 254nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the tannic acid peak should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取鞣花酸对照品适量，精密称定，加70%甲醇制成每1ml含5μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of tannic acid reference substance, accurately weigh, add 70% methanol to make a solution containing 5μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约0.5g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液1ml，置5ml量瓶中，用70%甲醇稀释至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 0.5g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of 70% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up the weight loss with 70% methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 1ml of the filtrate, place it in a 5ml volumetric flask, dilute with 70% methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含鞣花酸（C14H6O8）不得少于0.20%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of tannic acid (C14H6O8) should not be less than 0.20%.

山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷 Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside <0512> by high performance liquid chromatography.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液（15∶85）为流动相；检测波长为344nm。理论板数按山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷峰计算应不低于3000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use acetonitrile-0.2% phosphoric acid solution (15:85) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 344nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the quercetin-3-O-rutinoside peak should not be less than 3000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含80μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 80μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过四号筛）约1g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇50ml，称定重量，加热回流提取1小时，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，精密量取续滤液25ml，蒸干，残渣加水20ml使溶解，用石油醚（30～60℃）振摇提取3次，每次20ml，弃去石油醚液，再用水饱和正丁醇振摇提取3次，每次20ml，合并正丁醇液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇适量使溶解，转移至5ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 1g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 4 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of 70% methanol, weigh, heat under reflux for 1 hour, cool, weigh again, make up the weight loss with 70% methanol, shake well, filter, accurately take 25ml of the filtrate, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 20ml of water, extract with petroleum ether (30-60℃) for 3 times, each time with 20ml, discard the petroleum ether solution, then extract with water-saturated n-butanol for 3 times, each time with 20ml, combine the n-butanol solution, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in a suitable amount of methanol, transfer to a 5ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷（C27H30O15）不得少于0.03%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of quercetin-3-O-rutinoside (C27H30O15) should not be less than 0.03%.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

甘、酸。
Sweet and sour.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾、膀胱经。
Liver, kidney, and bladder meridians.

功能 Actions

益肾固精缩尿，养肝明目。
Tonify the kidney, consolidate essence, reduce urine, nourish the liver, and improve vision.

主治 Indications

用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，阳痿早泄，目暗昏花。
It is used for spermatorrhea and slippery spermatozoa, frequent urination, impotence and premature ejaculation, and darkness and dimness of the eyes.

用量 Dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Store in a dry place.

覆盆子

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为蔷薇科植物华东覆盆子Rubus chingii Hu的干燥果实。夏初果实由绿变绿黄时采收，除去梗、叶，置沸水中略烫或略蒸，取出，干燥。
Palmleaf Raspberry Fruit is the dried fruit of Rubus chingii Hu (Fam. Rosaceae). The drug is collected in early summer when it turns from green to greenish-yellow, removed from fruit stalk and leaf, treated with boiling water for a moment or steamed briefly, and dried.

性状 Description

本品为聚合果，由多数小核果聚合而成，呈圆锥形或扁圆锥形，高0.6～1.3cm，直径0.5～1.2cm。表面黄绿色或淡棕色，顶端钝圆，基部中心凹人。宿萼棕褐色，下有果梗痕。小果易剥落，每个小果呈半月形，背面密被灰白色茸毛，两侧有明显的网纹，腹部有突起的棱线。体轻，质硬。气微，味微酸涩。
Aggregate fruit consisting of numerous small drupes, conical or flattened-conical, 0.6-1.3 cm high, 0.5-1.2 cm in diameter. Externally yellowish-green or pale brown, apex obtuse, base depressed in the centre. Persistent calyx brown, with a scar of fruit stalk. Drupelets easily fallen, lunate, dorsal surface densely covered with greyish-white pubescences, reticulate striations distinct on both sides, ventral surface with prominent ridges. Texture hard and light. Odour, slight; taste, slightly sour and astringent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末棕黄色。非腺毛单细胞，长60～450μm，直径12～20μm，壁甚厚，木化，大多数具双螺纹，有的体部易脱落，足部残留而埋于表皮层，表面观圆多角形或长圆形，直径约至23μm，胞腔分枝，似石细胞状。草酸钙簇晶较多见，直径18～50μm。果皮纤维黄色，上下层纵横或斜向交错排列。
（2）取椴树苷对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含0.1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取〔含量测定〕山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷项下的供试品溶液5μl，及上述对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以乙酸乙酯-甲醇-水-甲酸（90：4：4：0.5）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以三氯化铝试液，在105℃加热5分钟，在紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-soluble ash

不得过2.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照水溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，不得少于9.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of water-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, not less than 9.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

鞣花酸 照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以乙腈-0.2%磷酸溶液（15：85）为流动相；检测波长为254nm。理论板数按鞣花酸峰计算应不低于3000。

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

甘、酸，温。归肝、肾、膀胱经。
Warm; sweet, sour. Liver, kidney and bladder meridians.

功能与主治 Actions

益肾固精缩尿，养肝明目。用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，阳痿早泄，目暗昏花。
To tonify the kidney, secure essence, reduce urination, nourish the liver and improve vision.

主治 Indications

用于遗精滑精，遗尿尿频，阳痿早泄，目暗昏花。
Seminal emission, spermatorrhea, enuresis, frequent urination, impotence, premature ejaculation, dim vision and blurry vision.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

6～12g。
6-12 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处。
Preserve in a dry place.