翼首草

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系藏族习用药材。为川续断科植物匙叶翼首草 Pterocephalus hookeri（C.B.Clarke）Höeck 的干燥全草。夏末秋初采挖，除去杂质，阴干。
Pterocephalus Herb is the dried whole herb of Pterocephalus hookeri (C.B.Clarke) Höeck (Fam. Valerianaceae). The drug is collected in late summer or early autumn, removed from impurities, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品根呈类圆柱形，长5～20cm，直径0.8～2.5cm；表面棕褐色或黑褐色，具扭曲的纵皱纹和黄白色点状须根痕，外皮易脱落；顶端常有数个麻花状扭曲的根茎丛生，有的上部密被褐色叶柄残基。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面不平坦，木部白色。叶基生，灰绿色，多破碎，完整叶片长披针形至长椭圆形，全缘，基部常羽状浅裂至中裂，两面均被粗毛。花茎被毛，头状花序近球形，直径0.8～2.5cm；花白色至淡黄色，萼片为羽毛状，多数。气微，味苦。
Roots cylindrical, 5-20cm long, 0.8-2.5cm in diameter; surface brownish-brown or blackish-brown, with twisted longitudinal wrinkles and yellowish-white point-like root scars, outer bark easily peeled off; apex often with several twisted root tubers, some densely covered with brown leaf stalk remnants. Light in weight, brittle in texture, easily broken, uneven fracture surface, white wood. Leaves basal, grayish-green, mostly fragmented, intact leaf blades lanceolate to elongate-elliptic, entire, basal often pinnately shallowly lobed to lobed, both surfaces covered with coarse hairs. Flower stems hairy, head-like inflorescence nearly spherical, 0.8-2.5cm in diameter; flowers white to pale yellow, sepals feather-like, mostly. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰棕色或灰绿色。非腺毛单细胞，长240～980μm，壁较光滑，有的壁上有细小的疣状突起。草酸钙簇晶直径12～56μm，单个散在或存在于薄壁细胞中，有的2～5个排列成行。导管多为网纹导管、螺纹导管，直径16～68μm。花粉粒淡黄色，类圆球形或长圆形，直径89～125μm，外壁具刺状突起，有3个萌发孔。
（1）The powder is grayish-brown or grayish-green. Non-glandular hairs are single-celled, 240-980μm long, with relatively smooth walls, and some walls have small wart-like protrusions. Calcium oxalate cluster crystals have a diameter of 12-56μm, and individual crystals are scattered or present in thin-walled cells, with 2-5 arranged in rows. The vessels are mostly reticulate vessels and spiral vessels, with a diameter of 16-68μm. Pollen grains are pale yellow, spherical or elongated, with a diameter of 89-125μm, and the outer wall has prickly protrusions, with 3 germination pores.

（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取熊果酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～8μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-丙酮（12∶1）为展开剂，薄层板置展开缸中预饱和10分钟，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。
（2）Take 1g of the powder, add 30ml of ether, sonicate for 30 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 2ml of methanol as the test solution. Take ursolic acid CRS, add methanol to produce a solution containing 1mg per ml as the Reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of chloroform and acetone (12:1) as the mobile phase. Place the plate in a developing cylinder and pre-saturate for 10 minutes, develop, remove, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under daylight and ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The spots or fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the Reference solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Determine by high-performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1mol/L乙酸铵溶液（85：15）为流动相；检测波长为210nm。理论板数按齐墩果酸峰计算应不低于8000。
Use octadecylsilane-bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.1mol/L ammonium acetate solution (85:15) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 210nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of oleanolic acid should not be less than 8000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取齐墩果酸对照品、熊果酸对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含齐墩果酸0.2mg、熊果酸0.8mg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of oleanolic acid reference substance and ursolic acid reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 0.2mg of oleanolic acid and 0.8mg of ursolic acid per ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，用少量甲醇洗涤滤渣及滤器，合并滤液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇适量使溶解，转移至10ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 2g of the powder of this product (passed through a No. 3 sieve), accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 50ml of methanol, seal the flask, weigh, treat with ultrasound (power 250W, frequency 40kHz) for 30 minutes, let it cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with methanol, shake well, filter, wash the residue and filter with a small amount of methanol, combine the filtrate, evaporate to dryness, dissolve the residue in a suitable amount of methanol, transfer to a 10ml volumetric flask, add methanol to the mark, shake well, filter, and take the subsequent filtrate.

测定法 Assay method

分别精密吸取上述两种对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10-20μl of the above two types of reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine.

本品按干燥品计算，含齐墩果酸（C30H48O3）和熊果酸（C30H48O3）的总量不得少于0.20%。
Calculated on the dried product, the total content of oleanolic acid (C30H48O3) and ursolic acid (C30H48O3) should not be less than 0.20%.

饮片 Prepared slices

翼首草 Pterocephalus Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切段，干燥。
Remove impurities, wash, cut into sections, and dry.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

无。
None.

功能 Actions

解毒除瘟，清热止痢，祛风通痹。
Detoxify and eliminate malaria, clear heat and stop dysentery, dispel wind and promote blood circulation.

主治 Indications

解毒除瘟，清热止痢，祛风通痹。
Detoxify and eliminate malaria, clear heat and stop dysentery, dispel wind and promote blood circulation.

用量 Dosage

1～3g。
1-3g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

注意 Precautions

有小毒。
Slightly toxic.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Store in a well-ventilated and dry place.

翼首草

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系藏族习用药材。为川续断科植物匙叶翼首草Pterocephalus hookeri（C.B.Clarke）Hoeck 的干燥全草。夏末秋初采挖，除去杂质，阴干。
Hooker Winghead Herb, a habitually used drug of the Tibetan nationality, is the dried herb of Pterocephalus hookeri(C.B.Clarke)Hoecck (Fam.Dipsacaceae). The drug is collected in later summer and early autumn, removed from foreign matter, and dried in the shade.

性状 Description

本品根呈类圆柱形，长5～20cm，直径0.8～2.5cm；表面棕褐色或黑褐色，具扭曲的纵皱纹和黄白色点状根痕，外皮易脱落；顶端常有数个麻花状扭曲的根茎丛生，有的上部密被褐色叶柄残基。体轻，质脆，易折断，断面不平坦，木部白色。叶基生，灰绿色，多破碎，完整叶片长披针形至长椭圆形，全缘，基部常羽状浅裂至中裂，两面均被粗毛。花茎被毛，头状花序近球形，直径0.8～2.5cm；花白色至淡黄色，萼片为羽毛状，多数。气微，味苦。
Roots subcylindrical, 5-20 cm long, 0.8-2.5 cm in diameter; externally brown or blackish-brown, twisted and longitudinally wrinkled, bearing yellowish-white dotted rootlet scars, outer bark easily fallen off; several fried dough-like twisted rhizomes tufted at the top, some covered with brown petiole scars at the upper part. Texture light, fragile, easily broken, fracture uneven, wood white. Leaves basal, greyish-green, mostly broken, when whole, long-lanceolate to long-elliptical, margin entire, base frequently pinnatilobate to pinnatifid, both surfaces covered with hairs. Floral stems covered with hairs, capitulum somewhat rounded, 0. 8-2. 5 cm in diameter; floret white to pale yellow, calyx plumage-shaped, numerous. Odour, slight; taste, bitter.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品粉末灰棕色或灰绿色。非腺毛单细胞，长240～980μm，壁较光滑，有的壁上有细小的疣状突起。草酸钙簇晶直径12～56μm，单个散在或存在于薄壁细胞中，有的2～5个排列成行。导管多为网纹导管、螺纹导管，直径16～68μm。花粉粒淡黄色，类圆球形或长圆形，直径89～125μm，外壁具刺状突起，有3个萌发孔。
（2）取本品粉末1g，加乙醚30ml，超声处理30分钟，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加甲醇2ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取熊果酸对照品，加甲醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各2～8μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷-丙酮（12：1）为展开剂，薄层板置展开缸中预饱和10分钟，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，分别置日光和紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点或荧光斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过15.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 15.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过6.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 6.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1mol/L乙酸铵溶液（85：15）为流动相；检测波长为210mn。理论板数按齐墩果酸峰计算应不低于 8000。
Chromatographic system and system suitability Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the stationary phase and a mixture of methanol and 0.1 mol/L ammonium acetate (85: 15) as the mobile phase. As detector a spectrophotometer set at 210 nm. The number of theoretical plates of the column is not less than 8000, calculated with reference to the peak of oleanolic acid.

对照品溶液的制备 取齐墩果酸对照品、熊果酸对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含齐墩果酸0.2mg、熊果酸0.8mg的溶液，即得。
Reference solution Dissolve a quantity of oleanolic acid CRS and ursolic acid CRS, accurately weighed, in methanol to prepare a mixture containing 0.2 mg of oleanolie acid and 0.8 mg of ursolic acid per ml as the reference solution.

供试品溶液的制备 取本品粉末（过三号筛）约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入甲醇50ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率250W，频率40kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，用少量甲醇洗涤滤渣及滤器，合并滤液，蒸干，残渣加甲醇适量使溶解，转移至10ml量瓶中，加甲醇至刻度，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Test solution Weigh accurately 2 g of the powder (through No. 3 sieve) to a stoppered conical flask, add accurately 50 ml of methanol and weigh. Ultrasonicate (power 250 W, frequency 40 kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, compensate the loss of the weight with methanol, mix well and filter. Wash the residue and the filter with a small quantity of methanol, combine the filtrate and evaporate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in a quantity of methanol, transfer to a 10 ml volumetric flask, dilute with methanol to volume; mix well, and filter. Use the successive filtrate as the test solution.

测定法 分别精密吸取上述两种对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10～20μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Procedure Inject accurately 10-20 μl of each of the reference solution and the test solution, respectively, into the column, and calculate the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含齐墩果酸（C30H48O3）和熊果酸（C30H48O3）的总量不得少于0.20%。
It contains not less than 0.20 per cent of the total amount of oleanolic acid (CHO) and ursolic acid (CHO), calculated with reference to the dried drug.

饮片 Prepared slices

翼首草 Hooker Winghead

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，洗净，切段，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, wash clean, cut into sections, and dry.

性 Property

苦，寒；有小毒。
Bitter; cold; slightly toxic.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

功能与主治 Actions

解毒除瘟，清热止痢，祛风通痹。
To remove toxin, dispel pestilence, clear heat, stop dysentery, dispel wind and relieve impediment.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

1～3g。
1-3 g.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.