藏菖蒲

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系藏族习用药材。为天南星科植物藏菖蒲 Acorus calamus L.的干燥根茎。秋、冬二季采挖，除去须根和泥沙，晒干。
Calamus Rhizome is the dried rhizome of Acorus calamus L. (Fam. Araceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter, removed from fibrous roots and sand, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆柱形，略弯曲，长4～20cm，直径0.8～2cm。表面灰棕色至棕褐色，节明显，节间长0.5～1.5cm，具纵皱纹，一面具密集圆点状根痕；叶痕呈斜三角形，左右交互排列，侧面茎基痕周围常残留有鳞片状叶基和毛发状须根。质硬，断面淡棕色，内皮层环明显，可见众多棕色油细胞小点。气浓烈而特异，味辛。
Rhizomes flattened cylindrical, slightly curved, 4-20 cm long, 0.8-2 cm in diameter. Surface grayish-brown to brownish-brown, with distinct nodes, internodes 0.5-1.5 cm long, longitudinally wrinkled, one side with dense circular root scars; leaf scars obliquely triangular, alternate on the left and right sides, often with scale-like leaf bases and hairy fibrous roots remaining around the stem base. Texture hard, fracture light brown, endodermis ring obvious, numerous small brown oil cells visible. Odour, strong and characteristic; taste, pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面∶表皮细胞类方形，外壁增厚，棕褐色。皮层宽广，可见通气组织，由薄壁细胞构成，排列成网状，有大型腔隙；散有纤维束和叶迹维管束，叶迹维管束外韧型；内皮层明显。中柱散生多数维管束，周木型和外韧型。薄壁组织中散有棕色油细胞。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
(1) Transverse section: Epidermal cells square-like, with thickened outer walls, brownish-brown. Cortex wide, with aerenchyma visible, composed of thin-walled cells, arranged in a reticulate pattern, with large cavities; scattered with fiber bundles and leaf trace vascular bundles, the leaf trace vascular bundles are exarch; endodermis obvious. Central cylinder with numerous scattered vascular bundles, both collateral and exarch. Thin-walled tissue scattered with brown oil cells. Thin-walled cells contain starch grains.

（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙醇5ml，加热回流20分钟，放冷，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取藏菖蒲对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的主斑点。
(2) Take 2g of the powder, add 5ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 20 minutes, cool, and take the supernatant as the test solution. Take another 2g of the reference drug Calamus Rhizome, and prepare the reference drug solution by the same method. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and chloroform as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 5 μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. The main spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过8.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent <2302>.

含量测定 Assay

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of volatile oil <2204>.

本品含挥发油不得少于2.0%（ml/g）。
The content of volatile oil shall not be less than 2.0% (ml/g).

饮片 Prepared slices

藏菖蒲 Calamus Rhizome

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, cut into slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品为扁圆形、长条形或不规则的厚片。外表皮灰棕色至棕褐色，具纵皱纹，有些具螺纹，有的可见圆点状根痕；侧面茎基痕周围残留有鳞片状叶基和毛发状须根。质硬且脆，易折断。切面纤维性，类白色、淡黄色或黄棕色，内皮层环明显，可见众多维管束小点。气浓烈而特异，味辛。
This product is flat round, long strip or irregular thick sheet. The outer epidermis is grey-brown to brown, with longitudinal wrinkles, some with threads, some can be seen dotted root scars; lateral stem base scars around the residual scale-like leaf base and hair-like fibrous roots. Hard and brittle, easily broken. The cut surface is fibrous, whitish, yellowish or yellowish brown, with obvious endothelial rings and numerous vascular dots. The odour is strong and peculiar, pungent.

性 Property

温、燥、锐。
Warm, dry, and acrid.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

功能 Actions

温胃，消炎止痛。
To warm the stomach, relieve inflammation, and alleviate pain.

主治 Indications

用于补胃阳，消化不良，食物积滞，白喉，炭疽等。
Used for tonifying stomach yang, indigestion, food stagnation, diphtheria, anthrax, etc.

用量 Dosage

3～6 g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a well-ventilated and dry place.

藏菖蒲

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品系藏族习用药材。为天南星科植物藏菖蒲Acorus calamus L.的干燥根茎。秋、冬二季采挖，除去须根和泥沙，晒干。
Tibet Sweetflag Rhizome is a drug commonly used by Tibetan nationality. It is the dried rhizome of Acorus calamus L, (Fam. Araceae). The drug is collected in autumn and winter, removed from fibrous roots and soil, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈扁圆柱形，略弯曲，长4～20cm，直径0.8～2cm。表面灰棕色至棕褐色，节明显，节间长0.5～1.5cm，具纵皱纹，一面具密集圆点状根痕；叶痕呈斜三角形，左右交互排列，侧面茎基痕周围常残留有鳞片状叶基和毛发状须根。质硬，断面淡棕色，内皮层环明显，可见众多棕色油细胞小点。气浓烈而特异，味辛。
Compressed-cylindrical, slightly curved, 4-20 cm long, 0.8-2 cm in diameter. Externally greyish-brown to brown, nodes distinct, internodes 0.5-1.5 cm long, with longitudinal wrinkles, one surface with dense and rounded remains of fibrous roots； leaf scars obliquely triangular, arranged alternately, stem-base remains at the lateral surface surrounded by remains of scaly leaf bases and hairy fibrous roots. Texture hard, fracture pale brown, an endodermis ring distinct, numerous brown dotted oil cells visible. Odour, strong and characteristic； taste, pungent.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品横切面：表皮细胞类方形，外壁增厚，棕褐色。皮层宽广，可见通气组织，由薄壁细胞构成，排列成网状，有大型腔隙；散有纤维束和叶基维管束，叶基维管束外靭型；内皮层明显。中柱散生多数维管束，周木型和外韧型。薄壁组织中散有棕色油细胞。薄壁细胞含淀粉粒。
（2）取本品粉末2g，加乙醇5ml，加热回流20分钟，放冷，取上清液作为供试品溶液。另取藏菖蒲对照药材2g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各5u1，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以三氯甲烷为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点。

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过8.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent (0832, method 4).

总灰分 Total ash

不得过8.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 8.0 per cent (2302).

含量测定 Assay

照挥发油测定法（通则2204）测定。
本品含挥发油不得少于2.0%（ml/g）。

饮片 Prepared slices

藏菖蒲 Tibet Sweetflag

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，切片，干燥。
Eliminate foreign matter, cut into slices, and dry.

性 Property

温、燥、锐。
Warm, dry, and sharp.

味 Flavor

苦、辛。
Bitter and pungent.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

温胃，消炎止痛。用于补胃阳，消化不良，食物积滞，白喉，炭疽等。
To warm the stomach, reduce inflammation, and relieve pain. Used for tonifying stomach yang, dyspepsia, food retention, diphtheria, and anthrax, etc.

用量 Dosage

3～6g。
3-6 g.

用法 Administration

口服。
Oral administration.

贮藏 Storage

置通风干燥处。
Preserve in a ventilated and dry place.