薤白

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物小根蒜Allium macrostemon Bge.或薤Allium chinense G. Don的干燥鳞茎。夏、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，蒸透或置沸水中烫透，晒干。
Allium Macrostemon Bulb is the dried bulb of Allium macrostemon Bge. or Allium chinense G. Don (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, washed, removed from rootlets, steamed or scalded in boiling water, and dried.

性状 Description

小根蒜 Allium Macrostemon Bulb

呈不规则卵圆形，高0.5～1.5cm，直径0.5～1.8cm。表面黄白色或淡黄棕色，皱缩，半透明，有类白色膜质鳞片包被，底部有突起的鳞茎盘。质硬，角质样。有蒜臭，味微辣。
Allium Macrostemon Bulb is irregularly ovate, 0.5-1.5cm high, 0.5-1.8cm in diameter. Surface yellowish-white or pale yellow-brown, wrinkled, semi-transparent, covered with white membranous scales, with a raised bulb plate at the base. Texture hard, horny. Odour, garlic-like; taste, slightly pungent.

薤 Allium chinense G. Don

呈略扁的长卵形，高1～3cm，直径0.3～1.2cm。表面淡黄棕色或棕褐色，具浅纵皱纹。质较软，断面可见鳞叶2～3层。嚼之粘牙。
Allium chinense G. Don is slightly flattened and elongated-ovoid, 1-3cm high, 0.3-1.2 cm in diameter. Surface pale yellow-brown or brownish-brown, with shallow longitudinal wrinkles. Texture relatively soft, with 2-3 layers of scales visible on the section. Chewing causes sticking to the teeth.

鉴别 Identification

（1）小根蒜粉末黄白色。较老的鳞叶外表皮细胞，细胞壁稍连珠状增厚。鳞叶内表皮细胞呈类长方形，长68～197μm，宽29～76μm，细胞排列紧密。草酸钙柱晶多见，长（7）～17～29μm。气孔少见，多为不定式，副卫细胞4个。螺纹导管直径12～17μm。薤拥有鳞叶外表皮细胞，细胞壁无明显增厚。鳞叶内表皮细胞较大，长258～668μm。
（1）Powder of Allium Macrostemon Bulb is yellowish-white. The outer epidermal cells of older scales have slightly bead-like thickened walls. The inner epidermal cells of scales are oblong, measuring 68-197μm in length and 29-76μm in width, with close arrangement. Calcium oxalate prisms are commonly seen, measuring (7)-17-29μm in length. Stomata are rare and mostly anomocytic, with 4 subsidiary cells. Spiral vessels have a diameter of 12-17μm. The outer epidermal cells of Allium chinense G. Don have no obvious thickening of cell walls. The inner epidermal cells of scales are larger, measuring 258-668μm in length.

（2）取本品粉末4g，加正己烷20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加正己烷1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取薤白对照药材4g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10 μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-乙酸乙酯（10:1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
（2）To 4g of the powder add 20ml of n-hexane, treat with ultrasound for 20 minutes, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1ml of n-hexane as the test solution. Take 4g of the reference drug Allium Macrostemon Bulb, and prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (10:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 10μl of each of the above two solutions. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105°C to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365nm. The fluorescent spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and colour to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 4>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用75%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using 75% ethanol as the solvent,not less than 30.0 per cent.

性 Property

温。
Warm.

味 Flavor

辛、苦。
Pungent and bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归心、肺、胃、大肠经。
Heart, lung, stomach, and large intestine meridians.

功能 Actions

通阳散结，行气导滞。
To promote yang and disperse stagnation, regulate qi and relieve stagnation.

主治 Indications

用于胸痹心痛，脘腹痞满胀痛，泻痢后重。
Used for chest pain, epigastric distension and fullness, and recurrent diarrhea.

用量 Dosage

5～10g。
5-10g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protect from moth.

薤白

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为百合科植物小根蒜Allium macrostemon Bge. 或薤Allium chinense G. Don的干燥鳞茎。夏、秋二季采挖，洗净，除去须根，蒸透或置沸水中烫透，晒干。
Longstamen Onion Bulb is the dried bulb of Allium macrostemon Bge. or Allium chinensis G. Don (Fam. Liliaceae). The drug is collected in summer and autumn, washed clean, removed from fibrous root, steamed thoroughly or scalded thoroughly in boiling water, and dried in the sun.

性状 Description

小根蒜 呈不规则卵圆形，高 0.5～1.5cm，直径0.5～1.8cm。表面黄白色或淡黄棕色，皱缩，半透明，有类白色膜质鳞片包被，底部有突起的鳞茎盘。质硬，角质样。有蒜臭，味微辣。
Bulb of Allium macrostemon Irregularly ovoid, 0.5-1.5 cm high, 0.5-1.8 cm in diameter. Exter-nally yellowish-white or pale yellowish-brown, crumpled, translucent, bearing whitish membranous scales, with bulged plateau at base. Texture hard, horny. Odour, alliaceous; taste, slightly pungent.

薤 呈略扁的长卵形，高1～3cm，直径0.3～1.2cm。表面淡黄棕色或棕褐色，具浅纵皱纹。质较软，断面可见鳞叶2～3层。嚼之粘牙。
Bulb of Allium chinensis Slightly compressed long-ovate, 1-3 cm high, 0.3-1.2 cm in diameter. Externally pale yellowish-brown or brown, marked with shallowly longitudinal wrinkles. Texture rather soft, cut surface showing 2-3 layers of scale leaves, sticky to teeth on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）小根蒜 粉末黄白色。较老的鳞叶外表皮细胞，细胞壁稍连珠状增厚。鳞叶内表皮细胞呈类长方形，长68～197μm，宽29～76μm，细胞排列紧密。草酸钙柱晶多见，长（7）～17～29μm。气孔少见，多为不定式，副卫细胞4个。螺纹导管直径12～17μm。
Bulb of Allium macrostemon Powder yellowish-white. Outer epidermal cells of relatively older scale leaves with slightly beaded thickened walls. Inner epidermal cells subrectangular, 68-197 μm long, 29-76 μm wide, densely arranged. Prisms of calcium oxalate frequently visible, (7-)17-29 μm long. Stomata seldom visible, mostly anomocytic, with 4 subsidiary cells. Spiral vessels 12-17 μm in diameter.

薤 鳞叶外表皮细胞，细胞壁无明显增厚。鳞叶内表皮细胞较大，长258～668μm。
Bulb of Allium chinensis Outer epidermal cells of scale leaves with indistinct thickened walls. Inner epidermal cells relatively larger, 258-668 μm.

（2）取本品粉末4g，加正己烷20ml，超声处理20分钟，滤过，滤液挥干，残渣加正己烷1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取薤白对照药材4g，同法制成对照药材溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取上述两种溶液各10μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以正己烷-乙酸乙脂（10：1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在105℃加热至斑点显色清晰，置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
To 4g of the powder add 20 ml of n-hexane, ultrasonicate for 20 minutes, filter and evaporate the filtrate to dryness. Dissolve the residue in 1 ml of n-hexane as the test solution. Prepare a solution of 4g of Allii Macrostemonis Bulbus reference drug in the same manner as the reference drug solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography <0502>, using silica gel G as the costing substance and a mixture of n-hexane and ethyl acetate (10 : 1)as the mobile phase. Apply separately 10 μl of each of the above two solutions to the plate. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air, Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 105℃ to the spots clear. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm. The fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatogram obtained with the reference drug solution.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

不得过10.0%（通则0832第四法）。
Not more than 10.0 per cent <0832,method 4>

总灰分 Total ash

不得过5.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 5.0 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用75%乙醇作溶剂，不得少于30.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives <2201, the hot extraction method>, using 75%ethanol as the solvent, not less than 30.0 per cent.

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

辛、苦，温。归心、肺、胃、大肠经。
Warm; pungent and bitter. Heart, lung, stomach and large intestine meridians.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

通阳散结，行气导滞。用于胸痹心痛，脘腹痞满胀痛，泻痢后重。
To unblock yang, dissipate bind, move qi and remove stagnation. Used for chest bi disorder with heart pain, stuffiness, fullness and distending pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, and tenesmus in diarrhea and dysentery.

用法与用量 Administration and Dosage

5～10g.
5-10 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.