槲寄生

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桑寄生科植物槲寄生Viscum coloratum （Komar.） Nakai的干燥带叶茎枝。冬季至次春采割，除去粗茎，切段，干燥，或蒸后干燥。
Mistletoe Herb is the dried stem and branch with leaves of Viscum coloratum (Komar.) Nakai (Fam. Loranthaceae). The drug is collected in winter to early spring, removed from coarse stem, cut into sections, and dried, or steamed and dried.

性状 Description

本品茎枝呈圆柱形，2～5叉状分枝，长约30cm，直径0.3～1cm；表面黄绿色、金黄色或黄棕色，有纵皱纹；节膨大，节上有分枝或枝痕；体轻，质脆，易折断，断面不平坦，皮部黄色，木部色较浅，射线放射状，髓部常偏向一边。叶对生于枝梢，易脱落，无柄；叶片呈长椭圆状披针形，长2～7cm，宽0.5～1.5cm；先端钝圆，基部楔形，全缘；表面黄绿色，有细皱纹，主脉5出，中间3条明显；革质。气微，味微苦，嚼之有黏性。
Stems cylindrical, 2-5-furcate, about 30 cm long, 0.3-1 cm in diameter; externally yellowish-green, golden-yellow or yellow-brown, longitudinally wrinkled; nodes swollen, with branches or branch scars; light in weight, brittle in texture, easily broken, uneven on the fracture surface; yellow in bark, lighter in wood, rays radiate, pith often deviating to one side. Leaves opposite, falling off easily, without petiole; leaf blade elongate-elliptical or lanceolate, 2-7 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; apex obtuse-rounded, base wedge-shaped, entire; upper surface yellowish-green, with fine wrinkles, 5-veined from the base, middle 3 veins distinct; leathery. Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter, sticky when chewed.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞长方形，外被黄绿色角质层，厚19～80μm。皮层较宽广，纤维数十个成束，微木化；老茎石细胞甚多，单个散在或数个成群，韧皮部较窄，老茎散有石细胞。形成层不明显。木质部散有纤维束；导管周围纤维甚多，并有少数异形细胞。髓明显。薄壁细胞含草酸钙簇晶和少数方晶。
Transverse section of stem: Epidermal cells rectangular, with a yellowish-green cuticle, 19-80 μm thick. Cortex broad, with several tens of fibres in bundles, slightly lignified; numerous stone cells scattered singly or in groups in the old stem; phloem relatively narrow, with scattered stone cells in the old stem. Cambium indistinct. Xylem with scattered fibres; numerous fibres around the vessels, and a few sclereids. Pith distinct. Thin-walled cells containing clusters of calcium oxalate crystals and a few prisms.

本品茎粉末淡黄色。表皮碎片黄绿色，细胞类长方形，可见气孔。纤维成束，直径10～34μm，壁较厚，略成波状，微木化。异形细胞形状不规则，壁较厚，微木化，胞腔大。草酸钙簇晶直径17～45μm；方晶较少，直径8～30μm。石细胞类方形、类多角形或不规则形，直径42～102μm。
Powder: pale yellow. Epidermal fragments yellowish-green, cells rectangular, with visible stomata. Fibres in bundles, 10-34 μm in diameter, walls thick, slightly wavy, slightly lignified. Sclereids irregular in shape, walls thick, slightly lignified, lumina large. Calcium oxalate clusters 17-45 μm in diameter; prisms few, 8-30 μm in diameter. Stone cells square, polygonal or irregular in shape, 42-102 μm in diameter.

（2）取本品粉末1.5g，加乙醇30ml，加热回流30分钟，放冷，滤过，滤液蒸干，残渣加无水乙醇1ml使溶解，作为供试品溶液。另取槲寄生对照药材1.5g，同法制成对照药材溶液，再取齐墩果酸对照品，加无水乙醇制成每1ml含1mg的溶液，作为对照品溶液。照薄层色谱法（通则0502）试验，吸取供试品溶液和对照药材溶液各4μl、对照品溶液2μl，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板上，以环己烷-乙酸乙酯-冰醋酸（20∶6∶1）为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以10%硫酸乙醇溶液，在80℃加热至斑点显色清晰。供试品色谱中，在与对照药材色谱和对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同颜色的斑点；再置紫外光灯（365nm）下检视，显相同颜色的荧光斑点。
To 1.5 g of the powder add 30 ml of ethanol, heat under reflux for 30 minutes, cool, filter, evaporate the filtrate to dryness, dissolve the residue in 1 ml of anhydrous ethanol as the test solution. Take 1.5 g of the reference drug of Mistletoe Herb, prepare the reference drug solution in the same manner, and take oleanolic acid CRS as the reference substance, dissolve it in anhydrous ethanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution. Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography<0502>, using silica gel G as the coating substance and a mixture of cyclohexane, ethyl acetate and glacial acetic acid (20:6:1) as the mobile phase. Apply separately to the plate 4 μl of the test solution and the reference drug solution, and 2 μl of the reference solution. After developing and removal of the plate, dry in air. Spray with a 10% solution of sulfuric acid in ethanol, heat at 80°C to the spots clear. The spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution. Examine under ultraviolet light at 365 nm, the fluorescent spots in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution correspond in position and colour to the fluorescent spots in the chromatograms obtained with the reference drug solution and the reference solution.

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2.0 per cent <2301>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832,method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble Extractives <2201,the hot maceration method>, using ethanol as the solvent,not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Content determination

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for determination of content by high performance liquid chromatography <0512>.

色谱条件与系统适用性试验 Chromatographic conditions and system suitability test

以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂；以甲醇-0.1%磷酸溶液（15∶85）为流动相；检测波长为264nm。理论板数按紫丁香苷峰计算应不低于5000。
Use octadecylsilane bonded silica gel as the filler; use methanol-0.1% phosphoric acid solution (15:85) as the mobile phase; detect at a wavelength of 264nm. The theoretical plate number calculated based on the peak of syringin should not be less than 5000.

对照品溶液的制备 Preparation of reference solution

取紫丁香苷对照品适量，精密称定，加甲醇制成每1ml含50μg的溶液，即得。
Take an appropriate amount of syringin reference substance, accurately weigh, add methanol to make a solution containing 50μg per 1ml.

供试品溶液的制备 Preparation of test solution

取本品细粉约2g，精密称定，置具塞锥形瓶中，精密加入70%甲醇25ml，密塞，称定重量，超声处理（功率300W，频率25kHz）30分钟，放冷，再称定重量，用70%甲醇补足减失的重量，摇匀，滤过，取续滤液，即得。
Take about 2g of the powder of this medicinal material, accurately weigh, place it in a stoppered conical flask, accurately add 25ml of 70% methanol, seal tightly, weigh, subject to ultrasonic treatment (power 300W, frequency 25kHz) for 30 minutes, cool, weigh again, make up for the weight loss with 70% methanol, shake well, filter, and take the filtrate.

测定法 Determination method

分别精密吸取对照品溶液与供试品溶液各10μl，注入液相色谱仪，测定，即得。
Accurately take 10μl of the reference solution and the test solution, inject them into the liquid chromatograph, and determine the content.

本品按干燥品计算，含紫丁香苷（C17H24O9）不得少于0.040%。
Calculated on the dried product, the content of syringin (C17H24O9) should not be less than 0.040%.

饮片 Prepared slices

槲寄生 Mistletoe Herb

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略洗，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash briefly, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry in the sun.

性状 Description

本品呈不规则的厚片。茎外皮黄绿色、黄棕色或棕褐色。切面皮部黄色，木部浅黄色，有放射状纹理，髓部常偏向一边。叶片黄绿色或黄棕色，全缘，有细皱纹；革质。气微，味微苦，嚼之有黏性。
This product is in irregular thick slices. The outer bark of the stem is yellowish green, yellowish brown or brownish. The cut surface is yellow in the cortex, light yellow in the wood, with radial texture, and the pith is often biased to one side. Leaf blade yellowish green or yellowish brown, entire, finely wrinkled; leathery. Gas faint, taste slightly bitter, chewing viscous.

含量测定 Content determination

同药材，含紫丁香苷（C17H24O9）不得少于0.025%。
The same herb, containing not less than 0.025% lilacoside (C17H24O9).

鉴别 Identification

（除茎横切面外）同药材。
(Except stem cross section) Same as the crude drug.

检查 Examination

水分 Water

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

总灰分 Total ash

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

浸出物 Extractives

同药材。
Same as the crude drug.

性 Property

平。
Neutral.

味 Flavor

苦
Bitter

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、肾经。
Liver and kidney meridians.

功能 Actions

祛风湿，补肝肾，强筋骨，安胎元。
To dispel wind and dampness, tonify the liver and kidneys, strengthen tendons and bones, and stabilize the fetus.

主治 Indications

用于风湿痹痛，腰膝酸软，筋骨无力，崩漏经多，妊娠漏血，胎动不安，头晕目眩。
Used for rheumatic arthralgia, soreness and weakness of the waist and knees, weakness of tendons and bones, excessive menstrual flow, bleeding during pregnancy, restless fetal movement, dizziness, and vertigo.

用量 Dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

用法 Administration

无。
None.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Store in a dry place, protect from moth.

槲寄生

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为桑寄生科植物槲寄生Viscum coloratum（Komar.）Nakai的干燥带叶茎枝。冬季至次春采割，除去粗茎，切段，干燥，或蒸后干燥。
Coloured Mistletoe Herb is the dried stem and branch with leaf of Viscum coloratum (Komar.) Nakai (Fam. Loranthaceae). The drug is collected from winter to spring, removed from thick stem, cut into section, and dried or dried after steaming.

性状 Description

本品茎枝呈圆柱形，2～5叉状分枝，长约30cm，直径0.3～1cm；表面黄绿色、金黄色或黄棕色，有纵皱纹；节膨大，节上有分枝或枝痕；体轻，质脆，易折断，断面不平坦，皮部黄色，木部色较浅，射线放射状，髓部常偏向一边。叶对生于枝梢，易脱落，无柄；叶片呈长椭圆状披针形，长2～7cm，宽0.5～1.5cm；先端純圆，基部楔形，全缘；表面黄绿色，有细皱纹，主脉5出，中间3条明显；革质。气微，味微苦，嚼之有黏性。
Stems cylindrical, 2-5 branched in fork shape, about 30 cm long, 0.3-1 cm in diameter; externally yellowish-green, golden-yellow or yellowish-brown, with longitudinal wrinkles; nodes swollen, with branches or scars of branches.Texture light and fragile, easily broken; fracture uneven, bark yellow, wood pale yellow, rays radial, pith often inclined to one side.Leaves opposite on the tips of branches, easily fallen off, sessile; lamina long-elliptical-lanceolate, 2-7 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide; apex obtusely rounded, base cuneate, margin entire; externally yellowish-green, with fine wrinkles, quinquenervis, the middle 3 distinct.Texture leathery.Odour, slight; taste, slightly bitter, sticky on chewing.

鉴别 Identification

（1）本品茎横切面：表皮细胞长方形，外被黄绿色角质层，厚19～80μm。皮层较宽广，纤维数十个成束，微木化；老茎石细胞甚多，单个散在或数个成群，韧皮部较窄，老茎散有石细胞。形成层不明显。木质部散有纤维束；导管周围纤维甚多，并有少数异形细胞。髓明显。薄壁细胞含草酸钙簇晶和少数方晶。
本品茎粉末淡黄色。表皮碎片黄绿色，细胞类长方形，可见气孔。纤维成束，直径10～34μm，壁较厚，略成波状，微木化。异形细胞形状不规则，壁较厚，微木化，胞腔大。草酸钙簇晶直径17～45μm；方晶较少，直径8～30μm。石细胞类方形、类多角形或不规则形，直径42～102μm。

检查 Examination

杂质 Foreign matter

不得过2%（通则2301）。
Not more than 2 per cent <2302>.

水分 Water

不得过12.0%（通则0832第二法）。
Not more than 12.0 per cent <0832, method 2>.

总灰分 Total ash

不得过9.0%（通则2302）。
Not more than 9.0 per cent <2302>.

酸不溶性灰分 Acid-insoluble ash

不得过2.5%（通则2302）。
Not more than 2.5 per cent <2302>.

浸出物 Extractives

照醇溶性浸出物测定法（通则2201）项下的热浸法测定，用乙醇作溶剂，不得少于20.0%。
Carry out the method for determination of ethanol-soluble extractives<2201, the hot extraction method>, using ethanol as the solvent, not less than 20.0 per cent.

含量测定 Assay

照高效液相色谱法（通则0512）测定。
Carry out the method for high performance liquid chromatography<0512>.

饮片 Prepared slices

槲寄生 Coloured Mistletoe

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，略洗，润透，切厚片，干燥。
Eliminate Foreign matter, wash briefly, soften thoroughly, cut into thick slices, and dry.

本品呈不规则的厚片。茎外皮黄绿色、黄棕色或棕褐色。切面皮部黄色，木部浅黄色，有放射状纹理，髓部常偏向一边。叶片黄绿色或黄棕色，全缘，有细皱纹；革质。气微，味微苦，嚼之有黏性。
Thick slices irregular. Externally yellowish-green, yellowish-brown or brown. Cut surface yellow in bark, wood pale yellow, with radial striations, pith often inclined to one side. Leaves yellowish-green or yellowish-brown, margin entire, with fine wrinkles. Texture leathery.

含量测定 Assay

同药材，含紫丁香苷（C17H24O9）不得少于0.025%。
Same as the crude drug, it contains not less than 0.025% of syringoside (CHO).

鉴别 Identification

（除茎横切面外）
（水分总灰分）

性味与归经 Property and Flavor

苦，平。归肝、肾经。
Neutral; bitter.

功能与主治 Actions and Indications

祛风湿，补肝肾，强筋骨，安胎元。用于风湿痹痛，腰膝酸软，筋骨无力，崩漏经多，妊娠漏血，胎动不安，头晕目眩。
To dispel wind-dampness, tonify liver-kidney, strengthen sinews and bones, and prevent miscarriage.

用法与用量 Administration and dosage

9～15g。
9-15 g.

贮藏 Storage

置干燥处，防蛀。
Preserve in a dry place, and protect from moth.