赭石

中文文本参考：《中国药典（2020年版）》
English text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为氧化物类矿物刚玉族赤铁矿，主含三氧化二铁（Fe2O3）。采挖后，除去杂石。
Haematite is the oxide mineral of the corundum group, mainly containing ferric oxide (Fe2O3). After mining, it is purified by removing impurities.

性状 Description

本品为鲕状、豆状、肾状集合体，多呈不规则的扁平块状。暗棕红色或灰黑色，条痕樱红色或红棕色，有的有金属光泽。一面多有圆形的突起，习称 “钉头”另一面与突起相对应处有同样大小的凹窝。体重，质硬，砸碎后断面显层叠状。气微，味淡。
Haematite is reniform, bean-shaped, or kidney-shaped aggregates, often irregularly flattened. It is dark reddish-brown or grayish-black in color, with a cherry-red or reddish-brown streak, and some have a metallic luster. One side often has circular protrusions, commonly known as "nail heads," and the other side has corresponding depressions of the same size as the protrusions. It is heavy and hard, and the fractured surface shows a layered structure. It has a slight odor and a mild taste.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末0.1g，加盐酸2ml，振摇，滤过，取滤液2滴，加硫氰酸铵试液2滴，溶液即显血红色；另取滤液2滴，加亚铁氰化钾试液1～2滴，即生成蓝色沉淀；再加25%氢氧化钠溶液5～6滴，沉淀变成棕色。
To 0.1g of the powder add 2 ml of hydrochloric acid, shake, filter, take 2 drops of the filtrate, add 2 drops of ammonium thiocyanate test solution, the solution turns blood red; take another 2 drops of the filtrate, add 1-2 drops of potassium ferrocyanide test solution, a blue precipitate is formed; then add 5-6 drops of 25% sodium hydroxide solution, the precipitate turns brown.

含量测定 Content Determination

取本品细粉约0.25g，精密称定，照磁石〔含量测定〕项下的方法测定，即得。
Take about 0.25g of the fine powder, accurately weigh, and determine the content according to the method under the item "Magnetic Measurement" to obtain the result.

本品含铁（Fe）不得少于45.0%。
The content of iron (Fe) in this product should not be less than 45.0%.

饮片 Prepared Slices

赭石 Haematite

炮制 Processing

除去杂质，砸碎。
Remove impurities and crush.

煅赭石 Calcined Haematite

炮制 Processing

取净赭石，砸成碎块，照煅淬法（通则0213）煅至红透，醋淬，碾成粗粉。
Take purified haematite, crush it into pieces, calcine it according to the method of calcination and quenching <0213> until it turns red, quench it with vinegar, and grind it into coarse powder.

每100kg赭石，用醋30kg。
For every 100kg of haematite, use 30kg of vinegar.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、心、肺、胃经。
Liver, heart, lung, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

平肝潜阳，重镇降逆，凉血止血。
It calms the liver and suppresses yang, strongly suppresses the reversal of qi, cools the blood, and stops bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于眩晕耳鸣，呕吐，噫气，呃逆，喘息，吐血，衄血，崩漏下血。
It is used for dizziness, tinnitus, vomiting, belching, hiccup, wheezing, vomiting blood, nosebleed, and excessive uterine bleeding.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。
9-30g.

用法 Administration

先煎。
Decoct first.

注意 Precautions

孕妇慎用。
Pregnant women should use with caution.

贮藏 Storage

无。
None.

赭石

文本参考：《中国药典（2015年版）》
Text reference: Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 Edition)

概述 Overview

本品为氧化物类矿物刚玉族赤铁矿，主含三氧化二铁（Fe203）。采挖后，除去杂石。
Hematite is a mineral of oxides of corundum group, containing mainly ferric oxide (Fe2O3). The drug is collected, removed from foreign matter.

性状 Description

本品为鲕状、豆状、肾状集合体，多呈不规则的扁平块状。暗棕红色或灰黑色，条痕樱红色或红棕色，有的有金属光泽。一面多有圆形的突起，习称“钉头”；另一面与突起相对应处有同样大小的凹窝。体重，质硬，砸碎后断面显层叠状。气微，味淡。
Aggregates, fish-egg like, bean-shaped, reniform, frequently in irregular flattened masses. Dark brownish-red or greyish-black; streak cherry-red or reddish-brown, some with lustre of metal. Many rounded bulges occurring on one surface, commonly known as “Ding-tou”, and hollows of the same size corresponding in position to “Ding-tou" occurring on the other surface. Texture heavy and hard, fracture showing stratification. Odour, slight; taste, weak.

鉴别 Identification

取本品粉末0.1g，加盐酸2ml，振摇，滤过，取滤液2滴，加硫氰酸铵试液2滴，溶液即显血红色；另取滤液2滴，加亚铁氰化钾试液1～2滴，即生成蓝色沉淀；再加25%氢氧化钠溶液5～6滴，沉淀变成棕色。
Place 0.1 g of the powder in a test tube, add 2 ml of hydrochloric acid, shake and allow to stand. To 2 drops of the supernatant, add 2 drops of ammonium thiocyanate TS, a blood-red colour is produced immediately. To another 2 drops of the supernatant, add 1-2 drops of potassium ferrocyanide TS, a blue precipitate is produced, which turns to brown on adding 5-6 drops of a 25% solution of sodium hydroxide.

检查 Examination

含量测定 Assay

取本品细粉约0.25g，精密称定，照磁石〔含量测定〕项下的方法测定，即得。本品含铁（Fe）不得少于45.0%。
Weigh accurately about 0.25 g of the fine powder, carry out the Assay described under Magnetitum. It contains not less than 45.0 per cent of iron (Fe).

饮片 Prepared slices

赭石 Hematite

炮制 Processing

赭石 除去杂质，砸碎。
Haematitum Eliminate foreign matter, break to pieces.

煅赭石 Calcined Hematite

取净赭石，砸成碎块，照煅淬法（通则0213）煅至红透，醋淬，碾成粗粉。
Calcine the clean Haematitum as described under the method for calcining and quenching 〈0213〉 to red thoroughly, quench with vinegar and then grind into coarse powder, using 30 kg of vinegar per 100 kg of Haematitum.

性 Property

寒。
Cold.

味 Flavor

苦。
Bitter.

归经 Meridian tropism

归肝、心、肺、胃经。
Liver, heart, lung, and stomach meridians.

功能 Actions

平肝潜阳，重镇降逆，凉血止血。
To pacify the liver, subdue yang, heavily downbear counterflow, cool the blood, and stanch bleeding.

主治 Indications

用于眩晕耳鸣，呕吐，噫气，呃逆，喘息，吐血，齟血，崩漏下血。
Dizziness, tinnitus, vomiting, belching, hiccup, panting, hematemesis, epistaxis, and menstrual flooding and spotting.

用量 Dosage

9～30g。
9-30 g.

用法 Administration

先煎。
It should be decocted first.

注意 Precautions and Warnings

孕妇慎用。
Use with caution during pregnancy.